{ "compiled": "2026-10-21", "funding": { "note": "Public funding commitments for quantum technologies of the EU and of countries outside Europe, compiled from official government and EU pages and checked against each source on the date shown. The rows of European national programmes are taken from the public investment registry (/investment), where their details and sources are kept. Amounts are as the source states them, in the source's currency, as announced and not as disbursed; periods, scopes and definitions differ, so figures are not directly comparable and must not be added up. Where no official source states an amount, none is given. Not exhaustive. Pending editorial review.", "reference_rate": { "provider": "European Central Bank", "title": "Euro foreign exchange reference rates (daily XML)", "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml", "date": "2026-10-21", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "note": "Units of each currency per one euro, as published by the ECB for 21 October 2026. Used only for the indicative euro column: one rate for every amount, whatever year the amount was announced, with no adjustment for inflation or purchasing power.", "rates": { "USD": "1.1234", "JPY": "177.36", "CZK": "24.262", "DKK": "7.4746", "GBP": "0.83825", "PLN": "4.3635", "SEK": "11.0975", "CHF": "0.9256", "NOK": "10.5120", "AUD": "1.5971", "CAD": "1.5779", "CNY": "7.4999", "ILS": "3.4726", "INR": "106.1265", "KRW": "1489.15", "SGD": "1.4348" } }, "eur_note": "eur_indicative is the amount as stated divided by the ECB rate of reference_rate.date, rounded to the euro; the qualifier of the stated amount (about, more than, up to) applies to it too. Indicative only.", "records": [ { "id": "eu-quantum-europe-strategy-2025", "country": "EU", "name": "Quantum Europe Strategy", "body": "European Commission", "years": "Past five years to 2025; actions to 2030", "date": "2025-07-02", "summary": "The Commission's strategy to make Europe a global leader in quantum by 2030, adopted in July 2025 and to be followed by a Quantum Act proposal. The Commission puts EU and national public funding of the last five years at more than EUR 11 billion and recalls the earlier EU flagship and the jointly funded quantum computing systems at EU supercomputing centres.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "more than 11 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Public funding committed by the EU and the Member States together over the last five years", "source": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/qanda_25_1683/QANDA_25_1683_EN.pdf", "locator": "Questions and answers of 2 July 2025, answer on how much the EU has invested so far", "as_stated": "more than EUR 11 billion", "eur_indicative": 11000000000 }, { "amount": "nearly 2 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Invested by the EU itself over the same five years; the Communication adds more than EUR 9 billion from the Member States", "source": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025DC0363", "locator": "COM(2025) 363, section 2.1, opening paragraph", "as_stated": "nearly EUR 2 billion", "eur_indicative": 2000000000 }, { "amount": "1 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "EU budget of the Quantum Technologies Flagship, launched in 2018", "source": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/qanda_25_1683/QANDA_25_1683_EN.pdf", "locator": "Questions and answers of 2 July 2025, answer on how the Commission has supported the ecosystem", "as_stated": "EUR 1 billion", "eur_indicative": 1000000000 }, { "amount": "140 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Investment in the first eight quantum computing systems hosted at EU supercomputing centres in eight Member States, half from the EU and half from 17 participating countries", "source": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/qanda_25_1683/QANDA_25_1683_EN.pdf", "locator": "Questions and answers of 2 July 2025, answer on how the Commission has supported the ecosystem", "as_stated": "EUR 140 million", "eur_indicative": 140000000 }, { "amount": "up to 50 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Public funding for a quantum design facility and six quantum chip pilot lines announced with the strategy", "source": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_25_1682/IP_25_1682_EN.pdf", "locator": "Press release IP/25/1682 of 2 July 2025, list of actions", "as_stated": "up to EUR 50 million", "eur_indicative": 50000000 } ], "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_25_1682/IP_25_1682_EN.pdf", "sources": [ { "title": "European Commission press release IP/25/1682: Commission launches strategy to make Europe quantum leader by 2030 (2 July 2025)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_25_1682/IP_25_1682_EN.pdf", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Opening paragraphs and the list of actions", "note": "Announces the strategy, its five areas and the design facility and pilot lines backed by up to EUR 50 million of public funding; a Quantum Act proposal is expected in 2026." }, { "title": "European Commission: questions and answers on the EU Quantum Strategy (2 July 2025)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/qanda_25_1683/QANDA_25_1683_EN.pdf", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Answers on the investment so far and on the support to the ecosystem", "note": "More than EUR 11 billion of EU and national public funding over five years, nearly EUR 2 billion of it from the EU; the flagship has an EU budget of EUR 1 billion; the eight hosted quantum computers total EUR 140 million." }, { "title": "Communication COM(2025) 363: Quantum Europe Strategy, on EUR-Lex", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025DC0363", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Introduction and sections 2.1 and 2.3.3", "note": "Repeats the five-year figures, splitting them into nearly EUR 2 billion from the EU and more than EUR 9 billion from the Member States. Read in a browser; the Commission's digital strategy pages refused automated and browser reads (HTTP 403) on 21 October 2026." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-eu-quantum-europe-strategy-2025", "country_name": "European Union", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "at-quantum-austria", "country": "AT", "name": "Quantum Austria funding initiative", "body": "Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (BMBWF), implemented by the FWF and the FFG", "years": "Until 2026", "date": null, "summary": "A national initiative for quantum research and technologies financed from Austria's NextGenerationEU recovery plan, with basic research projects funded through the FWF.