{
    "title": "Investor view: announced funding rounds of European quantum companies",
    "notice": "Information only, not investment advice. This view does not rate, score or recommend any company or investor. Figures are as published by the sources named, with their dates; missing evidence is shown as not covered, never as a low value.",
    "status": "available",
    "compiled": "2026-10-23",
    "filters": [],
    "totals": {
        "lines": [
            {
                "currency": "EUR",
                "sum": 875100000,
                "rounds": 13,
                "lower_bound": true
            },
            {
                "currency": "USD",
                "sum": 873000000,
                "rounds": 8,
                "lower_bound": false
            },
            {
                "currency": "GBP",
                "sum": 260000000,
                "rounds": 1,
                "lower_bound": false
            }
        ],
        "left_out": {
            "undisclosed": 2,
            "not_closed": 10,
            "not_investment": 2,
            "included_elsewhere": 1
        }
    },
    "totals_method": "Closed, disclosed investment rounds only, one line per currency; acquisitions, listings, targets, commitments, selections and amounts included in a later cumulative figure are left out and counted by reason.",
    "rounds": [
        {
            "id": "qilimanjaro-2026-10-capital-increase",
            "company": "Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech",
            "company_id": "qilimanjaro",
            "date": "2026-10-14",
            "type": "Equity round (no series named)",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 19600000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "ampliación de capital de 19,6 millones de euros",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "SETT (Sociedad Española para la Transformación Tecnológica)",
                "Indra Group"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://digital.gob.es/comunicacion/notas-prensa/mtdfp/2026/10/la-sett-invierte-9-6-millones-en-la-empresa-espanola-qilimanjaro",
                    "publisher": "Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública (Spain)",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "First body paragraph (SETT invests EUR 9.6 million) and second paragraph (capital increase of EUR 19.6 million)"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "A public-private capital increase; SETT invested EUR 9.6 million of it. Other investors are not named."
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-motion-2026-09-series-c-second-close",
            "company": "Quantum Motion",
            "company_id": "quantum-motion",
            "date": "2026-09-03",
            "type": "Extension or further close",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [
                "DCVC",
                "Kembara"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "DCVC",
                "Kembara",
                "imec.ventures",
                "Lansdowne Partners",
                "Sony Innovation Fund",
                "S3 Ventures",
                "Inkef"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://quantummotion.com/quantum-motion-secures-additional-investment-to-accelerate-scalable-silicon-quantum-computing/",
                    "publisher": "Quantum Motion",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Second body paragraph, beginning \"This second close of the series C round\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Second close of the Series C; no amount stated."
        },
        {
            "id": "multiverse-2026-07-series-c",
            "company": "Multiverse Computing",
            "company_id": "multiverse-computing",
            "date": "2026-07-27",
            "type": "Series C",
            "status": "Announced target, not closed",
            "amount": 500000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "Series C Fundraising Targeting up to $570M (€500M)",
            "qualifier": "up_to",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Forgepoint Capital International",
                "BNP Paribas Solar Impulse Venture Fund (BNPP SIVF)",
                "Bullhound Capital"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Forgepoint Capital International",
                "BNP Paribas Solar Impulse Venture Fund (BNPP SIVF)",
                "Bullhound Capital",
                "Santander (Santander Climate VC, Santander Alternative Investments)",
                "Tikehau Capital",
                "HP Tech Ventures and HP Inc.",
                "Orange Ventures",
                "Scania Invest",
                "NAventures (National Bank of Canada)",
                "Qatar Development Bank",
                "Zouk Capital",
                "SETT (Sociedad Española para la Transformación Tecnológica)",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Capital Riesgo de Euskadi - Grupo SPRI (including the Hazten Scale-Up Fund)",
                "Kutxa Fundazioa"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://multiversecomputing.com/resources/multiverse-computing-announces-series-c-fundraising-targeting-up-to-usd570m-eur500m-to-power",
                    "publisher": "Multiverse Computing",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Dateline paragraph, San Sebastian, 27 July 2026"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://multiversecomputing.com/resources/qatar-development-bank-invests-in-multiverse-computing-europe-s-newest-ai-unicorn",
                    "publisher": "Multiverse Computing",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "First body paragraph (Doha, 4 August 2026); investor amount not disclosed"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "A target, not a closed amount: the release says the round may remain open. Never counted in totals."
