{
    "title": "Infrastructure access guide",
    "notice": "A referral guide, not a booking service; check the official page before applying.",
    "status": "source-verified",
    "compiled": "2026-10-26",
    "checked": "2026-10-26",
    "assembled": "2026-11-02",
    "note": "How a researcher, a company or a public body can get access to European quantum computers, testbeds, pilot lines, QKD test services, hybrid HPC and quantum computing time and training, compiled from the official access pages on the date shown. A referral guide, not a booking service: calls open and close, and nothing here is confirmed by the operators. Routes whose official pages could not be read are not listed. Organisations only; no person is named. Pending editorial review.",
    "audiences": {
        "researcher": "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
        "sme": "Start-up or SME",
        "large_company": "Large company",
        "public_body": "Public body or administration"
    },
    "needs": {
        "run_qc": "Run on a quantum computer",
        "testbed": "Use a testbed or pilot line",
        "qkd_test": "Test QKD or EuroQCI equipment",
        "hpc_qc": "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time",
        "training": "Train staff"
    },
    "costs": {
        "free": "Free of charge",
        "peer_reviewed": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
        "funded_call": "Funded through an open call",
        "paid": "Paid",
        "in_kind": "By agreement or in kind",
        "mixed": "Free tier and paid plans",
        "not_stated": "Cost not stated on the official page"
    },
    "summary": {
        "routes": 21,
        "needs": {
            "run_qc": 15,
            "testbed": 3,
            "qkd_test": 3,
            "hpc_qc": 7,
            "training": 4
        },
        "audiences": {
            "researcher": 18,
            "sme": 15,
            "large_company": 14,
            "public_body": 8
        },
        "scopes": {
            "eu": 5,
            "national": 10,
            "provider": 6
        },
        "verification": {
            "verified": 9,
            "partly": 12
        },
        "states": {
            "current": 19,
            "ended": 2
        }
    },
    "routes": [
        {
            "id": "eurohpc-quantum-pilot",
            "title": "EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode",
            "operator": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking",
            "kind": "eu_call",
            "scope": "eu",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "training"
            ],
            "eligibility": "The call is open to all categories of users who want to test methods or collect performance data; the June 2026 announcement names researchers, public institutions and industry. General EuroHPC rules apply to users in EU Member States, EuroHPC Participating States and countries associated to Horizon Europe or Digital Europe.",
            "cost_model": "peer_reviewed",
            "cost_text": "Free of charge, per the June 2026 announcement and the EuroHPC access policy; time is allocated after evaluation of the proposal.",
            "how_to_apply": "Submit a proposal on the EuroHPC access portal, requesting QPU hours on a system within the range offered for the cut-off.",
            "timeline": "Continuously open with monthly cut-offs at 10:00 CET (the call page lists 1 August, 1 September, 1 October, 1 November and 1 December 2026, and a last cut-off on 31 December 2033). Evaluation follows each cut-off; resources are available up to two weeks after it. Projects last three or six months.",
            "what_you_get": "QPU hours on the EuroHPC quantum computers for testing and development: feasibility studies, performance data, code, algorithm and workflow development and training.",
            "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/eurohpc-ju-call-proposals-quantum-access-pilot-mode_en",
            "facilities": [
                "ruby",
                "lucy",
                "piast-q",
                "vlq",
                "euro-q-exa",
                "euroqcs-spain"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "eurohpc-quantum-pilot",
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "The only quantum access mode on the EuroHPC quantum access calls page: there is no benchmark, development, regular or extreme-scale mode for quantum computers, and the AI Factories modes are GPU access. The QPU-hour range per system is shown only in an image that could not be read.",
            "sources": [
                "ehpc-pilot-call",
                "ehpc-access-calls",
                "ehpc-opens-access",
                "ehpc-qc-access",
                "ehpc-access-policy"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "EU access call",
            "scope_label": "EU-wide routes",
            "cost_label": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Train staff"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: Call for proposals for Quantum Access Pilot Mode",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/eurohpc-ju-call-proposals-quantum-access-pilot-mode_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: Quantum access calls",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/quantum-technologies/quantum-computing-access/quantum-access-calls_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: EuroHPC JU opens access to its quantum computers (25 June 2026)",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/eurohpc-ju-opens-access-its-quantum-computers-2026-06-25_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: Quantum computing access",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/quantum-technologies/quantum-computing-access_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: Access policy and FAQ",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/access-our-supercomputers/access-policy-and-faq_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "partly"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "qu-test-open-call",