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "107 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Total invested in quantum research and technologies until 2026, from the recovery and resilience plan", "source": "https://www.fwf.ac.at/de/forschungsfoerderung/fwf-programme/foerderinitiative-quantum-austria", "locator": "FWF programme page, opening paragraph", "as_stated": "EUR 107 million", "eur_indicative": 107000000 }, { "amount": "around 30 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Budget for basic research projects funded through the FWF within the initiative", "source": "https://www.fwf.ac.at/de/forschungsfoerderung/fwf-programme/foerderinitiative-quantum-austria", "locator": "FWF programme page, paragraph on FWF projects", "as_stated": "around EUR 30 million", "eur_indicative": 30000000 } ], "url": "https://www.fwf.ac.at/de/forschungsfoerderung/fwf-programme/foerderinitiative-quantum-austria", "sources": [ { "title": "FWF: Förderinitiative Quantum Austria", "url": "https://www.fwf.ac.at/de/forschungsfoerderung/fwf-programme/foerderinitiative-quantum-austria", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Opening paragraph and the paragraph on FWF projects", "note": "On the ministry's initiative Austria invests EUR 107 million until 2026 from NextGenerationEU recovery funds; around EUR 30 million is available for FWF basic research projects." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-at-quantum-austria", "country_name": "Austria", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "be-belgian-qci", "country": "BE", "name": "Belgian-QCI (BE-QCI), Belgian quantum communication infrastructure", "body": "Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO); carried out by IMEC", "years": "2022-2025", "date": null, "summary": "A BELSPO impulse project for Belgium's part of the European quantum communication infrastructure (EuroQCI), carried out by IMEC.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "2,970,876", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Budget listed by BELSPO for the project; the page does not say whether this is the total or the BELSPO share", "source": "https://www.belspo.be/belspo/impuls/project_en.stm", "locator": "Impulse projects list, EUROQCI heading, Belgian-QCI entry", "as_stated": "EUR 2,970,876", "eur_indicative": 2970876 } ], "url": "https://www.belspo.be/belspo/impuls/project_en.stm", "sources": [ { "title": "BELSPO: impulse actions, list of projects", "url": "https://www.belspo.be/belspo/impuls/project_en.stm", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "EUROQCI heading, Belgian-QCI entry", "note": "Lists the project with a budget of EUR 2,970,876, the period 2022-2025 and IMEC as executor." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-be-belgian-qci", "country_name": "Belgium", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "cz-national-quantum-strategy-2026", "country": "CZ", "name": "Národní strategie pro kvantové technologie 2026+ (National Strategy for Quantum Technologies 2026+)", "body": "Government of the Czech Republic", "years": "2026-2030", "date": "2025-12-12", "summary": "The Czech national strategy for quantum technologies from 2026, published by the government in December 2025, with an update planned for the period after 2030. Its annex gives expert cost estimates and says the measures are funded within the approved spending limits of the ministries concerned, so no committed budget is recorded here.", "amounts": [], "url": "https://vlada.gov.cz/cz/vlada/clenove-vlady/pri-uradu-vlady/marek_zenisek/aktualne/narodni-strategie-pro-kvantove-technologie-2026-224029/", "sources": [ { "title": "Government of the Czech Republic: Národní strategie pro kvantové technologie 2026+ (12 December 2025)", "url": "https://vlada.gov.cz/cz/vlada/clenove-vlady/pri-uradu-vlady/marek_zenisek/aktualne/narodni-strategie-pro-kvantove-technologie-2026-224029/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "News page", "note": "Publishes the strategy on 12 December 2025 and links the full text; the page states no amount." }, { "title": "Národní strategie ČR pro kvantové technologie 2026-2030 (PDF)", "url": "https://vlada.gov.cz/assets/vlada/clenove-vlady/pri-uradu-vlady/marek_zenisek/aktualne/Narodni-strategie-CR-pro-kvantove-technologie-2026-2030.pdf", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Implementation section and the annex on the impact on the state budget (Tabulka 5)", "note": "Plans an update in 2030 for the period from 2031; the annex estimates costs per year in CZK million as expert estimates of optimal amounts, to be met within approved budget chapters." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-cz-national-quantum-strategy-2026", "country_name": "Czechia", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "dk-55-north-quantum-fund", "country": "DK", "name": "55 North quantum fund", "body": "Ministry of Industry, Business and Financial Affairs (Erhvervsministeriet), through the Export and Investment Fund of Denmark (EIFO)", "years": null, "date": "2025-10-02", "summary": "A venture fund for new quantum technology opened in Denmark in October 2025, with a government contribution through EIFO matched by Novo Holdings.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "500 million", "currency": "DKK", "scope": "Government contribution to the fund through EIFO; Novo Holdings adds the same amount, for a fund of DKK 1 billion", "source": "https://www.em.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2025/okt/verdens-stoerste-kvantefond-aabner-i-danmark", "locator": "Ministry news of 2 October 2025, paragraph on the fund's capital", "as_stated": "DKK 500 million", "eur_indicative": 66893212 } ], "url": "https://www.em.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2025/okt/verdens-stoerste-kvantefond-aabner-i-danmark", "sources": [ { "title": "Erhvervsministeriet: quantum fund opens in Denmark (2 October 2025)", "url": "https://www.em.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2025/okt/verdens-stoerste-kvantefond-aabner-i-danmark", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Paragraph on the fund's capital", "note": "The government set aside DKK 500 million through EIFO, Novo Holdings contributes the same, for DKK 1 billion in all; no period is stated." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-dk-55-north-quantum-fund", "country_name": "Denmark", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "dk-quantum-strategy-research-innovation", "country": "DK", "name": "Strategy for Quantum Technology, first part: world-class research and innovation", "body": "Ministry of Science, Higher Education and Digital Affairs (Forsknings-, Uddannelses- og Digitaliseringsministeriet)", "years": "2023-2027", "date": "2023-06-21", "summary": "The first part of Denmark's national strategy for quantum technology, dedicating funding to quantum research and innovation.