        },
        {
            "id": "iqm-2026-07-listing",
            "company": "IQM Quantum Computers",
            "company_id": "iqm",
            "date": "2026-07-01",
            "type": "Stock market listing",
            "status": "Completed",
            "amount": 127700000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "aggregate purchase price of EUR 127.7 million (USD 145.5 million) of the PIPE concurrent with the business combination",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://iqm.tech/press-releases/iqm-quantum-computers-and-real-asset-acquisition-corp-complete-the-combination-trading-in-iqms-adss-and-iqm-warrants-on-nasdaq-stock-market-llc-commences-on-july-2-2026/",
                    "publisher": "IQM Quantum Computers",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Paragraphs beginning \"Concurrently with the Business Combination\" and \"In total\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [
                "iqm-2026-06-pipe"
            ],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Business combination with Real Asset Acquisition Corp. completed; ADSs trade on Nasdaq as IQMX from 2 July 2026. The release states net proceeds of approximately EUR 198.7 million (USD 233.5 million). The PIPE investors are not named."
        },
        {
            "id": "quobly-2026-06-series-a",
            "company": "Quobly",
            "company_id": "quobly",
            "date": "2026-06-03",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 115000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "€115 million Series A",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Bpifrance",
                "SEALSQ",
                "STMicroelectronics"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Bpifrance",
                "SEALSQ",
                "STMicroelectronics",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Blast",
                "ALIAD (Air Liquide Venture Capital)",
                "Innovacom"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/release/202606030277",
                    "publisher": "Quobly (release distributed by Kyodo News PR Wire)",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Second paragraph, first bullet, beginning \"The round is led by Bpifrance\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "oqc-2026-06-series-c",
            "company": "Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC)",
            "company_id": "oxford-quantum-circuits",
            "date": "2026-06-03",
            "type": "Series C",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 260000000,
            "currency": "GBP",
            "amount_as_announced": "an oversubscribed £260 million ($350m) Series C funding round",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Bullhound Capital"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Bullhound Capital",
                "British Business Bank",
                "Fynveur",
                "COFIDES",
                "RCM Private Markets Fund",
                "Alpha Edison",
                "Fulcrum Asset Management",
                "Pentland Ventures",
                "Magdalen College Oxford",
                "Adaptive Capital Partners",
                "Firgun Ventures",
                "18 West",
                "Oxford Capital",
                "Oxford Science Enterprises",
                "SBI Investment",
                "Chevron Technology Ventures",
                "University of Tokyo Edge Capital Partners (UTEC)",
                "OTIF Ventures"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://oqc.tech/company/newsroom/series-c",
                    "publisher": "Oxford Quantum Circuits",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "First and second paragraphs of the release (dateline 3 June 2026)"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "iqm-2026-06-pipe",
            "company": "IQM Quantum Computers",
            "company_id": "iqm",
            "date": "2026-06-02",
            "type": "Private investment in public equity (PIPE)",
            "status": "Committed, not yet drawn",
            "amount": 146000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "total PIPE commitments ... to over USD 146 million",
            "qualifier": "at_least",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "Ilmarinen"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://iqm.tech/press-releases/iqm-a-global-leader-in-quantum-computing-and-real-asset-acquisition-corp-announce-upsized-usd-146-million-pipe-with-new-commitment-from-ilmarinen/",
                    "publisher": "IQM Quantum Computers",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Second summary bullet under the headline"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Private investment in public equity committed for the business combination with Real Asset Acquisition Corp.; only the new investor is named."
        },
        {
            "id": "alice-bob-2026-05-series-b-extension",
            "company": "Alice & Bob",
            "company_id": "alice-bob",
            "date": "2026-05-22",
            "type": "Extension or further close",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "NVentures (NVIDIA)"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://alice-bob.com/newsroom/alice-bob-announces-series-b-extension/",
                    "publisher": "Alice & Bob",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Paragraph beginning \"The investment supports\", second sentence"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Extension of the Series B; financial details not disclosed."
