{ "status": "approved", "schema_version": 1, "compiled": "2026-10-22", "note": "Approved observations only: each is verified against its source and approved by an editor. Values are as the publisher states them; estimates are never combined. Link to the publisher; documents are not rehosted.", "metrics": { "investment-quantum-companies": { "label": "Investment in quantum companies, worldwide", "definition": "Money invested in companies working on quantum technologies in one year. Publishers count different things: venture capital only, all private and public investment in start-ups, or all investment in quantum technology.", "comparability": "Not comparable without reading each definition: the investors, the kinds of company and the deal types counted differ." }, "quantum-computing-market": { "label": "Quantum computing market or revenue, worldwide", "definition": "Revenue earned from quantum computing hardware, software, services or access in one year, or a projection of it.", "comparability": "Publishers define the market differently (vendor revenue, enterprise spending, or revenue of quantum computing companies); forecasts are scenarios, not observations." }, "public-funding-commitments": { "label": "Public funding commitments for quantum, worldwide, cumulative", "definition": "Total amounts governments have announced for quantum research and innovation over several years.", "comparability": "Announced commitments, not expenditure; totals rest on public announcements and may include multi-year and legacy budgets." }, "quantera-programme-funding": { "label": "QuantERA transnational calls: cumulative funding budget and projects", "definition": "The cumulative funding budget of QuantERA's transnational calls for proposals and the number of projects funded or recommended for funding.", "comparability": "The same metric in successive editions; each later edition covers more calls and supersedes the earlier one." }, "national-quantum-policies": { "label": "Countries with national quantum strategies or programmes", "definition": "The number of countries with a national strategy, programme or tailored policy for quantum technologies.", "comparability": "Country sets and definitions differ: QuantERA surveyed its 31 member countries; the OECD counts tailored policies worldwide and comprehensive strategies of OECD members." }, "rrf-quantum-programmes": { "label": "Quantum programmes in national recovery and resilience plans", "definition": "Countries funding quantum research through their national recovery and resilience programmes.", "comparability": "One source only so far." }, "quantum-share-public-rd-funding": { "label": "Quantum share of public R&D project funding", "definition": "Quantum R&D funding as a share of all R&D project funding recorded in a database of public funding awards.", "comparability": "Covers the funders in the OECD Fundstat database only." }, "us-share-quantum-funding": { "label": "United States share of funding to quantum companies", "definition": "Share of all recorded funding to core quantum companies that went to companies based in the United States.", "comparability": "One source only so far." }, "international-patent-families": { "label": "International quantum patent families by applicant location", "definition": "Quantum patent families filed in more than one jurisdiction, counted by the applicant's country or group.", "comparability": "Patent filings (as some industry reports count them) are not international patent families." }, "enterprise-adoption-depth": { "label": "Depth of company engagement with quantum computing", "definition": "Share of surveyed companies engaging deeply with quantum computing or using it in production.", "comparability": "Survey populations differ completely (German companies with 100 or more employees against screened quantum practitioners worldwide); the shares are not comparable." }, "adoption-barrier-staff": { "label": "Lack of staff as a barrier to quantum computing", "definition": "Share of surveyed companies citing a lack of personnel resources as a barrier.", "comparability": "One source only so far." }, "internal-quantum-skills": { "label": "Companies without internal quantum computing skills", "definition": "Share of surveyed companies reporting no internal capability to apply quantum computing or defend against it.", "comparability": "One source only so far." }, "quantum-job-postings": { "label": "Occupations of quantum-related job postings", "definition": "Shares of online quantum-related vacancies by occupation group.", "comparability": "Online vacancies in three countries only; postings, not the workforce." }, "founders-with-phd": { "label": "Founders of core quantum firms holding a PhD", "definition": "Share of founders of core quantum firms whose highest degree is a PhD, among founders with known education.", "comparability": "One source only so far." }, "pure-play-workforce": { "label": "Workforce of pure-play quantum companies, worldwide", "definition": "People employed by companies whose business is quantum technology.", "comparability": "One source only so far." }, "quantum-engaged-organisations": { "label": "Quantum-engaged organisations, worldwide", "definition": "Organisations engaged in quantum technology, including pure-play quantum companies.", "comparability": "One source only so far." }, "hpc-quantum-deployments": { "label": "Quantum computers installed at national HPC centres", "definition": "Quantum computer installations at national high-performance computing centres, by world region.", "comparability": "Regions are EMEA, the Americas and Asia-Pacific, not Europe or the EU27." }, "observatory-italy-scenario": { "label": "Italian and international quantum scenario (Politecnico di Milano)", "definition": "Figures of the Osservatorio Quantum Computing and Communication on public funding, strategies and company activity.", "comparability": "Not available: the full report needs an account." } }, "documents": [ { "id": "quantera-public-policies-2023", "publisher": "QuantERA", "publisher_type": "public-funders-network", "authors": "QuantERA Consortium, with national representatives of the Quantum Community Network", "sponsor": "European Union Horizon programmes (QuantERA ERA-NET Cofund) and national research funding organisations", "title": "Quantum Technologies Public Policies in Europe", "edition": "Second edition, 2023", "published": "2023", "url": "https://quantera.eu/wp-content/uploads/Quantum-Technologies-Public-Policies-Report-%E2%80%93-2023.pdf", "landing_url": "https://quantera.eu/mapping-of-public-policies/", "format": "pdf", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": "15e078974af18735d893c43af65f1d0a1606309481a69dc4c64182711661c89a", "pages": 101, "note": "Printed page numbers equal the PDF page index." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Public quantum policies of 31 EU Member States and associated countries, from a spring 2023 survey of 41 QuantERA members.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "No licence stated; copyright QuantERA.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Link to the publisher and restate findings; do not copy tables or charts." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2026-11-21", "cadence_days": 30 }, "supersedes": "quantera-public-policies-2020", "gap": null }, { "id": "quantera-public-policies-2020", "publisher": "QuantERA", "publisher_type": "public-funders-network", "authors": "QuantERA Consortium", "sponsor": "European Union Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 731473) and national research funding organisations", "title": "Quantum Technologies Public Policies in Europe", "edition": "First edition, 2020", "published": "2020", "url": "https://quantera.eu/wp-content/uploads/Quantum-Technologies-Public-Policies-Report-2020-1.pdf", "landing_url": "https://quantera.eu/mapping-of-public-policies/", "format": "pdf", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": "4ee5a3a0a8ba4f8782c81ee23e05e0496bbe90d080589eca54c7767892daddce", "pages": 77, "note": "Printed page numbers equal the PDF page index." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "National quantum policies of QuantERA member countries, from a summer 2020 inventory; dated evidence, not a current country assertion.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "No licence stated; copyright QuantERA.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Link to the publisher and restate findings; do not copy tables or charts." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2027-10-22", "cadence_days": 365 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": null }, { "id": "quantera-funded-projects-page", "publisher": "QuantERA", "publisher_type": "public-funders-network", "authors": "QuantERA", "sponsor": "European Union and national research funding organisations", "title": "Funded Projects", "edition": "Web page as read on 22 October 2026 (calls 2017 to 2025)", "published": "2026", "url": "https://quantera.eu/quantera-funded-projects/", "landing_url": "https://quantera.eu/media/", "format": "html", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": null, "note": "A web page that changes; the reading date is the version." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "All QuantERA transnational calls (2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 and 2025).", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "No licence stated; copyright QuantERA.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Link to the page and restate the figures." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2026-11-21", "cadence_days": 30 }, "supersedes": "quantera-public-policies-2023", "gap": null }, { "id": "mckinsey-qtm-2026", "publisher": "McKinsey & Company", "publisher_type": "consultancy", "authors": "McKinsey & Company", "sponsor": "McKinsey & Company (own research)", "title": "McKinsey Quantum Technology Monitor 2026: A commercial tipping point", "edition": "Fifth annual edition", "published": "2026-04-28", "url": "https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-technology/our-insights/mckinsey-quantum-technology-monitor-2026-a-commercial-tipping-point", "landing_url": "https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-technology/our-insights/mckinsey-quantum-technology-monitor-2026-a-commercial-tipping-point", "format": "html", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": null, "note": "Public summary page; it links a summary PDF and a full PDF that could not be retrieved." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "retrieval": "blocked", "coverage": "Worldwide quantum computing, communication and sensing: investment, market, talent and patents.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "McKinsey terms of use; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Link to McKinsey and restate figures briefly; never rehost the PDFs or charts." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2026-11-21", "cadence_days": 30 }, "supersedes": "mckinsey-qtm-2025", "gap": "Automated reads and the portal's preview browser were refused (time-out, Access Denied) on 22 October 2026; the summary page was read in an ordinary browser on 21 October 2026 for the world-reports list. The full PDF was not read, so no page locator exists yet." }, { "id": "mckinsey-qtm-2025", "publisher": "McKinsey & Company", "publisher_type": "consultancy", "authors": "McKinsey & Company", "sponsor": "McKinsey & Company (own research)", "title": "The Year of Quantum: From concept to reality in 2025 (Quantum Technology Monitor)", "edition": "Fourth annual edition", "published": "2025-06", "url": "https://www.mckinsey.de/~/media/mckinsey/business%20functions/mckinsey%20digital/our%20insights/the%20year%20of%20quantum%20from%20concept%20to%20reality%20in%202025/quantum-monitor-2025.pdf", "landing_url": "https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-technology/our-insights/the-year-of-quantum-from-concept-to-reality-in-2025", "format": "pdf", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": null, "note": "Not retrieved; the address comes from a web search listing." }, "retrieved": null, "retrieval": "metadata-only", "coverage": "Worldwide quantum technology investment, market and talent, data to March 2025.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "McKinsey terms of use; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Earlier edition kept for edition comparison." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2027-10-22", "cadence_days": 365 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": "The PDF request timed out on 22 October 2026; edition metadata only, from a web search listing. No observation is taken from it." }, { "id": "osservatori-qcc-scenario-2024", "publisher": "Osservatori Digital Innovation, Politecnico di Milano", "publisher_type": "university-observatory", "authors": "Osservatorio Quantum Computing & Communication", "sponsor": "Politecnico di Milano School of Management and the Observatory's partners", "title": "The national and international scenario of Quantum Computing & Communication", "edition": "2024 research, fourth edition of the Observatory", "published": "2024-11", "url": "https://www.osservatori.net/report/quantum-computing-communication/national-international-scenario-quantum-computing-communication/", "landing_url": "https://www.osservatori.net/quantum-computing-communication/", "format": "html", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": 39, "note": "The publisher's page states a 39-page report in English; the report itself was not read." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "metadata-only", "coverage": "Public quantum funding and national strategies, Forbes 2000 company activity, and demand and supply in quantum computing and communication, Italy and worldwide.", "access": "registration", "rights": { "licence": "Osservatori terms; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Even its extract needs an account; any authorised upload needs a rights check first." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2026-11-21", "cadence_days": 30 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": "The publisher's page asks visitors to log in or register to view even the extract; no figure of the full report is available to the portal. An authorised upload by the owner would close the gap." }, { "id": "osservatori-economyup-2026-02", "publisher": "EconomyUp (Network Digital360), with researchers of the Osservatori, Politecnico di Milano", "publisher_type": "university-observatory", "authors": "Beatrice Goretti (Osservatorio Quantum Computing & Communication) and Andrea Mondini (Osservatorio Startup Thinking)", "sponsor": "Not stated", "title": "Quantum computing for business: startup, investimenti e scenari", "edition": "Public article on a Politecnico di Milano workshop, 27 February 2026", "published": "2026-02-27", "url": "https://www.economyup.it/innovazione/quantum-computing-for-business-startup-investimenti-e-scenari/", "landing_url": "https://www.economyup.it/innovazione/quantum-computing-for-business-startup-investimenti-e-scenari/", "format": "html", "language": "it", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": null, "note": "Web article; the reading date is the version." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Worldwide funding of quantum-native companies in 2025 and Italian start-ups, as presented by the Observatory's director and a researcher.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "Network Digital360 terms; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Public release material of the Observatory; restate briefly and link." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2027-02-27", "cadence_days": 120 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": null }, { "id": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "publisher": "OECD and European Patent Office", "publisher_type": "intergovernmental", "authors": "OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation and the European Patent Office", "sponsor": "OECD and EPO", "title": "Mapping the global quantum ecosystem", "edition": "December 2025", "published": "2025-12", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2025/12/mapping-the-global-quantum-ecosystem_47891dd2/20251217-0001.pdf", "landing_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/mapping-the-global-quantum-ecosystem_010c37da-en.html", "format": "pdf", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": "d2eca5a2ef8e871a8af100616d3f127e6663e9d68ad6b766bf8986e61b3e3a3e", "pages": 163, "note": "Printed page numbers (epo.org | NN) equal the PDF page index." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Worldwide patents, firms, investment, skills (job postings in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States), trade and policy.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (EPO/OECD 2025); third-party material excluded.", "use": "attribution-reuse", "note": "Reuse with attribution; the OECD and EPO logos and cover need permission; underlying commercial microdata are not reusable." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2027-04-20", "cadence_days": 180 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": "The landing page showed a bot check (HTTP 403) and was not used; the openly licensed PDF was read." }, { "id": "qedc-sgqi-2026", "publisher": "Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), managed by SRI International", "publisher_type": "industry-consortium", "authors": "QED-C", "sponsor": "QED-C members; imprint SRI International, Arlington, VA", "title": "State of the Global Quantum Industry 2026", "edition": "2026 report, data to the end of 2025", "published": "2026-04-14", "url": "https://quantumconsortium.org/publication/2026-state-of-the-global-quantum-industry-report/", "landing_url": "https://quantumconsortium.org/publication/2026-state-of-the-global-quantum-industry-report/", "format": "html", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": null, "note": "Publication page; the full report is downloaded through a form." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Worldwide industry composition, investment, market size, workforce and intellectual property.", "access": "registration", "rights": { "licence": "QED-C terms; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Market forecasts and the regional analysis are for members only and were not read." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2026-11-21", "cadence_days": 30 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": "The full report sits behind a download form and its regional analysis behind membership; only the public publication page and press release were read." }, { "id": "qedc-sgqi-2026-press-release", "publisher": "Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), managed by SRI International", "publisher_type": "industry-consortium", "authors": "QED-C", "sponsor": "QED-C", "title": "Global Quantum Computing Market to Double by 2028 (press release on the State of the Global Quantum Industry 2026)", "edition": "Press release of 14 April 2026", "published": "2026-04-14", "url": "https://quantumconsortium.org/global-quantum-computing-market-to-double/", "landing_url": "https://quantumconsortium.org/publication/2026-state-of-the-global-quantum-industry-report/", "format": "html", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": null, "note": "Press release; the reading date is the version." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Headline findings of the 2026 report, worldwide, data to the end of 2025.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "QED-C terms; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Link and restate the findings briefly." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2027-04-14", "cadence_days": 180 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": null }, { "id": "iqm-state-of-quantum-2026", "publisher": "IQM Quantum Computers", "publisher_type": "company", "authors": "IQM Quantum Computers with The Quantum Insider (Resonance)", "sponsor": "IQM Quantum Computers, a quantum computer manufacturer; survey and interviews by Resonance", "title": "State of Quantum 2026", "edition": "Fourth edition", "published": "2026", "url": "https://iqm.tech/reports/IQM-State-of-Quantum-2026.pdf", "landing_url": "https://iqm.tech/resources/state-of-quantum/", "format": "pdf", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": "d31de7d9598a80c60e034c969019351aa1f675d0fa5896adabaea90f3dc5c2d1", "pages": 93, "note": "Printed page numbers equal the PDF page index." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Quantum computing market, investment and deployments 2021 to Q1 2026, and a survey of 107 practitioners in EMEA, the Americas and Asia-Pacific (March to May 2026).", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "Copyright IQM Quantum Computers; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Industry publication by a vendor; link to IQM, restate briefly." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2026-11-21", "cadence_days": 30 }, "supersedes": "iqm-state-of-quantum-2025", "gap": null }, { "id": "iqm-state-of-quantum-2025", "publisher": "IQM Quantum Computers", "publisher_type": "company", "authors": "IQM Quantum Computers with Omdia (Informa Tech)", "sponsor": "IQM Quantum Computers; research partner Omdia", "title": "State of Quantum 2025", "edition": "Third edition", "published": "2025", "url": "https://iqm.tech/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/IQM-State-of-Quantum-2025.pdf", "landing_url": "https://iqm.tech/resources/state-of-quantum/", "format": "pdf", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": "964e527cd5355cbce289172eecdd21c429cdd9cd491175c94815c74102451f01", "pages": 57, "note": "Research partner Omdia, not Resonance as in 2026: a change of method between editions." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Quantum computing vendor and practitioner surveys by Omdia.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "Omdia materials copyright Informa Tech; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Earlier edition kept for edition comparison; no observation taken yet." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2027-10-22", "cadence_days": 365 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": null }, { "id": "bitkom-quantum-computing-2026", "publisher": "Bitkom e.V.", "publisher_type": "industry-association", "authors": "Bitkom Research for Bitkom e.V.", "sponsor": "Bitkom e.V., the German digital industry association", "title": "Quantum Computing in German Industry 2026: Between Expectations and Implementation", "edition": "2026 study (survey of autumn 2025)", "published": "2026", "url": "https://www.bitkom.org/sites/main/files/2026-08/bitkom-study-report-quantumcomputing-2026.pdf", "landing_url": "https://www.bitkom.org/EN/List-and-detailpages/Publications/Quantum-Computing-in-German-Industry-2026", "format": "pdf", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": "4f7bfbdca12cdeaf0adccab0f7ba2e5c2201528103c9d21f48450853c69749f6", "pages": 42, "note": "English version; printed page numbers equal the PDF page index. The German version has its own DOI." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Companies in Germany with 100 or more employees in manufacturing and services; 607 interviews, weeks 42 to 48 of 2025.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Bitkom 2026)", "use": "attribution-reuse", "note": "Reuse with attribution; results describe German companies with 100 or more employees, not all SMEs or the EU." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-22", "next_check": "2027-04-20", "cadence_days": 180 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": null }, { "id": "bcg-quantum-2026", "publisher": "Boston Consulting Group", "publisher_type": "consultancy", "authors": "Boston Consulting Group", "sponsor": "BCG (own research)", "title": "Quantum Is Getting Real. CEOs Need to Shape Where It Creates Value.", "edition": "2026 article", "published": "2026-05-25", "url": "https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/ceos-need-to-shape-where-quantum-creates-value", "landing_url": "https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/ceos-need-to-shape-where-quantum-creates-value", "format": "html", "language": "en", "version": { "sha256": null, "pages": null, "note": "Migrated from the world-reports list, read in a browser on 21 October 2026." }, "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "retrieval": "read", "coverage": "Worldwide quantum computing market and 2030 scenarios.", "access": "open", "rights": { "licence": "BCG terms; all rights reserved.", "use": "link-and-paraphrase", "note": "Link and restate briefly." }, "checks": { "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "next_check": "2026-11-20", "cadence_days": 30 }, "supersedes": null, "gap": "Not re-read for this pilot; its figure stays pending until an editor checks it against the page." } ], "observations": [ { "id": "quantera-2023-national-programmes", "document": "quantera-public-policies-2023", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "national-quantum-policies", "statement": "Ten of the countries QuantERA surveyed in 2023 confirmed a national funding programme or strategy for quantum technologies: Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.", "value": { "as_stated": "10 countries", "low": 10, "high": 10, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "countries", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2023", "geography": { "scope": "group", "label": "QuantERA member countries (31 EU Member States and associated countries)", "countries": [ "DK", "FR", "DE", "HU", "IL", "IT", "LV", "NL", "CH", "GB" ] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "41 QuantERA Consortium members from 31 countries, spring 2023 survey", "method": "Self-reported inventory by research funding organisations; five further countries had strategies in development and five had significant government initiatives.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "16", "pdf_page": 16, "section": "Key findings", "element": "National policies, National QT strategies and initiatives" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Count and the ten country names read in the PDF text layer of page 16 (footer 16); population from the same page's side note.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 16, PDF page 16, Key findings, National policies, National QT strategies and initiatives" }, { "id": "quantera-2023-rrf-programmes", "document": "quantera-public-policies-2023", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "rrf-quantum-programmes", "statement": "Five surveyed countries funded quantum research through their national recovery and resilience programmes in 2023: Austria, Germany, Italy, Latvia and Spain.", "value": { "as_stated": "5 countries", "low": 5, "high": 5, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "countries", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2023", "geography": { "scope": "group", "label": "QuantERA member countries (31 EU Member States and associated countries)", "countries": [ "AT", "DE", "IT", "LV", "ES" ] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "41 QuantERA Consortium members from 31 countries, spring 2023 survey", "method": "Self-reported inventory; the programmes stem from the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "16", "pdf_page": 16, "section": "Key findings", "element": "QT programmes within national recovery and resilience programmes, footnote 8" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Count and countries read in the PDF text layer of page 16 (footer 16).", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 16, PDF page 16, Key findings, QT programmes within national recovery and resilience programmes, footnote 8" }, { "id": "quantera-2020-programme-funding", "document": "quantera-public-policies-2020", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "quantera-programme-funding", "statement": "By 2020 QuantERA had funded 38 transnational projects for more than 45 million from its first two calls, bringing together 193 research teams from 25 countries.", "value": { "as_stated": "over 45 million (38 projects)", "low": 45, "high": null, "qualifier": "more-than" }, "unit": "EUR million", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2017-2020", "geography": { "scope": "group", "label": "QuantERA participating countries", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Projects of the QuantERA calls 2017 and 2019", "method": "Programme figures of QuantERA. The currency symbol is not in the PDF text layer; QuantERA's funded projects page states the programme budget in euro.