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "1 billion", "currency": "DKK", "scope": "Allocation for quantum research and innovation over 2023 to 2027", "source": "https://fudm.dk/english/newsroom/press-releases/2023/juni/the-danish-government-is-ready-with-a-dedicated-investment-of-one-billion-dkk-as-first-part-of-a-new-quantum-strategy/", "locator": "Press release of 21 June 2023, headline and funding paragraph", "as_stated": "DKK 1 billion", "eur_indicative": 133786423 }, { "amount": "212 million", "currency": "DKK", "scope": "Allocated to quantum research and innovation in the Finance Act for 2023", "source": "https://fudm.dk/english/newsroom/press-releases/2023/juni/the-danish-government-is-ready-with-a-dedicated-investment-of-one-billion-dkk-as-first-part-of-a-new-quantum-strategy/", "locator": "Press release of 21 June 2023, funding paragraph", "as_stated": "DKK 212 million", "eur_indicative": 28362722 } ], "url": "https://fudm.dk/english/newsroom/press-releases/2023/juni/the-danish-government-is-ready-with-a-dedicated-investment-of-one-billion-dkk-as-first-part-of-a-new-quantum-strategy/", "sources": [ { "title": "Danish ministry press release: dedicated investment of one billion DKK as first part of a new quantum strategy (21 June 2023)", "url": "https://fudm.dk/english/newsroom/press-releases/2023/juni/the-danish-government-is-ready-with-a-dedicated-investment-of-one-billion-dkk-as-first-part-of-a-new-quantum-strategy/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Headline and the funding paragraph", "note": "States DKK 212 million in the 2023 Finance Act and an allocation of DKK 1 billion over 2023 to 2027. The ministry's former address ufm.dk now redirects to fudm.dk." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-dk-quantum-strategy-research-innovation", "country_name": "Denmark", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "fi-business-finland-quantum-co-research-2026", "country": "FI", "name": "Business Finland call for Quantum Technology Co-Research Projects 2026", "body": "Business Finland", "years": "2026", "date": "2026-09-03", "summary": "A two-stage national funding call for co-research projects in quantum computing and simulation, communication, sensing and metrology, open from August to November 2026, with Business Finland funding 80% of eligible costs.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "4 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Total set aside for the call", "source": "https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/services/funding/calls/2026/call-for-applications-for-quantum-technology-co-research-projects/", "locator": "Call page (updated 3 September 2026), funding section", "as_stated": "EUR 4 million", "eur_indicative": 4000000 } ], "url": "https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/services/funding/calls/2026/call-for-applications-for-quantum-technology-co-research-projects/", "sources": [ { "title": "Business Finland: call for applications for Quantum Technology Co-Research Projects", "url": "https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/services/funding/calls/2026/call-for-applications-for-quantum-technology-co-research-projects/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Funding section and call schedule", "note": "Sets aside EUR 4 million, funds 80% of eligible costs, runs from 20 August to 9 November 2026 and names the four quantum topics; the page shows only its update date of 3 September 2026." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-fi-business-finland-quantum-co-research-2026", "country_name": "Finland", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "fr-national-quantum-strategy", "country": "FR", "name": "Stratégie nationale quantique (national quantum strategy, France 2030)", "body": "French State through France 2030; announcement by the Direction générale des Entreprises (DGE)", "years": "2021-2030", "date": "2026-05-26", "summary": "France's national quantum strategy, run since 2021 and funded through France 2030; in May 2026 the government announced further State investment for 2026 to 2030.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "1 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Additional investment in the national quantum strategy for 2026 to 2030", "source": "https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/la-dge/actualites/france-2030-la-france-accelere-sa-strategie-quantique-pour-renforcer-sa", "locator": "DGE news of 26 May 2026, opening paragraph", "as_stated": "EUR 1 billion", "eur_indicative": 1000000000 }, { "amount": "1 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "State funding mobilised for the strategy since 2021", "source": "https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/la-dge/actualites/france-2030-la-france-accelere-sa-strategie-quantique-pour-renforcer-sa", "locator": "DGE news of 26 May 2026, review of results since 2021", "as_stated": "EUR 1 billion", "eur_indicative": 1000000000 }, { "amount": "610 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Invested under France 2030 since 2021", "source": "https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/la-dge/actualites/france-2030-la-france-accelere-sa-strategie-quantique-pour-renforcer-sa", "locator": "DGE news of 26 May 2026, review of results since 2021", "as_stated": "EUR 610 million", "eur_indicative": 610000000 } ], "url": "https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/la-dge/actualites/france-2030-la-france-accelere-sa-strategie-quantique-pour-renforcer-sa", "sources": [ { "title": "DGE: France 2030, France accelerates its quantum strategy (26 May 2026)", "url": "https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/la-dge/actualites/france-2030-la-france-accelere-sa-strategie-quantique-pour-renforcer-sa", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Opening paragraph and the review of results since 2021", "note": "Announces an extra EUR 1 billion for 2026 to 2030; since 2021 the State has mobilised EUR 1 billion, EUR 610 million of it invested under France 2030, and EUR 1.8 billion of public and private investment has been committed. The page does not say how the two State figures relate." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-fr-national-quantum-strategy", "country_name": "France", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "fr-proqcima", "country": "FR", "name": "PROQCIMA programme for universal quantum computers", "body": "Ministry of the Armed Forces, through the Direction générale de l'armement (DGA), with France 2030 support", "years": "At least 10 years from 2024", "date": "2024-03-07", "summary": "A defence procurement programme in which framework agreements with five French companies (Alice&Bob, C12, Pasqal, Quandela and Quobly) run as a competition in stages, from proof of concept to industrialisation of universal quantum computers. After May 2026 the national strategy portal lists a doubling of the annual budget without a new figure.