        },
        {
            "id": "orange-qs-2026-05-seed",
            "company": "Orange Quantum Systems",
            "company_id": "orange-quantum-systems",
            "date": "2026-05-20",
            "type": "Seed",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 12000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "an oversubscribed €12 million seed round",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Icecat Capital"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Icecat Capital",
                "Cottonwood Technology Fund",
                "QBeat Ventures",
                "QDNL Participations",
                "InnovationQuarter Capital"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.innovationquarter.nl/en/updates/orange-quantum-systems-raises-12m-to-scale-quantum-chip-testing/",
                    "publisher": "InnovationQuarter",
                    "kind": "investor",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "First body paragraph; paragraph beginning \"The round was led by Icecat Capital\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Date as shown on the InnovationQuarter page; not confirmed by a second source read."
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-motion-2026-05-series-c",
            "company": "Quantum Motion",
            "company_id": "quantum-motion",
            "date": "2026-05-07",
            "type": "Series C",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 160000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "a $160 million Series C round",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "DCVC",
                "Kembara"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "DCVC",
                "Kembara",
                "British Business Bank",
                "Firgun Ventures",
                "Oxford Science Enterprises",
                "Inkef",
                "Bosch Ventures",
                "Porsche Automobil Holding SE",
                "Parkwalk Advisors"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://quantummotion.com/quantum-motion-raises-160-million-series-c-to-deliver-quantum-computings-transistor-moment/",
                    "publisher": "Quantum Motion",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph, London, 7 May 2026; paragraph beginning \"Alongside the new investors\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "quantware-2026-05-series-b",
            "company": "QuantWare",
            "company_id": "quantware",
            "date": "2026-05-05",
            "type": "Series B",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 178000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "$178 million (€152 million) Series B equity funding",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "Intel Capital",
                "In-Q-Tel (IQT)",
                "ETF Partners",
                "FORWARD.one",
                "Invest-NL (including its Deep Tech Fund)",
                "InnovationQuarter Capital",
                "Ground State Ventures",
                "Graduate Ventures"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://quantware.com/news/quantware-raises-178-million",
                    "publisher": "QuantWare",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Dateline paragraph, Delft, 5 May 2026; paragraph beginning \"New investors joining the round include\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "No lead investor is named in the release."
        },
        {
            "id": "quantware-2026-04-eic-step-selected",
            "company": "QuantWare",
            "company_id": "quantware",
            "date": "2026-04-27",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Selected, subject to due diligence",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/eight-european-startups-set-receive-scale-funding-eic-under-step-scale-scheme-2026-04-27_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "List of the eight companies; EUR 146.5 million of equity combined, no per-company figure"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-step-quantware-2026"
            ],
            "note": "Put forward for an EIC Fund investment decision under EIC STEP Scale Up, subject to due diligence."
        },
        {
            "id": "alice-bob-2026-04-eic-step-selected",
            "company": "Alice & Bob",
            "company_id": "alice-bob",
            "date": "2026-04-27",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Selected, subject to due diligence",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/eight-european-startups-set-receive-scale-funding-eic-under-step-scale-scheme-2026-04-27_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "List of the eight companies; EUR 146.5 million of equity combined, no per-company figure"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-step-alice-bob-2026"
            ],
            "note": "Put forward for an EIC Fund investment decision under EIC STEP Scale Up, subject to due diligence."
        },
        {
            "id": "pasqal-2026-03-private-round",
            "company": "Pasqal",
            "company_id": "pasqal",
            "date": "2026-03-04",
            "type": "Equity round (no series named)",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 170000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "EUR 170 million private funding round",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "Parkway",
                "Quanta Computer",
                "LG Electronics",
                "CMA CGM",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Temasek",
                "Saudi Aramco Entrepreneurship Ventures",
                "ISAI"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pasqal.com/newsroom/pasqal-is-entering-a-new-phase-of-development-with-new-financing-expected-of-at-least-e340-million-in-anticipation-of-its-public-listing/",
                    "publisher": "Pasqal",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph; paragraph beginning \"The funding round brings together\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "No lead investor is stated. A separate instrument from the committed convertible financing of about EUR 170 million announced in the same release (next entry): together they make the \"at least EUR 340 million\" of its headline, so this is not a duplicate (checked against the release on 27 October 2026). The release calls it a private funding round; \"equity\" is the portal's classification. Announced ahead of a planned listing."