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "10", "pdf_page": 10, "section": "QuantERA at a glance", "element": "Second column, last paragraph" }, "review": { "state": "superseded", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the PDF text layer of page 10; superseded by the 2023 edition, which covers three calls.", "superseded_by": "quantera-2023-programme-funding" }, "locator_text": "printed page 10, PDF page 10, QuantERA at a glance, Second column, last paragraph" }, { "id": "quantera-2023-programme-funding", "document": "quantera-public-policies-2023", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "quantera-programme-funding", "statement": "By 2023 QuantERA's funding budget exceeded 89 million for 77 projects from three transnational calls (2017, 2019 and 2021); the 2023 call, of about 33 million, was still pending.", "value": { "as_stated": "over 89 M (77 projects)", "low": 89, "high": null, "qualifier": "more-than" }, "unit": "EUR million", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2017-2023", "geography": { "scope": "group", "label": "QuantERA participating countries", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Projects of the QuantERA calls 2017, 2019 and 2021", "method": "Programme figures of QuantERA. The currency symbol is not in the PDF text layer; QuantERA's funded projects page states the programme budget in euro.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "12", "pdf_page": 12, "section": "QuantERA in figures", "element": "QuantERA calls for proposals, second paragraph" }, "review": { "state": "superseded", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the PDF text layer of page 12; superseded by the funded projects page of 2026, which covers five calls.", "superseded_by": "quantera-2026-programme-funding" }, "locator_text": "printed page 12, PDF page 12, QuantERA in figures, QuantERA calls for proposals, second paragraph" }, { "id": "quantera-2026-programme-funding", "document": "quantera-funded-projects-page", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "quantera-programme-funding", "statement": "QuantERA's calls of 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 and 2025 add up to a funding budget of more than EUR 170 million and 140 projects recommended for funding.", "value": { "as_stated": "over EUR 170 M (140 projects)", "low": 170, "high": null, "qualifier": "more-than" }, "unit": "EUR million", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2017-2025", "geography": { "scope": "group", "label": "QuantERA participating countries", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Projects recommended for funding in five QuantERA calls", "method": "Programme figure stated by QuantERA; recommended for funding, not necessarily disbursed.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Projects funded by QuantERA", "element": "Second paragraph" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the page's HTML text on 22 October 2026, euro stated.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Projects funded by QuantERA, Second paragraph" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-policy-countries", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "national-quantum-policies", "statement": "More than 30 countries have tailored policies for quantum technologies, including 18 OECD countries with comprehensive national quantum strategies.", "value": { "as_stated": "over 30 countries (18 OECD countries with comprehensive strategies)", "low": 30, "high": null, "qualifier": "more-than" }, "unit": "countries", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Countries with quantum policies", "method": "OECD count of national policies; a tailored policy is broader than a comprehensive strategy.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "02", "pdf_page": 2, "section": "Forewords", "element": "Foreword by the OECD Secretary-General" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the PDF text layer of page 2 (footer epo.org | 02).", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 2, PDF page 2, Forewords, Foreword by the OECD Secretary-General" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-quantum-rd-share", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "quantum-share-public-rd-funding", "statement": "Quantum's share of public R&D project funding in the OECD Fundstat database rose from about 0.4% in 2015 to 1.1% in 2023, after a peak of 1.2% in 2022.", "value": { "as_stated": "approximately 0.4% in 2015 to 1.1% by 2023", "low": 1.1, "high": 1.1, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2015-2023", "geography": { "scope": "group", "label": "19 OECD countries and EU programmes in OECD Fundstat", "countries": [ "AU", "AT", "BE", "CA", "CH", "CZ", "DE", "EE", "FI", "FR", "GB", "IE", "JP", "LT", "LV", "NO", "PT", "SE", "US" ] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "R&D project awards with funding information in OECD Fundstat (v.2024), about 51% of GBARD of the 19 countries", "method": "OECD analysis of award data; awards reflect authorisations, not commitments or expenditure. The value is the 2023 share.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "23", "pdf_page": 23, "section": "Executive summary, 6. R&D-focused public policies", "element": "Figure E11 and its notes" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Shares from the text of page 23 (footer epo.org | 23), not read from the chart; country list from the figure notes, where IR is read as Ireland.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 23, PDF page 23, Executive summary, 6. R&D-focused public policies, Figure E11 and its notes" }, { "id": "qedc-2026-public-commitments", "document": "qedc-sgqi-2026-press-release", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "public-funding-commitments", "statement": "QED-C estimates public funding commitments for quantum research and innovation at about USD 56.7 billion worldwide, after a rise of more than USD 12.7 billion in a year.", "value": { "as_stated": "an estimated $56.7 billion", "low": 56.7, "high": 56.7, "qualifier": "about" }, "unit": "USD billion", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "end of 2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Public funding commitments announced worldwide", "method": "QED-C estimate; cumulative commitments, not disbursements; the public release does not describe the method.", "status": "estimate", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Press release of 14 April 2026", "element": "Paragraph on public funding commitments" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Both amounts read in the press release's HTML text on 22 October 2026.