            "title": "Qu-Test open call for testing services",
            "operator": "Qu-Test consortium (Horizon Europe project)",
            "kind": "pilot_line",
            "scope": "eu",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "testbed"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Companies established in an EU Member State, Iceland, Norway or Israel and majority owned and controlled there; they join the Qu-Test framework partnership agreement and pass an ownership-control assessment by the Commission.",
            "cost_model": "funded_call",
            "cost_text": "Testing services are 100% funded; the company gives feedback on the service in return.",
            "how_to_apply": "Choose services in the ecosystem catalogue, send the intake form for a feasibility pre-screening, then apply on the Qu-Test application site.",
            "timeline": "Results about four weeks after a cut-off, about three months of negotiation and up to 16 months from cut-off to the end of service delivery. The page gives the project period as 1 April 2023 to 30 September 2026 and names no open cut-off.",
            "what_you_get": "Testing and characterisation of quantum devices and systems for computing, communication and sensing on the project testbeds.",
            "url": "https://qu-test.eu/open-call/",
            "facilities": [
                "qu-test"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "qu-test-open-call",
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The project period ended on 30 September 2026 and the page names no open cut-off; no successor testing call was found on 26 October 2026. Kept for reference.",
            "sources": [
                "qu-test-open-call",
                "qu-test-home"
            ],
            "state": "ended",
            "ended": "2026-09-30",
            "kind_label": "Pilot line or testing service",
            "scope_label": "EU-wide routes",
            "cost_label": "Funded through an open call",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Use a testbed or pilot line"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Qu-Test: Open call",
                    "url": "https://qu-test.eu/open-call/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "Qu-Test: home page",
                    "url": "https://qu-test.eu/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "qu-pilot-open-call",
            "title": "Qu-Pilot open call for experimental production",
            "operator": "Qu-Pilot consortium (Horizon Europe project)",
            "kind": "pilot_line",
            "scope": "eu",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "testbed"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Companies established in an EU Member State, Iceland, Norway or Israel and majority owned and controlled there, after an ownership-control assessment by the Commission.",
            "cost_model": "funded_call",
            "cost_text": "Experimental production is 100% funded; feedback on the service is expected.",
            "how_to_apply": "Check the services and use cases, send the intake form, then apply on the Qu-Pilot application site.",
            "timeline": "Results about four weeks after a cut-off and up to 16 months to the end of delivery. The home page lists the call as opening in early June 2024 and closing in September 2024; the project ended on 30 September 2026.",
            "what_you_get": "Pilot fabrication on superconducting, photonic, semiconductor and diamond platforms for computing, communication and sensing.",
            "url": "https://qu-pilot.eu/open-call/",
            "facilities": [
                "qu-pilot"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "qu-pilot-open-call",
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The last call round closed in 2024 and the project ended on 30 September 2026; the EuroHPC JU call HORIZON-JU-EUROHPC-2026-QEXP-14 funds the next pilot-production phase but is a grant call, not user access. Kept for reference.",
            "sources": [
                "qu-pilot-open-call",
                "qu-pilot-home"
            ],
            "state": "ended",
            "ended": "2026-09-30",
            "kind_label": "Pilot line or testing service",
            "scope_label": "EU-wide routes",
            "cost_label": "Funded through an open call",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Use a testbed or pilot line"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Qu-Pilot: Open call",
                    "url": "https://qu-pilot.eu/open-call/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "Qu-Pilot: home page",
                    "url": "https://qu-pilot.eu/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "jrc-euroqci-test-lab",
            "title": "JRC EuroQCI test and evaluation laboratory",
            "operator": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (Ispra)",
            "kind": "testbed",
            "scope": "eu",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "qkd_test"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Not stated on the official pages. The laboratory page says it assesses QKD-based products ahead of future certification, so manufacturers of QKD equipment are the users it describes.",
            "cost_model": "not_stated",
            "cost_text": "Not stated on the official pages.",
            "how_to_apply": "No application procedure is published; the JRC pages offer a contact form, and the JRC runs separate open-access calls for its research infrastructures.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Functional, performance, interoperability, security, environmental and certification-readiness testing of commercial and pre-commercial QKD equipment for the terrestrial EuroQCI, with other components such as random-number generators and key-management systems possibly added.",