        },
        {
            "id": "pasqal-2026-03-convertible",
            "company": "Pasqal",
            "company_id": "pasqal",
            "date": "2026-03-04",
            "type": "Convertible financing",
            "status": "Committed, not yet drawn",
            "amount": 170000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "committed convertible financing of approximatively EUR 170 million (USD200 million)",
            "qualifier": "approximately",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.pasqal.com/newsroom/pasqal-is-entering-a-new-phase-of-development-with-new-financing-expected-of-at-least-e340-million-in-anticipation-of-its-public-listing/",
                    "publisher": "Pasqal",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Committed, not drawn; the provider is not named in the release. A separate instrument from the EUR 170 million private funding round of the same release (previous entry), not the same money."
        },
        {
            "id": "nu-quantum-2025-12-series-a",
            "company": "Nu Quantum",
            "company_id": "nu-quantum",
            "date": "2025-12-10",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 60000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "$60 million",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "National Grid Partners"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "National Grid Partners",
                "Gresham House Ventures",
                "Morpheus Ventures",
                "Amadeus Capital Partners",
                "IQ Capital",
                "Ahren Capital",
                "Cambridge Enterprise Ventures",
                "East Innovate",
                "National Security Strategic Investment Fund (NSSIF)",
                "Sumitomo (Presidio Ventures)"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cambridgenetwork.co.uk/news/nu-quantum-raises-60m-series-largest-financing-round-quantum-computer-networking",
                    "publisher": "Nu Quantum (release posted on Cambridge Network)",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "First body paragraph, Cambridge and Los Angeles, 10 December 2025"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "iqm-2025-11-eic-step-finalised",
            "company": "IQM Quantum Computers",
            "company_id": "iqm",
            "date": "2025-11-24",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Investment finalised",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/first-eic-step-scale-investments-disbursed-2025-11-24_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph: the first two finalised investments, no amounts"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-fund-iqm-step-scale-up-2025"
            ],
            "note": "One of the first two STEP Scale Up equity investments the EIC Fund finalised; no amount stated."
        },
        {
            "id": "quandela-2025-11-eic-step-selected",
            "company": "Quandela",
            "company_id": "quandela",
            "date": "2025-11-19",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Selected, subject to due diligence",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/new-scale-investments-under-eic-step-scale-scheme-2025-11-19_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "List of the eight companies; EUR 171 million of equity combined, no per-company figure"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-step-quandela-2025"
            ],
            "note": "Proposed for an EIC Fund investment under EIC STEP Scale Up, subject to due diligence."
        },
        {
            "id": "qphox-2025-11-eic-step-selected",
            "company": "QphoX",
            "company_id": "qphox",
            "date": "2025-11-19",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Selected, subject to due diligence",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/new-scale-investments-under-eic-step-scale-scheme-2025-11-19_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "List of the eight companies; EUR 171 million of equity combined, no per-company figure"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-step-qphox-2025"
            ],
            "note": "Proposed for an EIC Fund investment under EIC STEP Scale Up, subject to due diligence."
        },
        {
            "id": "oxford-ionics-2025-09-acquisition",
            "company": "Oxford Ionics",
            "company_id": "oxford-ionics",
            "date": "2025-09-17",
            "type": "Acquisition",
            "status": "Completed",
            "amount": 1075000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "$1.075 billion transaction: $1.065 billion in IonQ stock and around $10 million in cash, subject to adjustments",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "IonQ"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "IonQ"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://ionq.com/news/ionq-completes-acquisition-of-oxford-ionics-rapidly-accelerating-its-quantum",
                    "publisher": "IonQ",
                    "kind": "acquirer",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph: completion of the acquisition (no price stated)"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://www.eenewseurope.com/en/ionq-to-acquire-oxford-ionics-in-1-075b-quantum-computing-deal/",
                    "publisher": "eeNews Europe",
                    "kind": "press",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph and first paragraph under \"Combining complementary strengths\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "An acquisition, not an investment round: never added to round totals. The price comes from press because the agreement release could not be read on ionq.com."
        },
        {
            "id": "iqm-2025-09-series-b",
            "company": "IQM Quantum Computers",
            "company_id": "iqm",
            "date": "2025-09-03",
            "type": "Series B",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 320000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "$320 Million (€275 Million) in venture capital",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Ten Eleven Ventures"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Ten Eleven Ventures",
                "Tesi",
                "Elo Mutual Pension Insurance",
                "Varma Mutual Pension Insurance",
                "Companies of Schwarz Group",
                "Winbond Electronics Corporation",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Bayern Kapital"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.iqm.tech/?p=13736",
                    "publisher": "IQM Quantum Computers",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Dateline paragraph, Espoo, 3 September 2025; investor paragraph"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "The headline says over $300 million. IQM names the EIC among the investors; the EIC Fund finalised a STEP Scale Up investment in IQM in November 2025 (separate entry, no amount)."