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "500 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Maximum amount of the framework agreements notified by the DGA", "source": "https://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/actualites/dga-notifie-accords-cadres-aupres-cinq-societes-developpement-dordinateurs-quantiques-universels", "locator": "DGA news of 7 March 2024, paragraph on the agreements", "as_stated": "EUR 500 million", "eur_indicative": 500000000 } ], "url": "https://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/actualites/dga-notifie-accords-cadres-aupres-cinq-societes-developpement-dordinateurs-quantiques-universels", "sources": [ { "title": "DGA: framework agreements with five companies for universal quantum computers (7 March 2024)", "url": "https://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/actualites/dga-notifie-accords-cadres-aupres-cinq-societes-developpement-dordinateurs-quantiques-universels", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Paragraphs on the agreements and the programme", "note": "Names the five companies, a maximum amount of EUR 500 million with France 2030 support, a total duration of at least 10 years and three competitive stages." }, { "title": "National quantum strategy portal: PROQCIMA programme", "url": "https://quantique.france2030.gouv.fr/acces-aux-marches/programme-proqcima/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Programme phases and the section on the May 2026 changes", "note": "Repeats the EUR 500 million ceiling, gives phase budgets including EUR 60 million for the first phase, and lists a doubling of the annual budget after May 2026 without an amount." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-fr-proqcima", "country_name": "France", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "de-quantum-technologies-action-plan-2023", "country": "DE", "name": "Handlungskonzept Quantentechnologien der Bundesregierung (Federal Government action plan for quantum technologies)", "body": "Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), now the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)", "years": "2023-2026", "date": "2023-04-26", "summary": "The federal government's plan to bring quantum technologies into application, develop the technology in a targeted way and strengthen the ecosystem, drafted under the lead of the research ministry and adopted in April 2023.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "2.18 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Federal government funding for the action plan, 2023 to 2026", "source": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/04/26042023-Quantentechnologie.html", "locator": "Press release 28/2023, paragraph on the financing of the plan", "as_stated": "EUR 2.18 billion", "eur_indicative": 2180000000 }, { "amount": "850 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Contribution of the science organisations to the same plan", "source": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/04/26042023-Quantentechnologie.html", "locator": "Press release 28/2023, paragraph on the financing of the plan", "as_stated": "EUR 850 million", "eur_indicative": 850000000 } ], "url": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/04/26042023-Quantentechnologie.html", "sources": [ { "title": "BMFTR press release 28/2023 of 26 April 2023 on the quantum technologies action plan", "url": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/04/26042023-Quantentechnologie.html", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Subtitle and the paragraph on financing", "note": "States that the plan covers 2023 to 2026, that the federal government provides EUR 2.18 billion and the science organisations EUR 850 million, about EUR 3 billion together." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-de-quantum-technologies-action-plan-2023", "country_name": "Germany", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "de-stimulus-package-quantum-2021", "country": "DE", "name": "Quantum technologies in the Konjunktur- und Zukunftspaket (economic stimulus and future package)", "body": "Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), now the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)", "years": "Until 2025", "date": "2021-09-29", "summary": "Funding for quantum technologies from the federal stimulus and future package, with a research ministry share for research and development that puts a special focus on quantum computing, including a funding guideline for quantum processors.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "2 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Total for quantum technologies in the federal stimulus and future package", "source": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2021/09/290921-Quantencomputer.html", "locator": "Press release 195/2021, paragraph on the stimulus package", "as_stated": "EUR 2 billion", "eur_indicative": 2000000000 }, { "amount": "around 1.1 billion", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Research ministry funding for quantum research and development until 2025", "source": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2021/09/290921-Quantencomputer.html", "locator": "Press release 195/2021, paragraph on the stimulus package", "as_stated": "around EUR 1.1 billion", "eur_indicative": 1100000000 } ], "url": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2021/09/290921-Quantencomputer.html", "sources": [ { "title": "BMFTR press release 195/2021 of 29 September 2021 on funding for quantum computing", "url": "https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2021/09/290921-Quantencomputer.html", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Paragraph on the stimulus and future package", "note": "States EUR 2 billion in the package for quantum technologies and research ministry funding of around EUR 1.1 billion until 2025; a quantum processor guideline has around EUR 110 million." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-de-stimulus-package-quantum-2021", "country_name": "Germany", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "ie-quantum-2030", "country": "IE", "name": "Quantum 2030: A National Quantum Technologies Strategy for Ireland", "body": "Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science", "years": "Horizon 2030", "date": "2023-11-15", "summary": "Ireland's first national strategy for quantum technologies, aiming for an internationally competitive quantum hub by 2030, organised in four pillars and one cross-cutting pillar. The launch announcement states no budget.", "amounts": [], "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-further-and-higher-education-research-innovation-and-science/press-releases/minister-harris-launches-quantum-2030-irelands-first-national-strategy-for-quantum-technologies/", "sources": [ { "title": "gov.ie press release: launch of Quantum 2030 (15 November 2023)", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-further-and-higher-education-research-innovation-and-science/press-releases/minister-harris-launches-quantum-2030-irelands-first-national-strategy-for-quantum-technologies/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Press release and its notes on the five pillars", "note": "Publication date 15 November 2023, the 2030 goal and the pillars; no amount is mentioned. Read in a browser because automated reads were refused." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-ie-quantum-2030", "country_name": "Ireland", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "it-italian-quantum-technologies-strategy", "country": "IT", "name": "Strategia italiana per le tecnologie quantistiche (Italian strategy for quantum technologies)", "body": "Department for Digital Transformation, with the ministries of University and Research, Enterprises and Made in Italy, Foreign Affairs and Defence, and the National Cybersecurity Agency", "years": null, "date": "2025-07-31", "summary": "Italy's national quantum strategy, presented to the Council of Ministers in July 2025, with an interministerial group overseeing its implementation. The announcement states no budget and refers only to public funding, mainly from the national recovery plan.", "amounts": [], "url": "https://innovazione.gov.it/notizie/articoli/presentata-in-consiglio-dei-ministri-la-strategia-italiana-per-le-tecnologie-quantistiche/", "sources": [ { "title": "Department for Digital Transformation: Italian quantum strategy presented to the Council of Ministers", "url": "https://innovazione.gov.it/notizie/articoli/presentata-in-consiglio-dei-ministri-la-strategia-italiana-per-le-tecnologie-quantistiche/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Whole article", "note": "Lists the bodies involved and the implementation group; no amount and no period are given, only a reference to public funds, mainly the recovery plan." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-it-italian-quantum-technologies-strategy", "country_name": "Italy", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "lu-quantum-strategy-2030", "country": "LU", "name": "Luxembourg's Quantum Strategy: Accelerating digital sovereignty 2030", "body": "Ministry for Digitalisation, Ministry of the Economy, Ministry for Research and Higher Education and the Department of Media, Connectivity and Digital Policy", "years": "Horizon 2030", "date": null, "summary": "Luxembourg's 2025 national quantum strategy, part of a set of data, AI and quantum strategies, covering the MeluXina-Q quantum computer, quantum-secure communication testbeds and post-quantum cryptography, with a roadmap in phases from 2025. The strategy refers to dedicated budgets without stating an amount.", "amounts": [], "url": "https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites.gouvernement2024+en+publications+rapport-etude-analyse+minist-digitalisation+2025-luxembourg-quantum-strategy.html", "sources": [ { "title": "The Luxembourg Government: Luxembourg's Quantum Strategy (publication page)", "url": "https://gouvernement.lu/en/actualites.gouvernement2024+en+publications+rapport-etude-analyse+minist-digitalisation+2025-luxembourg-quantum-strategy.html", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Publication details", "note": "Lists the four responsible bodies and the publication year 2025; no amount." }, { "title": "Luxembourg's Quantum Strategy, Accelerating digital sovereignty 2030 (PDF)", "url": "https://gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/images-documents/actualites/2025/05/16-strategies-ai-donnees-quantum/2024115332-ministere-etat-quantum-en-bat-acc-ua.pdf", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Forewords, objectives and the roadmap section", "note": "Sets the 2030 horizon, the roadmap phases from 2025 and the flagship projects; it mentions dedicated budgets but gives no figure." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-lu-quantum-strategy-2030", "country_name": "Luxembourg", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "nl-government-wide-quantum-strategy-2026", "country": "NL", "name": "Rijksbrede Quantumstrategie (government-wide quantum strategy)", "body": "Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate, on behalf of the ministers concerned", "years": "Horizon 2035", "date": "2026-10-05", "summary": "The cabinet's strategy for the Netherlands to lead in quantum technology by 2035 while managing the risks, drafted by Economic Affairs and Climate with other ministries. The announcement gives no new budget; it refers to the EUR 614.9 million already made available for Quantum Delta NL.", "amounts": [], "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2026/10/05/kabinet-nederland-in-2035-leidend-met-quantum-en-weerbaar-tegen-risicos", "sources": [ { "title": "Rijksoverheid: cabinet wants the Netherlands to lead in quantum by 2035 (5 October 2026)", "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2026/10/05/kabinet-nederland-in-2035-leidend-met-quantum-en-weerbaar-tegen-risicos", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Whole news item", "note": "Names the strategy, the 2035 goal and the ministries; the only amount is the earlier EUR 614.9 million for the Quantum Delta NL project." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-nl-government-wide-quantum-strategy-2026", "country_name": "Netherlands", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "nl-quantum-delta-nl-growth-fund", "country": "NL", "name": "Quantum Delta NL (Nationaal Groeifonds project)", "body": "Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate; carried out by the Quantum Delta NL foundation", "years": "2021-2028", "date": null, "summary": "The National Growth Fund project for quantum technology in the Netherlands, in the fund's first round, for which the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate is responsible.