            "url": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/what-we-do/laboratories/quantum-communications-and-sensing-laboratory_en",
            "facilities": [
                "nostradamus"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The JRC is selected to host the EuroQCI testing and evaluation laboratory, building on the NOSTRADAMUS project; the pages read give no eligibility, cost, procedure or start date for outside testing.",
            "sources": [
                "jrc-qcs-lab",
                "jrc-testing-facilities"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Testbed",
            "scope_label": "EU-wide routes",
            "cost_label": "Cost not stated on the official page",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Test QKD or EuroQCI equipment"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "JRC: Quantum Communications and Sensing Laboratory",
                    "url": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/what-we-do/laboratories/quantum-communications-and-sensing-laboratory_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "JRC: Testing facilities for space, connectivity and quantum",
                    "url": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/scientific-activities/testing-facilities-space-connectivity-and-quantum_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "hpc-portal-training",
            "title": "HPC in Europe portal: quantum training events",
            "operator": "National Competence Centres and Centres of Excellence listed on the portal",
            "kind": "training",
            "scope": "eu",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "training"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Set by each event; not stated on the portal page.",
            "cost_model": "not_stated",
            "cost_text": "Fees are not stated on the portal page; each organiser sets them.",
            "how_to_apply": "Browse the training and events listings of the portal and register with the organiser of each event.",
            "timeline": "Upcoming quantum events are listed with their dates on the portal.",
            "what_you_get": "Courses, workshops and training material on HPC and quantum computing from the National Competence Centres and Centres of Excellence.",
            "url": "https://hpc-portal.eu/",
            "facilities": [],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The portal page was read in part and does not name its operator; the EuroCC access site refused automated reading.",
            "sources": [
                "hpc-portal"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Training",
            "scope_label": "EU-wide routes",
            "cost_label": "Cost not stated on the official page",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Train staff"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "HPC in Europe portal: training and events",
                    "url": "https://hpc-portal.eu/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "partly"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "juniq-access",
            "title": "JUNIQ access to quantum computers at Jülich",
            "operator": "Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JUNIQ)",
            "kind": "national_call",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "DE"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "hpc_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Computing time projects are for scientists employed at universities or research institutions in Germany; conditions differ per system.",
            "cost_model": "peer_reviewed",
            "cost_text": "No cost is stated; time is allocated to computing time projects.",
            "how_to_apply": "Choose exploratory access or a research allocation, check the conditions of the system, and request access through the JUNIQ access pages following the call and fact sheet.",
            "timeline": "The JUPSI annealer is listed as open for applications; no cut-off dates are stated on the pages read.",
            "what_you_get": "Exploratory access to test a system and develop a use case, or a research allocation of computing time for a defined project, on the quantum systems of the JUNIQ facility.",
            "url": "https://www.fz-juelich.de/en/jsc/systems/quantum-computing/juniq-facility/access-service-and-support",
            "facilities": [
                "juniq"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "juniq-access",
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The call document and fact sheet were not read; cost and cut-offs are not stated on the pages read.",
            "sources": [
                "juniq-access",
                "juniq-systems",
                "juniq-projects"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "National access call or platform",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Forschungszentrum Jülich: Access JUNIQ quantum computing resources",
                    "url": "https://www.fz-juelich.de/en/jsc/systems/quantum-computing/juniq-facility/access-service-and-support",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "Forschungszentrum Jülich: JUNIQ available systems and access routes",
                    "url": "https://www.fz-juelich.de/en/jsc/systems/quantum-computing/juniq-facility/access-service-and-support/available-systems-and-access",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "Forschungszentrum Jülich: JUNIQ computing time projects",
                    "url": "https://www.fz-juelich.de/en/jsc/systems/supercomputers/apply-for-computing-time/juniq",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "lrz-quantum",
            "title": "LRZ quantum computing service and consulting",
            "operator": "Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ)",
            "kind": "programme",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "DE"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "hpc_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "LRZ user classes 1 to 6, which the page does not define.",