        },
        {
            "id": "phasecraft-2025-09-series-b",
            "company": "Phasecraft",
            "company_id": "phasecraft",
            "date": "2025-09-02",
            "type": "Series B",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 34000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "$34 million",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Plural",
                "Playground Global",
                "Novo Holdings (including its Quantum Fund)"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Plural",
                "Playground Global",
                "Novo Holdings (including its Quantum Fund)",
                "AlbionVC",
                "Latitude",
                "Parkwalk Advisors"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://albion.vc/spotlight/news/phasecraft-raises-34m-to-bring-quantum-computing-closer-to-real-world-impact/",
                    "publisher": "AlbionVC",
                    "kind": "investor",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "quix-2025-07-series-a",
            "company": "QuiX Quantum",
            "company_id": "quix-quantum",
            "date": "2025-07-10",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 15000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "secured €15 million in Series A funding",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Invest-NL (including its Deep Tech Fund)",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Invest-NL (including its Deep Tech Fund)",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "PhotonVentures",
                "Oost NL",
                "FORWARD.one"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.quixquantum.com/news/quix-quantum-series-a",
                    "publisher": "QuiX Quantum",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph, 10 July 2025"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "multiverse-2025-06-series-b",
            "company": "Multiverse Computing",
            "company_id": "multiverse-computing",
            "date": "2025-06-12",
            "type": "Series B",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 189000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "189 million euros ($215 million)",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Bullhound Capital"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Bullhound Capital",
                "HP Tech Ventures and HP Inc.",
                "SETT (Sociedad Española para la Transformación Tecnológica)",
                "Forgepoint Capital International",
                "CDP Venture Capital",
                "Santander (Santander Climate VC, Santander Alternative Investments)",
                "Quantonation",
                "Toshiba",
                "Capital Riesgo de Euskadi - Grupo SPRI (including the Hazten Scale-Up Fund)"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/eismea/items/888147",
                    "publisher": "European Commission (EISMEA newsroom, reposting CE Noticias Financieras)",
                    "kind": "press",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Article body: amount, lead and participants"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Reputable press via an official repost: the company press release was not found on its site."
        },
        {
            "id": "multiverse-2025-06-eic-step-selected",
            "company": "Multiverse Computing",
            "company_id": "multiverse-computing",
            "date": "2025-06-12",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Selected, subject to due diligence",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/new-companies-put-forward-major-investments-under-eic-step-scale-scheme-2025-06-12_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "List of the four companies; up to EUR 90 million of equity in total, no per-company figure"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-step-multiverse-computing-2025"
            ],
            "note": "Put forward for an EIC Fund investment decision under EIC STEP Scale Up, subject to due diligence."
        },
        {
            "id": "sparrow-2025-04-series-a",
            "company": "Sparrow Quantum",
            "company_id": "sparrow-quantum",
            "date": "2025-04-10",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 21500000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "21.5 million Euro",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "PensionDanmark"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "PensionDanmark",
                "EIFO (Export and Investment Fund of Denmark)",
                "Novo Holdings (including its Quantum Fund)",
                "2xN",
                "LIFTT",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eifo.dk/en/knowledge-hub/eifo-invests-in-leading-quantum-chip-company",
                    "publisher": "EIFO",
                    "kind": "investor",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Paragraph beginning \"The investment round was led by PensionDanmark\" and the paragraph before it"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "pasqal-2025-04-eic-step-selected",
            "company": "Pasqal",
            "company_id": "pasqal",
            "date": "2025-04-03",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Selected, subject to due diligence",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/first-companies-put-forward-major-investments-under-eic-step-scale-scheme-2025-04-03_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "List of the seven companies put forward; scheme range of EUR 10 to 30 million per company"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-step-pasqal-2025"
            ],
            "note": "Put forward for an EIC Fund investment decision under EIC STEP Scale Up, subject to due diligence."