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on public funding commitments" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-government-commitments", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "public-funding-commitments", "statement": "The OECD and EPO report, citing QURECA, puts government commitments to quantum science and technology at about USD 55.7 billion worldwide since 2013, as of July 2025, and warns that such totals rest on announcements.", "value": { "as_stated": "an estimated USD 55.7 billion", "low": 55.7, "high": 55.7, "qualifier": "about" }, "unit": "USD billion", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2013-2025-07", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum science and technology", "population": "Government commitments announced since 2013", "method": "Secondary figure: the report cites QURECA (2025); announcements may include legacy budgets and non-governmental money.", "status": "estimate", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": "QURECA (2025)", "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "117", "pdf_page": 117, "section": "8.2 Government funding", "element": "Second column, first paragraph" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the PDF text layer of page 117. A republication of QURECA's estimate, so it is not independent confirmation of any other figure.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 117, PDF page 117, 8.2 Government funding, Second column, first paragraph" }, { "id": "qedc-2026-venture-capital", "document": "qedc-sgqi-2026-press-release", "topic": "market-investment", "metric": "investment-quantum-companies", "statement": "QED-C counts USD 4.9 billion of private venture capital invested in the quantum industry in 2025, more than double the previous record; most of it went to companies in the United States.", "value": { "as_stated": "$4.9 billion", "low": 4.9, "high": 4.9, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "USD billion", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Private venture capital deals in quantum companies", "method": "QED-C estimate of venture capital only; excludes public money and other deal types.", "status": "estimate", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Press release of 14 April 2026", "element": "Paragraph on public funding and venture capital" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the press release's HTML text; the publication page shows the same USD 4.9 billion.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on public funding and venture capital" }, { "id": "iqm-2026-total-investment", "document": "iqm-state-of-quantum-2026", "topic": "market-investment", "metric": "investment-quantum-companies", "statement": "IQM's 2026 report puts total investment in quantum technology in 2025 at USD 10 to 12 billion, more than four times the year before, with 80 to 90% going to quantum computing.", "value": { "as_stated": "$10-$12 billion", "low": 10, "high": 12, "qualifier": "range" }, "unit": "USD billion", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technology, mostly quantum computing", "population": "Investment tracked by Resonance (The Quantum Insider)", "method": "Resonance analysis for a report published by a quantum computer manufacturer; the range is the publisher's.", "status": "estimate", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "27", "pdf_page": 27, "section": "Theme II, The Quantum Computing market today", "element": "Second paragraph and footnote 11" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the PDF text layer of page 27 (footer 27).", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 27, PDF page 27, Theme II, The Quantum Computing market today, Second paragraph and footnote 11" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-us-funding-share", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "market-investment", "metric": "us-share-quantum-funding", "statement": "Around 60% of all funding ever recorded for core quantum companies went to companies based in the United States, which hold about 30% of quantum international patent families.", "value": { "as_stated": "around 60%", "low": 60, "high": 60, "qualifier": "about" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "to 2024", "geography": { "scope": "country", "label": "United States", "countries": [ "US" ] }, "technology": "Core quantum firms", "population": "Funding to core quantum companies in the OECD STI Micro-data Lab, October 2025", "method": "OECD calculations on company and deal data.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "18", "pdf_page": 18, "section": "Executive summary, 3. Geographical concentration", "element": "Text above Figure E6" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the PDF text layer of page 18 (footer epo.org | 18); taken from the text, not the chart.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 18, PDF page 18, Executive summary, 3. Geographical concentration, Text above Figure E6" }, { "id": "qedc-2026-qc-market-2025", "document": "qedc-sgqi-2026-press-release", "topic": "market-investment", "metric": "quantum-computing-market", "statement": "QED-C sizes the 2025 quantum computing market at USD 1.4 billion, within a total quantum market of USD 1.9 billion that includes USD 470 million for quantum sensing.", "value": { "as_stated": "$1.4 billion", "low": 1.4, "high": 1.4, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "USD billion", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum computing", "population": "Quantum computing market", "method": "QED-C market estimate; method in the full report, which needs a form.", "status": "estimate", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Press release of 14 April 2026", "element": "Second paragraph" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the press release's HTML text on 22 October 2026.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Press release of 14 April 2026, Second paragraph" }, { "id": "qedc-2026-qc-market-2028", "document": "qedc-sgqi-2026-press-release", "topic": "market-investment", "metric": "quantum-computing-market", "statement": "QED-C projects the quantum computing market to grow about 30% a year to USD 3 billion by 2028.", "value": { "as_stated": "$3 billion by 2028", "low": 3, "high": 3, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "USD billion", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2028", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum computing", "population": "Quantum computing market", "method": "QED-C projection from the 2025 market and 30% yearly growth; a higher path is assumed once quantum advantage is shown.", "status": "forecast", "horizon": "2028", "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Press release of 14 April 2026", "element": "Third paragraph" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the press release's HTML text on 22 October 2026.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Press release of 14 April 2026, Third paragraph" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-epc-patent-families", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "innovation", "metric": "international-patent-families", "statement": "Applicants in the European Patent Convention member states hold 2,193 international quantum patent families from 2005 to 2024, second to the United States with 3,330.", "value": { "as_stated": "2 193", "low": 2193, "high": 2193, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "patent families", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2005-2024", "geography": { "scope": "europe", "label": "European Patent Convention member states (not the EU27)", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "International patent families by applicant country, EPO data of October 2025", "method": "EPO patent data; families filed in more than one jurisdiction, counted by applicant location.