            "cost_model": "free",
            "cost_text": "Free of charge for the listed user classes, per the page.",
            "how_to_apply": "Send a service request through the LRZ service desk.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Access to and consulting on the quantum computers and simulators operated by LRZ, with documentation of the supported software and example use cases.",
            "url": "https://www.lrz.de/en/service-center/alle-lrz-services/beratung/consulting-quantum-computing",
            "facilities": [
                "lrz-qic"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "lrz-quantum-consulting",
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The user classes are not defined on the page.",
            "sources": [
                "lrz-consulting"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Programme or consulting service",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Free of charge",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "LRZ: Consulting quantum computing",
                    "url": "https://www.lrz.de/en/service-center/alle-lrz-services/beratung/consulting-quantum-computing",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "fiqci-calls",
            "title": "FiQCI calls for academic projects",
            "operator": "Finnish Quantum-Computing Infrastructure (FiQCI): VTT, Aalto University and CSC",
            "kind": "national_call",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "FI"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "hpc_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Users affiliated with a Finnish university, university of applied sciences, state-owned research institute or the National Archives of Finland; academic research only, no commercial use and no sensitive data; VTT Q50 only from within Finland.",
            "cost_model": "peer_reviewed",
            "cost_text": "No cost is stated; allocations follow evaluation on scientific merit, feasibility and the justification of resources.",
            "how_to_apply": "Submit the call application form with an abstract, the contribution, the justification of resources and references, requesting QPU time and at least one classical resource and storage.",
            "timeline": "Call 3/2026 opened on 5 August and closed on 23 August 2026, with a tentative outcome on 7 September 2026; calls are planned at least four times a year and projects typically last one year.",
            "what_you_get": "A share of the QPU hours offered per call on VTT Q50, Aalto Q20 and LUMI-Q VLQ, with the LUMI CPU, GPU and storage the quantum jobs need.",
            "url": "https://fiqci.fi/resource-call",
            "facilities": [
                "fiqci",
                "vlq"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "fiqci-calls",
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "The date of the next call is not stated.",
            "sources": [
                "fiqci-resource-call",
                "fiqci-call-2026-3"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "National access call or platform",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "FiQCI: Resource call",
                    "url": "https://fiqci.fi/resource-call",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "FiQCI: Open Call 3/2026 for Academic Projects",
                    "url": "https://fiqci.fi/publications/2026-08-05-Academic-Call-2026-03.html",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "res-quantum",
            "title": "Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES) quantum access",
            "operator": "Red Española de Supercomputación (RES)",
            "kind": "national_call",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "ES"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "hpc_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Researchers at institutions in the EU and EuroHPC Participating States doing open research, including academic and public-administration researchers and SME researchers in open R&D&I; the FAQ recommends at least one team member at a Spanish centre.",
            "cost_model": "peer_reviewed",
            "cost_text": "Free access for open research through competitive calls, per the RES FAQ; not restated for the quantum resources.",
            "how_to_apply": "Follow the quantum resources access guide and submit the common activity form through the RES intranet.",
            "timeline": "Calls every six months; the home page listed 15 September 2026 as the HPC, AI and quantum deadline. Fast-track access is described as always open for RES resources in general.",
            "what_you_get": "Time on the RES digital quantum computers and emulators.",
            "url": "https://www.res.es/en/services/access-and-calls",
            "facilities": [
                "quantum-spain-bsc"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "res-quantum",
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The quantum access guide was not read; the next deadline is not stated.",
            "sources": [
                "res-home",
                "res-access"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "National access call or platform",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES): home page",
                    "url": "https://www.res.es/en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES): Access and calls",
                    "url": "https://www.res.es/en/services/access-and-calls",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "cineca-quantum",
            "title": "CINECA quantum resources through ISCRA-C projects",
            "operator": "CINECA",
            "kind": "national_call",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "IT"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "hpc_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "D-Wave hours are for the Italian scientific community, with institutional Italian e-mail addresses; eligibility for Pasqal and the emulators is not stated.",