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "614.9 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Awarded to Quantum Delta NL from the National Growth Fund; no conditional award or reservation remains", "source": "https://www.nationaalgroeifonds.nl/overzicht-lopende-projecten/thema-sleuteltechnologieen-en-valorisatie/quantum-delta-nl", "locator": "Project page, funding summary", "as_stated": "EUR 614.9 million", "eur_indicative": 614900000 } ], "url": "https://www.nationaalgroeifonds.nl/overzicht-lopende-projecten/thema-sleuteltechnologieen-en-valorisatie/quantum-delta-nl", "sources": [ { "title": "Nationaal Groeifonds: Quantum Delta NL project page", "url": "https://www.nationaalgroeifonds.nl/overzicht-lopende-projecten/thema-sleuteltechnologieen-en-valorisatie/quantum-delta-nl", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Funding summary and project facts", "note": "Lists EUR 614.9 million awarded, no conditional award and no reservation, round 1 running from 2021 to 2028, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate as responsible." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-nl-quantum-delta-nl-growth-fund", "country_name": "Netherlands", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "no-quantum-research-centres-2025", "country": "NO", "name": "Norwegian research centres for quantum technology", "body": "Research Council of Norway, for the Norwegian government", "years": "Five years from December 2025", "date": "2025-12-17", "summary": "Four new research centres for quantum technology, hosted by the Simula Group, the University of Oslo and SINTEF, within a wider government commitment to quantum research; a national quantum strategy was due in 2026.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "244 million", "currency": "NOK", "scope": "Funding for the new centres at the Simula Group, the University of Oslo and SINTEF", "source": "https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/news/2025/research-centres-quantum-technology/", "locator": "News of 17 December 2025, opening paragraph", "as_stated": "NOK 244 million", "eur_indicative": 23211568 }, { "amount": "at least 1.1 billion", "currency": "NOK", "scope": "Government spending on quantum technology research over the next five years", "source": "https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/news/2025/research-centres-quantum-technology/", "locator": "News of 17 December 2025, paragraph on the government commitment", "as_stated": "at least NOK 1.1 billion", "eur_indicative": 104642314 } ], "url": "https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/news/2025/research-centres-quantum-technology/", "sources": [ { "title": "Research Council of Norway: four new Norwegian research centres for quantum technology (17 December 2025)", "url": "https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/news/2025/research-centres-quantum-technology/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Opening paragraph and the paragraph on the government commitment", "note": "The three hosts receive NOK 244 million; the government will spend at least NOK 1.1 billion on quantum research over five years; a strategy is due in 2026. Last updated 3 March 2026." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-no-quantum-research-centres-2025", "country_name": "Norway", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "es-quantum-technologies-strategy-2025-2030", "country": "ES", "name": "Estrategia de Tecnologías Cuánticas de España 2025-2030 (Spain's quantum technologies strategy)", "body": "Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and Ministry for Digital Transformation and the Civil Service", "years": "2025-2030", "date": "2025-04-24", "summary": "Spain's first quantum technologies strategy, presented by the two ministries in April 2025, building on earlier investment of EUR 300 million and funded from the European Regional Development Fund and the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "808 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Estimated budget of the strategy, from ERDF funds and the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan; the headline of the same page gives 800 million", "source": "https://www.ciencia.gob.es/Noticias/2025/abril/lanza-primera-estrategia-tecnologias-cuanticas.html", "locator": "Ministry news of 24 April 2025, paragraph on the budget", "as_stated": "EUR 808 million", "eur_indicative": 808000000 } ], "url": "https://www.ciencia.gob.es/Noticias/2025/abril/lanza-primera-estrategia-tecnologias-cuanticas.html", "sources": [ { "title": "Ministry of Science: the Government launches Spain's first quantum technologies strategy (24 April 2025)", "url": "https://www.ciencia.gob.es/Noticias/2025/abril/lanza-primera-estrategia-tecnologias-cuanticas.html", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Headline and the paragraph on the budget", "note": "Gives an estimated budget of EUR 808 million (EUR 800 million in the headline) from two funding sources, builds on EUR 300 million invested earlier, and says total investment could reach about EUR 1,500 million with private funds." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-es-quantum-technologies-strategy-2025-2030", "country_name": "Spain", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "es-quantum-spain", "country": "ES", "name": "Quantum Spain", "body": "Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation at launch; State Secretariat for Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence", "years": null, "date": "2022-10-11", "summary": "A programme launched in 2021 with Next Generation EU recovery funds to build a quantum computing ecosystem around the Barcelona Supercomputing Center, which in 2022 was selected to host a EuroHPC quantum computer.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "12.5 million", "currency": "EUR", "scope": "Investment in the EuroHPC quantum computer hosted in Spain, co-financed 50% by the EU and the State Secretariat for Digitalisation and AI; the programme's own total is not stated on this page", "source": "https://www.ciencia.gob.es/en/Noticias/2022/Octubre/Espa-a-seleccionada-para-acoger-uno-de-los-primeros-ordenadores-cu-nticos-europeos-gracias-al-programa-Quantum-Spain-que-impulsa-el-Gobierno.html", "locator": "Ministry news of 11 October 2022, paragraph on the EuroHPC selection", "as_stated": "EUR 12.5 million", "eur_indicative": 12500000 } ], "url": "https://www.ciencia.gob.es/en/Noticias/2022/Octubre/Espa-a-seleccionada-para-acoger-uno-de-los-primeros-ordenadores-cu-nticos-europeos-gracias-al-programa-Quantum-Spain-que-impulsa-el-Gobierno.html", "sources": [ { "title": "Ministry of Science: Spain selected to host one of the first European quantum computers thanks to Quantum Spain (11 October 2022)", "url": "https://www.ciencia.gob.es/en/Noticias/2022/Octubre/Espa-a-seleccionada-para-acoger-uno-de-los-primeros-ordenadores-cu-nticos-europeos-gracias-al-programa-Quantum-Spain-que-impulsa-el-Gobierno.html", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Paragraphs on Quantum Spain and on the EuroHPC selection", "note": "Says Quantum Spain was launched in 2021, is financed with Next Generation recovery funds and that the hosted machine means an investment of EUR 12.5 million, half from the EU and half from the State Secretariat." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-es-quantum-spain", "country_name": "Spain", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "se-quantum-strategy-2026", "country": "SE", "name": "Sveriges strategi för kvantteknikområdet (Sweden's strategy for quantum technology)", "body": "Ministry of Education and Research (Utbildningsdepartementet)", "years": null, "date": "2026-08-18", "summary": "Sweden's national strategy for quantum technology, presented by the government in August 2026, with actions in five areas. The announcement mentions an investment in a new strategic research area and excellence clusters without stating an amount.", "amounts": [], "url": "https://www.regeringen.se/pressmeddelanden/2026/08/regeringen-presenterar-en-strategi-for-kvantteknik/", "sources": [ { "title": "Regeringen: the government presents a strategy for quantum technology (18 August 2026)", "url": "https://www.regeringen.se/pressmeddelanden/2026/08/regeringen-presenterar-en-strategi-for-kvantteknik/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Whole press release", "note": "Names the strategy and the ministry and mentions an investment in a strategic research area and excellence clusters; no SEK amount and no period are given." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-se-quantum-strategy-2026", "country_name": "Sweden", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "ch-swiss-quantum-initiative", "country": "CH", "name": "Swiss Quantum Initiative", "body": "State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI); partners SCNAT, the Swiss National Science Foundation and Innosuisse", "years": "2025-2028", "date": null, "summary": "A national initiative launched by the Federal Council in 2022 to strengthen Swiss quantum research and innovation, carried by three partners of the education, research and innovation system and funded mainly for national projects.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "82.1 million", "currency": "CHF", "scope": "Federal ceiling for the 2025-2028 funding period, mainly for national projects", "source": "https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/de/swiss-quantum-initiative-de", "locator": "SERI page, paragraph on the 2025-2028 period", "as_stated": "CHF 82.1 million", "eur_indicative": 88699222 }, { "amount": "22.9 million", "currency": "CHF", "scope": "Share for SCNAT in 2025-2028", "source": "https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/de/swiss-quantum-initiative-de", "locator": "SERI page, paragraph on the 2025-2028 period", "as_stated": "CHF 22.9 million", "eur_indicative": 24740709 }, { "amount": "29.6 million", "currency": "CHF", "scope": "Share for the Swiss National Science Foundation in 2025-2028; Innosuisse receives the same amount", "source": "https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/de/swiss-quantum-initiative-de", "locator": "SERI page, paragraph on the 2025-2028 period", "as_stated": "CHF 29.6 million", "eur_indicative": 31979257 } ], "url": "https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/de/swiss-quantum-initiative-de", "sources": [ { "title": "SBFI/SERI: Swiss Quantum Initiative", "url": "https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/de/swiss-quantum-initiative-de", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Introduction and the paragraph on the 2025-2028 period", "note": "Launched by the Federal Council in 2022; for 2025-2028 a ceiling of CHF 82.1 million, of which CHF 22.9 million to SCNAT and CHF 29.6 million each to the SNSF and Innosuisse." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-ch-swiss-quantum-initiative", "country_name": "Switzerland", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "gb-national-quantum-strategy", "country": "GB", "name": "National Quantum Strategy", "body": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT)", "years": "2024-2034", "date": null, "summary": "The United Kingdom's ten-year vision and plan for quantum technologies, with a quantum research and innovation programme from 2024. The UK takes part in Horizon Europe as an associated country.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "2.5 billion", "currency": "GBP", "scope": "Government commitment to developing quantum technologies over the ten years from 2024", "source": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-quantum-strategy/national-quantum-strategy-accessible-webpage", "locator": "Executive summary, section on the ten-year vision, plan and commitment; Goal 1, research and development", "as_stated": "GBP 2.5 billion", "eur_indicative": 2982403817 } ], "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-quantum-strategy/national-quantum-strategy-accessible-webpage", "sources": [ { "title": "GOV.UK: National Quantum Strategy (accessible webpage)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-quantum-strategy/national-quantum-strategy-accessible-webpage", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Ministerial foreword, executive summary and Goal 1", "note": "Commits GBP 2.5 billion over the ten years from 2024 and sets up a ten-year research and innovation programme for 2024-2034. The page was last updated on 14 December 2023." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "investment", "link": "/investment#investment-gb-national-quantum-strategy", "country_name": "United Kingdom", "region": "europe" }, { "id": "ca-national-quantum-strategy", "country": "CA", "name": "National Quantum Strategy", "body": "Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada", "years": null, "date": "2023-01-13", "summary": "Canada's strategy, driven by three missions in key quantum technology areas and organised in three pillars (research, talent, commercialization), launched in January 2023 with funding committed in Budget 2021. The launch release states no period for the commitment.