        },
        {
            "id": "iqm-2025-04-eic-step-selected",
            "company": "IQM Quantum Computers",
            "company_id": "iqm",
            "date": "2025-04-03",
            "type": "Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up)",
            "status": "Selected, subject to due diligence",
            "amount": null,
            "currency": null,
            "amount_as_announced": "undisclosed",
            "qualifier": null,
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://eic.ec.europa.eu/news/first-companies-put-forward-major-investments-under-eic-step-scale-scheme-2025-04-03_en",
                    "publisher": "European Innovation Council",
                    "kind": "official",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "List of the seven companies put forward; scheme range of EUR 10 to 30 million per company"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-fund-iqm-step-scale-up-2025"
            ],
            "note": "Put forward for an EIC Fund investment decision under EIC STEP Scale Up, subject to due diligence."
        },
        {
            "id": "alice-bob-2025-01-series-b",
            "company": "Alice & Bob",
            "company_id": "alice-bob",
            "date": "2025-01-28",
            "type": "Series B",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 100000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "a fundraising of €100 million",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Future French Champions",
                "AVP (AXA Venture Partners)",
                "Bpifrance"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Future French Champions",
                "AVP (AXA Venture Partners)",
                "Bpifrance",
                "Supernova Invest",
                "Elaia",
                "Breega",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://supernovainvest.com/?p=3515",
                    "publisher": "Supernova Invest",
                    "kind": "investor",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "First body paragraph; paragraph beginning \"All Series A investors\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-brilliance-2025-01-series-a",
            "company": "Quantum Brilliance",
            "company_id": "quantum-brilliance",
            "date": "2025-01-15",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 20000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "USD $20 million",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "Main Sequence",
                "In-Q-Tel (IQT)",
                "Intervalley Ventures",
                "National Reconstruction Fund Corporation",
                "Breakthrough Victoria",
                "Alium Capital Management",
                "Investible",
                "Jelix Ventures"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://quantumbrilliance.com/?p=492",
                    "publisher": "Quantum Brilliance",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "First two body paragraphs, Sydney, 15 January 2025"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Raised by the Australian parent company; no lead investor is named."
        },
        {
            "id": "riverlane-2024-08-series-c",
            "company": "Riverlane",
            "company_id": "riverlane",
            "date": "2024-08-05",
            "type": "Series C",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 75000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "has raised $75 million",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Planet First Partners"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Planet First Partners",
                "ETF Partners",
                "EDBI",
                "Cambridge Innovation Capital",
                "Amadeus Capital Partners",
                "National Security Strategic Investment Fund (NSSIF)",
                "Altair"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.cic.vc/uks-riverlane-scores-75m-to-correct-quantum-errors/",
                    "publisher": "TechCrunch, republished by Cambridge Innovation Capital",
                    "kind": "press",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Article body: amount, round, lead and participants"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "Reputable press republished by an investor: riverlane.com answered HTTP 403."
        },
        {
            "id": "planqc-2024-07-series-a",
            "company": "planqc",
            "company_id": "planqc",
            "date": "2024-07-08",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 50000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "€50 million in Series-A venture-capital funding",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "CATRON Holding",
                "DeepTech & Climate Fonds (DTCF)"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "CATRON Holding",
                "DeepTech & Climate Fonds (DTCF)",
                "Bayern Kapital",
                "Max-Planck Foundation",
                "UVC Partners",
                "Speedinvest"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.munich-quantum-valley.de/news-events/detail/planqc-secures-eur50-million-euros-in-series-a-funding",
                    "publisher": "Munich Quantum Valley",
                    "kind": "ecosystem",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Second body paragraph, beginning \"As announced today\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "The round includes a non-dilutive grant of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); no split is stated."
        },
        {
            "id": "qblox-2024-06-series-a",
            "company": "Qblox",
            "company_id": "qblox",
            "date": "2024-06-20",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 26000000,
            "currency": "USD",
            "amount_as_announced": "$26 million in investment",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Quantonation",
                "Invest-NL (including its Deep Tech Fund)"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Quantonation",
                "Invest-NL (including its Deep Tech Fund)",
                "QDNL Participations",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://yesdelft.com/news/qblox-secures-series-a-funding-to-accelerate-quantum-control-stack-development/",
                    "publisher": "YES!Delft",
                    "kind": "ecosystem",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Lead paragraph"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "multiverse-2024-03-series-a",
            "company": "Multiverse Computing",
            "company_id": "multiverse-computing",
            "date": "2024-03-05",
            "type": "Series A",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 25000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "€25M (USD $27.1 million) oversubscribed investment round",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Columbus Venture Partners"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Columbus Venture Partners",
                "Quantonation",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Redstone QAI Quantum Fund",
                "Indi Partners"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://multiversecomputing.com/resources/multiverse-computing-raises-oversubscribed-eur25-million-series-a-investment-round-to-advance",
                    "publisher": "Multiverse Computing",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Dateline paragraph, San Sebastián, 5 March 2024; paragraph beginning \"The round was led by\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "The subheading names Columbus Venture Partners and Quantonation as leads; the body names Columbus as lead, which is used here."