            "cost_model": "peer_reviewed",
            "cost_text": "No fee is mentioned; access is through ISCRA-C project applications.",
            "how_to_apply": "Submit an ISCRA-C request giving the users and the minutes per month (D-Wave) or the experiment type and shots (Pasqal); the emulators run on the CINECA HPC systems.",
            "timeline": "D-Wave requests are evaluated monthly and the service is unavailable in August; Pasqal test projects expire after six months.",
            "what_you_get": "Quantum annealing time on D-Wave Advantage, test shots on a Pasqal neutral-atom system and quantum emulators on the CINECA supercomputers.",
            "url": "https://www.quantumcomputinglab.cineca.it/en/resources/",
            "facilities": [
                "cineca-qcaas"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "cineca-qcaas",
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "Part of the page dates from 2024; confirm current availability with CINECA.",
            "sources": [
                "cineca-resources"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "National access call or platform",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "CINECA Quantum Computing Lab: Resources",
                    "url": "https://www.quantumcomputinglab.cineca.it/en/resources/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "genci-edari",
            "title": "GENCI eDARI requests for French quantum resources",
            "operator": "GENCI with CEA (TGCC)",
            "kind": "national_call",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "FR"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "hpc_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Applicants belong to or are associated with a French research structure, do research leading to publication and file an activity report; GENCI addressed the European open research community for remote access to the Quandela system.",
            "cost_model": "peer_reviewed",
            "cost_text": "Not stated on the pages read; requests are evaluated.",
            "how_to_apply": "Request time on the eDARI portal (dynamic or regular access); GENCI says CEA gives the details of the quantum application channel.",
            "timeline": "The eDARI portal shows the closing date of each regular-access session; no quantum-specific dates are given.",
            "what_you_get": "Time on the quantum partitions of the French hybrid HPC and quantum platform at TGCC, including remote access to a 12-qubit Quandela photonic system.",
            "url": "https://www.edari.fr/",
            "facilities": [
                "hqi"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "genci-edari",
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The quantum documentation of eDARI was not read; Lucy is also offered through the EuroHPC pilot-mode call.",
            "sources": [
                "edari-home",
                "genci-quandela"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "National access call or platform",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "GENCI eDARI: resource allocation requests, home page",
                    "url": "https://www.edari.fr/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                },
                {
                    "title": "GENCI: EuroQCS-France, remote access to the 12-qubit Quandela system available to European users",
                    "url": "https://www.genci.fr/actualites/euroqcs-france-remote-access-12-qubit-quandela-system-now-available-european-users",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "it4i-open-access",
            "title": "IT4Innovations open access grant competition (including VLQ)",
            "operator": "IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava",
            "kind": "national_call",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "CZ"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "hpc_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Non-commercial use by employees of research, scientific and educational organisations, applying through their institution.",
            "cost_model": "peer_reviewed",
            "cost_text": "No cost is stated; time is awarded in a competitive grant competition.",
            "how_to_apply": "Apply under the open access competition published on the IT4Innovations site.",
            "timeline": "The 38th competition was open until 27 July 2026; competitions are announced three times a year.",
            "what_you_get": "Computing resources on the Barbora NG and Karolina supercomputers, LUMI and the VLQ quantum computer.",
            "url": "https://www.e-infra.cz/en/news/38th-open-access-grant-competition-of-it4innovations",
            "facilities": [
                "vlq"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "The full call on the IT4Innovations site, with the country conditions and steps, was not read; the next round date is not stated.",
            "sources": [
                "it4i-open-access"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "National access call or platform",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Free, after evaluation of a proposal",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Get hybrid HPC and quantum computing time"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "e-INFRA CZ: 38th Open Access Grant Competition of IT4Innovations",
                    "url": "https://www.e-infra.cz/en/news/38th-open-access-grant-competition-of-it4innovations",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "wacqt-testbed",
            "title": "WACQT Quantum Technology Testbed",
            "operator": "Chalmers University of Technology, with Chalmers Next Labs",
            "kind": "testbed",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "SE"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "testbed",
                "run_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Swedish industry and academia.",