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "44", "pdf_page": 44, "section": "3.3.1 Country relevance in quantum innovation", "element": "Text beside Figure 3.3.1, Panel B" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Both counts read in the text of page 44 (footer epo.org | 44), not from the chart.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 44, PDF page 44, 3.3.1 Country relevance in quantum innovation, Text beside Figure 3.3.1, Panel B" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-eu-patent-families", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "innovation", "metric": "international-patent-families", "statement": "The report charts an All EU bar for quantum patent families, but states no EU27 count in its text; the value is not available here.", "value": null, "unit": "patent families", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2005-2024", "geography": { "scope": "eu27", "label": "EU27", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Patent families by applicant country", "method": "Chart values are not estimated by eye; a value needs a stated figure or a recorded reading method with its uncertainty.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "unavailable", "gap_reason": "Shown only as a chart bar in Figure 3.3.1; the text gives the EPC total, not the EU27.", "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "44", "pdf_page": 44, "section": "3.3.1 Country relevance in quantum innovation", "element": "Figure 3.3.1, Panel A, All EU bar" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Checked that the text of page 44 states no EU27 total; the gap is the verified fact.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 44, PDF page 44, 3.3.1 Country relevance in quantum innovation, Figure 3.3.1, Panel A, All EU bar" }, { "id": "osservatori-2024-scenario-figures", "document": "osservatori-qcc-scenario-2024", "topic": "policy-funding", "metric": "observatory-italy-scenario", "statement": "The Observatory's November 2024 report covers public funding, national strategies and company activity for Italy and the world, but none of its figures is available to the portal.", "value": null, "unit": "not applicable", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2024", "geography": { "scope": "country", "label": "Italy, with worldwide context", "countries": [ "IT" ] }, "technology": "Quantum computing and communication", "population": "Not known", "method": "Not known: the report was not read.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "unavailable", "gap_reason": "The publisher requires an account even for the extract; an authorised upload would close the gap.", "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Report page, description and access notice", "element": null }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "The access notice and the 39-page English report description were read in the page's HTML on 22 October 2026.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Report page, description and access notice" }, { "id": "bitkom-2026-intensive-engagement", "document": "bitkom-quantum-computing-2026", "topic": "companies-adoption", "metric": "enterprise-adoption-depth", "statement": "Eight percent of German companies with 100 or more employees engage very intensively with quantum computing; 35% have engaged with it at all and 22% see it as no topic for them.", "value": { "as_stated": "8 percent", "low": 8, "high": 8, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "country", "label": "Germany", "countries": [ "DE" ] }, "technology": "Quantum computing", "population": "Companies in Germany with 100 or more employees, manufacturing and services (n=607)", "method": "Representative survey by Bitkom Research, weeks 42 to 48 of 2025, weighted on VAT statistics, margin of error 3 points. The summary says telephone survey; the methods table says online survey.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "21", "pdf_page": 21, "section": "2.2 Level of Engagement", "element": "Figure 14" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "8 percent read on page 3 (executive summary) and in Figure 14 on page 21; the 35 and 22 percent in the text of page 21; method on page 39.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 21, PDF page 21, 2.2 Level of Engagement, Figure 14" }, { "id": "iqm-2026-scaled-deployment", "document": "iqm-state-of-quantum-2026", "topic": "companies-adoption", "metric": "enterprise-adoption-depth", "statement": "Among industry respondents of IQM's 2026 survey, 3% had reached broad or scaled quantum computing deployment and 10% limited production use; 56% were at exploratory pilots.", "value": { "as_stated": "3%", "low": 3, "high": 3, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2026", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide (EMEA, Americas, Asia-Pacific)", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum computing", "population": "Industry respondents screened for active quantum engagement (dedicated budget, staff or pilot); 70 industry respondents of 107", "method": "Survey by Resonance, March to May 2026, for a report published by a quantum computer manufacturer; not representative of all businesses.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "45", "pdf_page": 45, "section": "Theme III, Enterprise Adoption", "element": "Text above Figure 17" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Shares read in the text of page 45; sample and screen on pages 44 and 83.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 45, PDF page 45, Theme III, Enterprise Adoption, Text above Figure 17" }, { "id": "iqm-2026-hpc-deployments", "document": "iqm-state-of-quantum-2026", "topic": "infrastructure", "metric": "hpc-quantum-deployments", "statement": "EMEA accounts for 21 of 32 quantum computers installed at national HPC centres since 2025 (through Q1 2026), ahead of Asia-Pacific with 9 and the Americas with 2; the report links this to EuroHPC co-funding.", "value": { "as_stated": "21 of 32", "low": 21, "high": 21, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "installations", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025-2026-Q1", "geography": { "scope": "region", "label": "EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa; not the EU27)", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum computers at HPC centres", "population": "Installations at national HPC centres tracked by The Quantum Insider", "method": "Market transaction data of The Quantum Insider, checked against public information.