        },
        {
            "id": "qphox-2024-01-financing",
            "company": "QphoX",
            "company_id": "qphox",
            "date": "2024-01-17",
            "type": "Equity round (no series named)",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 8000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "an €8 million funding round",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "QDNL Participations"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "QDNL Participations",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Quantonation",
                "Speedinvest",
                "High-Tech Gründerfonds",
                "Delft Enterprises"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.tudelft.nl/2024/tnw/qphox-raises-eur8m-to-bring-quantum-modem-technology-to-market-building-towards-the-quantum-internet",
                    "publisher": "TU Delft",
                    "kind": "ecosystem",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening summary and paragraph beginning \"The round was led by QDNL Participations\""
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": ""
        },
        {
            "id": "quandela-2023-11-financing",
            "company": "Quandela",
            "company_id": "quandela",
            "date": "2023-11-07",
            "type": "Equity round (no series named)",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 50000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "over €50 million from investors",
            "qualifier": "at_least",
            "lead_investors": [],
            "investors": [
                "Serena",
                "Crédit Mutuel Innovation",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Bpifrance",
                "OMNES Capital",
                "Quantonation"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.quandela.com/newsroom-posts/quandela-secures-e50-million-to-support-international-expansion/",
                    "publisher": "Quandela",
                    "kind": "company",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Lead paragraph and dateline paragraph, Paris, 7 November 2023"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [],
            "note": "The amount includes the French government (France 2030) and unnamed banking partners; no split is stated."
        },
        {
            "id": "pasqal-2023-01-series-b",
            "company": "Pasqal",
            "company_id": "pasqal",
            "date": "2023-01-24",
            "type": "Series B",
            "status": "Closed",
            "amount": 100000000,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "amount_as_announced": "€100 million equity Series B raise",
            "qualifier": "exact",
            "lead_investors": [
                "Temasek"
            ],
            "investors": [
                "Temasek",
                "European Innovation Council (EIC) and EIC Fund",
                "Wa'ed Ventures",
                "Bpifrance",
                "Quantonation",
                "Defense Innovation Fund",
                "Daphni",
                "Eni Next"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.quantonation.com/2023/01/24/pasqal-raises-e100m-the-largest-equity-round-in-europe/",
                    "publisher": "Quantonation",
                    "kind": "investor",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-23",
                    "locator": "Opening paragraph under Summary, Paris, 24 January 2023"
                }
            ],
            "included_in_later_figure_of": [],
            "public_investment_registry": [
                "eic-fund-pasqal-2023"
            ],
            "note": ""
        }
    ],
    "skipped_hosts": [
        {
            "host": "www.businesswire.com",
            "reason": "HTTP 403 for robots.txt and pages; company releases read on the company site instead"
        },
        {
            "host": "www.riverlane.com",
            "reason": "HTTP 403 on the news page"
        },
        {
            "host": "www.datacenterdynamics.com",
            "reason": "HTTP 403"
        },
        {
            "host": "www.intelcapital.com",
            "reason": "HTTP 503"
        },
        {
            "host": "www.htgf.de",
            "reason": "robots.txt Content-Signal ai-input=no; not used"
        },
        {
            "host": "www.nssif.gov.uk",
            "reason": "robots.txt answered HTTP 403, so its page is not cited; the Nu Quantum release is cited from Cambridge Network"
        },
        {
            "host": "thequantuminsider.com",
            "reason": "Not used: a paid intelligence platform this view is an open alternative to"
        },
        {
            "host": "quantumdelta.nl",
            "reason": "Connection closed twice; fund size of QDNL Participations not shown"
        }
    ]
}