            "cost_model": "not_stated",
            "cost_text": "Not stated on the page.",
            "how_to_apply": "External users book time through the testbed administration at Chalmers Next Labs; the booking process is not described.",
            "timeline": "The page, updated in November 2025, said the hardware lab was preparing a commercial launch.",
            "what_you_get": "A hardware lab with a dilution cryostat and measurement equipment, access to the Chalmers quantum processor, a quantum helpdesk and, for partners, cloud access to IBM quantum computers.",
            "url": "https://www.chalmers.se/en/research/centres/wacqt/wacqt-quantum-technology-testbed/",
            "facilities": [
                "wacqt-testbed"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "Cost and the booking process are not stated, and some dates on the page may be out of date.",
            "sources": [
                "wacqt-testbed"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Testbed",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Cost not stated on the official page",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Use a testbed or pilot line"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Chalmers: WACQT Quantum Technology Testbed",
                    "url": "https://www.chalmers.se/en/research/centres/wacqt/wacqt-quantum-technology-testbed/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "qcined-testbeds",
            "title": "QCINed quantum communication testbeds",
            "operator": "Quantum Delta NL (QCINed)",
            "kind": "testbed",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "NL"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "qkd_test",
                "training"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Not stated; the page says the testbeds are open for testing, training and collaboration.",
            "cost_model": "not_stated",
            "cost_text": "Not stated on the page.",
            "how_to_apply": "Contact the QCINed team through the form on the page.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Testing, training and collaboration on quantum-encrypted networks, including automated QKD services in the Utrecht area and a pre-staging testbed in the Eindhoven area.",
            "url": "https://qdnl.nl/qcined",
            "facilities": [
                "qcined"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "Eligibility, cost and dates are not stated; the governmental testbed between Amsterdam and The Hague is not described as open to outside users.",
            "sources": [
                "qcined"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Testbed",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Cost not stated on the official page",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Test QKD or EuroQCI equipment",
                "Train staff"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Quantum Delta NL: QCINed",
                    "url": "https://qdnl.nl/qcined",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "quct-nl",
            "title": "QuCT NL quantum communication testbed",
            "operator": "Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e)",
            "kind": "testbed",
            "scope": "national",
            "countries": [
                "NL"
            ],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "qkd_test"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Industry, research and academia working on QKD and quantum-safe communication.",
            "cost_model": "not_stated",
            "cost_text": "Not stated on the page.",
            "how_to_apply": "Not stated; the announcement invites organisations to collaborate with the testbed team at TU/e.",
            "timeline": "Launched on 26 August 2025; validation and certification services are planned, without a date.",
            "what_you_get": "Testing and verification of QKD systems, including integration with network encryptors, evaluation of quantum-safe protocols and deployment options, and demonstrations of network scenarios.",
            "url": "https://www.tue.nl/en/news-and-events/news-overview/16-09-2025-tue-launches-quantum-communication-testbed-quct-nl-to-secure-the-future-of-digital-infrastructure",
            "facilities": [
                "quct-nl"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "partly",
            "verification_note": "Read from the launch announcement; how to apply and cost are not stated.",
            "sources": [
                "quct-nl"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Testbed",
            "scope_label": "National routes",
            "cost_label": "Cost not stated on the official page",
            "verification_label": "Partly verified: some details could not be read",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Test QKD or EuroQCI equipment"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "TU/e: TU/e launches quantum communication testbed QuCT NL (16 September 2025)",
                    "url": "https://www.tue.nl/en/news-and-events/news-overview/16-09-2025-tue-launches-quantum-communication-testbed-quct-nl-to-secure-the-future-of-digital-infrastructure",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-inspire",
            "title": "Quantum Inspire",
            "operator": "QuTech (TU Delft and TNO)",
            "kind": "cloud",
            "scope": "provider",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc",
                "training"
            ],
            "eligibility": "No criteria are listed; the platform presents itself as quantum computing for everybody.",
            "cost_model": "free",
            "cost_text": "Registration is free; no prices are given.",
            "how_to_apply": "Sign up through the Get started link to the Quantum Inspire portal.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Online access to superconducting transmon QPUs, a neutral-atom emulator, simulators, project storage and hybrid classical and quantum computing.",