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "38", "pdf_page": 38, "section": "Theme II, HPC-Quantum Computing programs perspective", "element": "Text and Figure 15" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Counts read in the text of page 38 (footer 38).", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 38, PDF page 38, Theme II, HPC-Quantum Computing programs perspective, Text and Figure 15" }, { "id": "qedc-2026-organisations", "document": "qedc-sgqi-2026-press-release", "topic": "companies-adoption", "metric": "quantum-engaged-organisations", "statement": "QED-C identified 7,418 quantum-engaged organisations worldwide at the end of 2025, 556 of them pure-play quantum companies.", "value": { "as_stated": "7,418", "low": 7418, "high": 7418, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "organisations", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "end of 2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Organisations engaged in quantum technology", "method": "QED-C count; its publication page shows 7,420, so the two QED-C pages differ by two.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Press release of 14 April 2026", "element": "Paragraph on organisations" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "7,418 and 556 read in the press release's HTML text; 7,420 on the publication page, recorded in the method note.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on organisations" }, { "id": "bitkom-2026-barrier-staff", "document": "bitkom-quantum-computing-2026", "topic": "companies-adoption", "metric": "adoption-barrier-staff", "statement": "Lack of staff is the barrier German companies cite most: 65% name it, ahead of regulatory uncertainty and immature technology at 61% each; only 27% name budget.", "value": { "as_stated": "65 percent", "low": 65, "high": 65, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "country", "label": "Germany", "countries": [ "DE" ] }, "technology": "Quantum computing", "population": "Companies in Germany with 100 or more employees (n=607), multiple answers", "method": "Representative survey by Bitkom Research, autumn 2025.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "34", "pdf_page": 34, "section": "4.4 Challenges and Support Needs", "element": "Figure 23" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Shares read in the text and Figure 23 of page 34; base n=607 from the figure note.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 34, PDF page 34, 4.4 Challenges and Support Needs, Figure 23" }, { "id": "bitkom-2026-no-internal-skills", "document": "bitkom-quantum-computing-2026", "topic": "skills", "metric": "internal-quantum-skills", "statement": "Of German companies interested in or using quantum computing, 61% have no internal skills to apply it or defend against it; among those with 500 to 1,999 employees the share falls to 42%.", "value": { "as_stated": "61 percent", "low": 61, "high": 61, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "country", "label": "Germany", "countries": [ "DE" ] }, "technology": "Quantum computing", "population": "Companies in Germany with 100 or more employees interested in or using quantum computing (n=463)", "method": "Representative survey by Bitkom Research, autumn 2025.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "31", "pdf_page": 31, "section": "4.2 Skills and Professional Development", "element": "Figure 20" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Shares read in the text of page 31; base n=463 from the Figure 20 note.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 31, PDF page 31, 4.2 Skills and Professional Development, Figure 20" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-job-postings", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "skills", "metric": "quantum-job-postings", "statement": "Quantum-related job postings concentrate on technical and research occupations: computer science 26%, science and research 25%, education and training 10%; business, marketing and sales together stay under 10%.", "value": { "as_stated": "26%", "low": 26, "high": 26, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2024", "geography": { "scope": "group", "label": "Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States", "countries": [ "CA", "GB", "US" ] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Online vacancies collected by Lightcast, January 2021 to July 2025", "method": "OECD analysis of Lightcast job postings; postings show demand, not the workforce. The value is the computer science share.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "19", "pdf_page": 19, "section": "Executive summary, 4. High technological complexity and skill requirements", "element": "First column, second paragraph" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Shares read on page 19; the three countries and the period on page 91, the 2024 year on page 93.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 19, PDF page 19, Executive summary, 4. High technological complexity and skill requirements, First column, second paragraph" }, { "id": "qedc-2026-pure-play-workforce", "document": "qedc-sgqi-2026-press-release", "topic": "skills", "metric": "pure-play-workforce", "statement": "QED-C estimates the worldwide workforce of pure-play quantum companies at nearly 16,500 people in 2025, about 2,000 more than a year earlier.", "value": { "as_stated": "nearly 16,500", "low": 16500, "high": 16500, "qualifier": "about" }, "unit": "people", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Quantum technologies", "population": "Employees of pure-play quantum companies", "method": "QED-C estimate; the publication page shows 16,482.", "status": "estimate", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "html", "printed_page": null, "pdf_page": null, "section": "Press release of 14 April 2026", "element": "Paragraph on the workforce" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Read in the press release's HTML text; 16,482 on the publication page.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on the workforce" }, { "id": "oecd-epo-2025-founders-phd", "document": "oecd-epo-quantum-ecosystem-2025", "topic": "skills", "metric": "founders-with-phd", "statement": "More than half of the founders of core quantum firms with known education hold a PhD (58%), against about 10% for founders of all firms.", "value": { "as_stated": "58%", "low": 58, "high": 58, "qualifier": "exact" }, "unit": "percent", "conversion": null, "reference_period": "2025", "geography": { "scope": "world", "label": "Worldwide", "countries": [] }, "technology": "Core quantum firms", "population": "657 of 1,208 identified founders of core quantum firms with education information (Crunchbase)", "method": "OECD calculations, STI Micro-data Lab, October 2025.", "status": "observation", "horizon": null, "availability": "available", "gap_reason": null, "cites": null, "locator": { "kind": "pdf", "printed_page": "19", "pdf_page": 19, "section": "Executive summary, 4. High technological complexity and skill requirements", "element": "Figure E7 and its notes" }, "review": { "state": "verified", "checked": "2026-10-22", "by": "builder agent (Claude), not a human reviewer", "note": "Over half and 10% in the text of page 19; 58% as the figure's data label in the text layer; sample from the notes.", "superseded_by": null }, "locator_text": "printed page 19, PDF page 19, Executive summary, 4. High technological complexity and skill requirements, Figure E7 and its notes" } ] }