            "url": "https://www.quantum-inspire.com/",
            "facilities": [
                "quantum-inspire"
            ],
            "catalogue_route": "quantum-inspire",
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "Usage limits are not stated.",
            "sources": [
                "qi-home"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Cloud service of a European provider",
            "scope_label": "Cloud services of European providers",
            "cost_label": "Free of charge",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer",
                "Train staff"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Quantum Inspire: home page",
                    "url": "https://www.quantum-inspire.com/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "iqm-resonance",
            "title": "IQM Resonance",
            "operator": "IQM Quantum Computers",
            "kind": "cloud",
            "scope": "provider",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Not stated on the product page.",
            "cost_model": "mixed",
            "cost_text": "A free starter plan with limited monthly use, pay-as-you-go billing per second and reserved capacity on quote.",
            "how_to_apply": "Sign up for free on the Resonance site.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Cloud access to IQM superconducting QPUs.",
            "url": "https://www.iqm.tech/products/iqm-resonance/",
            "facilities": [],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "The product page gives two different limits for the free plan; check the current plan before relying on it.",
            "sources": [
                "iqm-resonance"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Cloud service of a European provider",
            "scope_label": "Cloud services of European providers",
            "cost_label": "Free tier and paid plans",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "IQM: IQM Resonance",
                    "url": "https://www.iqm.tech/products/iqm-resonance/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "pasqal-cloud",
            "title": "Pasqal Cloud",
            "operator": "Pasqal",
            "kind": "cloud",
            "scope": "provider",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "Open to everyone for the free Explorer plan; an Academic plan for academics, researchers and students and a Premium plan for enterprises.",
            "cost_model": "mixed",
            "cost_text": "Explorer is free (emulators only); Academic and Premium are priced on demand; pay-as-you-go through Google Cloud.",
            "how_to_apply": "Sign up on the Pasqal Cloud portal, contact Pasqal for the Academic or Premium plan, or use pay-as-you-go through Google Cloud Marketplace.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Emulators and, on the paid and academic plans, a neutral-atom QPU.",
            "url": "https://www.pasqal.com/solutions/cloud/",
            "facilities": [],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "No prices are published for the Academic, Premium or pay-as-you-go plans.",
            "sources": [
                "pasqal-cloud"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Cloud service of a European provider",
            "scope_label": "Cloud services of European providers",
            "cost_label": "Free tier and paid plans",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Pasqal: Pasqal Cloud",
                    "url": "https://www.pasqal.com/solutions/cloud/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "alice-bob-felis",
            "title": "Alice & Bob Felis Cloud",
            "operator": "Alice & Bob",
            "kind": "cloud",
            "scope": "provider",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "A subscription through Google Cloud Marketplace; no other criteria are stated.",
            "cost_model": "mixed",
            "cost_text": "One free hour a month each on the QPU and on the emulators, then hourly prices published on the page, with custom pricing for larger volumes.",
            "how_to_apply": "Subscribe through the Felis Cloud listing on Google Cloud Marketplace.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Circuits on a cat-qubit chip or on physical and logical cat-qubit emulators.",
            "url": "https://felis.alice-bob.com/docs/felis_cloud/about_felis_cloud/",
            "facilities": [],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "Check the hardware availability schedule: the QPU can be offline for maintenance.",
            "sources": [
                "felis-cloud"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Cloud service of a European provider",
            "scope_label": "Cloud services of European providers",
            "cost_label": "Free tier and paid plans",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "Alice & Bob: About Felis Cloud",
                    "url": "https://felis.alice-bob.com/docs/felis_cloud/about_felis_cloud/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "aqt-arnica",
            "title": "AQT ARNICA cloud access",
            "operator": "Alpine Quantum Technologies (AQT)",
            "kind": "cloud",
            "scope": "provider",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "European and international researchers, public institutions and industry; no specific criteria.",
            "cost_model": "paid",
            "cost_text": "Pay-as-you-go per circuit and per shot in set weekly windows, or exclusive reservation by the hour, at the prices on the page; partner platforms charge their own prices.",
            "how_to_apply": "Contact AQT sales to buy ARNICA resources, or use one of the partner platforms named on the page.",
            "timeline": "Onboarding is stated as taking less than a day.",
            "what_you_get": "API and SDK access (Qiskit, Cirq, pytket) to a trapped-ion quantum computer.",
            "url": "https://www.aqt.eu/products/arnica/",
            "facilities": [],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": null,
            "sources": [
                "aqt-arnica"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Cloud service of a European provider",
            "scope_label": "Cloud services of European providers",
            "cost_label": "Paid",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "AQT: ARNICA",
                    "url": "https://www.aqt.eu/products/arnica/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": "ovhcloud-quantum",
            "title": "OVHcloud quantum computing",
            "operator": "OVHcloud",
            "kind": "cloud",
            "scope": "provider",
            "countries": [],
            "audiences": [
                "researcher",
                "sme",
                "large_company",
                "public_body"
            ],
            "needs": [
                "run_qc"
            ],
            "eligibility": "An OVHcloud customer account; the Public Cloud trial voucher is for accounts that never created a Public Cloud project.",
            "cost_model": "paid",
            "cost_text": "Pay-as-you-go; QPUs are billed on actual compute time. A one-month Public Cloud trial voucher exists for standard services.",
            "how_to_apply": "Create a Public Cloud project and launch a preconfigured notebook from the product page.",
            "timeline": null,
            "what_you_get": "Emulators in notebooks and access to superconducting, trapped-ion and photonic QPUs.",
            "url": "https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/quantum-computing/",
            "facilities": [],
            "catalogue_route": null,
            "verification": "verified",
            "verification_note": "QPU rates are on the prices page, not read; whether the trial voucher covers QPU use is not stated.",
            "sources": [
                "ovh-quantum"
            ],
            "state": "current",
            "ended": null,
            "kind_label": "Cloud service of a European provider",
            "scope_label": "Cloud services of European providers",
            "cost_label": "Paid",
            "verification_label": "Verified against the official page",
            "audience_labels": [
                "Researcher at a university or research organisation",
                "Start-up or SME",
                "Large company",
                "Public body or administration"
            ],
            "need_labels": [
                "Run on a quantum computer"
            ],
            "source_pages": [
                {
                    "title": "OVHcloud: Quantum computing",
                    "url": "https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/quantum-computing/",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-26",
                    "read": "full"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "benchmarks": [
        {
            "id": "qedc-app-benchmarks",
            "why": "Application-oriented circuits run the same way across gate-based machines, so results from different access routes can be compared."
        },
        {
            "id": "supermarq",
            "why": "Scalable application benchmarks with a scoring method, installable as a Python package."
        },
        {
            "id": "mqt-bench",
            "why": "The same algorithms at several abstraction levels and for several hardware targets, from a European maintainer."
        },
        {
            "id": "quark",
            "why": "An open-source framework for application-level benchmarking that runs the same application on different backends."
        }
    ],
    "left_out": [
        {
            "name": "EuroHPC JU benchmark, development, regular and extreme-scale access for quantum",
            "reason": "These modes do not exist for quantum computers: the quantum access calls page lists only the pilot mode, and the classical access modes do not mention quantum (read 26 October 2026)."
        },
        {
            "name": "EuroHPC AI Factories access (Playground, Fast Lane, Large Scale)",
            "reason": "GPU access for AI; the access-modes page does not mention quantum or hybrid HPC and quantum computing."
        },
        {
            "name": "EuroHPC JU call HORIZON-JU-EUROHPC-2026-QEXP-14 (quantum experimental pilot lines)",
            "reason": "A grant call to build pilot lines (deadline 17 November 2026), not access for users; see the funding pages of the portal."
        },
        {
            "name": "Chips JU quantum pilot lines (SUPREME, P4Q, DIREQT, SPINS, Q-PLANET, CHAMP-ION)",
            "reason": "No official page publishing an access route or open call for outside users was found; they stay in the infrastructure catalogue."
        },
        {
            "name": "EuroHPC Quantum Excellence Centres (QEX, QEC4QEA)",
            "reason": "The EuroHPC pages describe support and training but no user access procedure, cost or eligibility."
        },
        {
            "name": "DLR QCI Connect",
            "reason": "Its FAQ says only DLR QCI projects have access for now."
        },
        {
            "name": "PlanQK platform",
            "reason": "The official site could not be reached on 26 October 2026, so nothing could be verified."
        },
        {
            "name": "Quandela Cloud",
            "reason": "The official pages could not be read on 26 October 2026."
        },
        {
            "name": "Qilimanjaro SpeQtrum",
            "reason": "In beta: the access page says it is coming soon."
        },
        {
            "name": "LUMI call for Czech researchers (VLQ)",
            "reason": "The call page states no application procedure and its deadline (1 April 2026) has passed; the IT4Innovations competition is listed instead."
        },
        {
            "name": "TNO quantum testing hub",
            "reason": "No access terms were read for this guide; see its entry in the infrastructure catalogue."
        }
    ]
}