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "360 million", "currency": "CAD", "scope": "Investment committed in Budget 2021 for the strategy", "source": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/01/government-of-canada-launches-national-quantum-strategy-to-create-jobs-and-advance-quantum-technologies.html", "locator": "News release of 13 January 2023, second paragraph", "as_stated": "CAD 360 million", "eur_indicative": 228151340 }, { "amount": "141 million", "currency": "CAD", "scope": "Research pillar of the strategy: basic and applied research", "source": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/01/government-of-canada-launches-national-quantum-strategy-to-create-jobs-and-advance-quantum-technologies.html", "locator": "News release of 13 January 2023, list of pillars", "as_stated": "CAD 141 million", "eur_indicative": 89359275 }, { "amount": "45 million", "currency": "CAD", "scope": "Talent pillar of the strategy", "source": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/01/government-of-canada-launches-national-quantum-strategy-to-create-jobs-and-advance-quantum-technologies.html", "locator": "News release of 13 January 2023, list of pillars", "as_stated": "CAD 45 million", "eur_indicative": 28518918 }, { "amount": "169 million", "currency": "CAD", "scope": "Commercialization pillar of the strategy", "source": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/01/government-of-canada-launches-national-quantum-strategy-to-create-jobs-and-advance-quantum-technologies.html", "locator": "News release of 13 January 2023, list of pillars", "as_stated": "CAD 169 million", "eur_indicative": 107104379 }, { "amount": "more than 1 billion", "currency": "CAD", "scope": "Federal investment in quantum since 2012, before the strategy", "source": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/01/government-of-canada-launches-national-quantum-strategy-to-create-jobs-and-advance-quantum-technologies.html", "locator": "News release of 13 January 2023, quick facts", "as_stated": "more than CAD 1 billion", "eur_indicative": 633753723 } ], "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/01/government-of-canada-launches-national-quantum-strategy-to-create-jobs-and-advance-quantum-technologies.html", "sources": [ { "title": "Government of Canada launches National Quantum Strategy to create jobs and advance quantum technologies (13 January 2023)", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/01/government-of-canada-launches-national-quantum-strategy-to-create-jobs-and-advance-quantum-technologies.html", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "News release, list of pillars and quick facts", "note": "CAD 360 million committed in Budget 2021, split into CAD 141 million for research, CAD 45 million for talent and CAD 169 million for commercialization; more than CAD 1 billion invested in quantum since 2012. The strategy site of ISED answered HTTP 503 (maintenance) on 21 October 2026." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-ca-national-quantum-strategy", "country_name": "Canada", "region": "americas" }, { "id": "us-national-quantum-initiative-fy2025", "country": "US", "name": "National Quantum Initiative: federal quantum information science R&D budgets", "body": "National Science and Technology Council, Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, with the National Quantum Coordination Office", "years": "FY 2019 to FY 2025", "date": "2024-12-18", "summary": "The fifth annual report on the National Quantum Initiative programme and budget, published with the President's FY 2025 budget. It reports federal quantum information science R&D budgets across the agencies; no later supplement was listed on quantum.gov on 21 October 2026, and the June 2026 executive order on quantum states no amount.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "1,036 million", "currency": "USD", "scope": "Actual federal QIS R&D expenditures reported by the agencies for FY 2023", "source": "https://www.quantum.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/NQI-Annual-Report-FY2025.pdf", "locator": "Executive summary, paragraph on the annual report", "as_stated": "USD 1,036 million", "eur_indicative": 922200463 }, { "amount": "1,006 million", "currency": "USD", "scope": "Enacted budget authority for federal QIS R&D in FY 2024", "source": "https://www.quantum.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/NQI-Annual-Report-FY2025.pdf", "locator": "Executive summary, paragraph on the annual report", "as_stated": "USD 1,006 million", "eur_indicative": 895495816 }, { "amount": "998 million", "currency": "USD", "scope": "Requested budget authority for federal QIS R&D in FY 2025", "source": "https://www.quantum.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/NQI-Annual-Report-FY2025.pdf", "locator": "Executive summary, paragraph on the annual report", "as_stated": "USD 998 million", "eur_indicative": 888374577 } ], "url": "https://www.quantum.gov/the-national-quantum-initiative-supplement-to-the-presidents-fy-2025-budget-released/", "sources": [ { "title": "National Quantum Initiative Supplement to the President's FY 2025 Budget (PDF)", "url": "https://www.quantum.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/NQI-Annual-Report-FY2025.pdf", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Executive summary and section 2, Budget data", "note": "Agencies reported QIS R&D expenditures rising from USD 456 million in FY 2019 to USD 1,036 million in FY 2023, then USD 1,006 million enacted for FY 2024 and USD 998 million requested for FY 2025; FY 2024 is an estimate in the figures." }, { "title": "quantum.gov: the National Quantum Initiative Supplement to the President's FY 2025 Budget released (18 December 2024)", "url": "https://www.quantum.gov/the-national-quantum-initiative-supplement-to-the-presidents-fy-2025-budget-released/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Whole post", "note": "Announces the report and says what years the budget data cover; the post itself gives no amount." }, { "title": "White House: Executive Order 14413, Ushering in the Next Frontier of Quantum Innovation (22 June 2026)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/06/ushering-in-the-next-frontier-of-quantum-innovation/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Whole order", "note": "States no dollar amount and makes its measures subject to the availability of appropriations." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-us-national-quantum-initiative-fy2025", "country_name": "United States", "region": "americas" }, { "id": "au-psiquantum-investment-2024", "country": "AU", "name": "Joint Australian and Queensland government investment in PsiQuantum", "body": "Australian Government and Queensland Government", "years": null, "date": "2024-04-30", "summary": "The Australian and Queensland governments announced a joint investment in equity and loans in the company PsiQuantum to build a utility-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer in Brisbane, where the company sets up its Asia-Pacific headquarters.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "almost 1 billion", "currency": "AUD", "scope": "Joint investment of the two governments", "source": "https://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/husic/media-releases/delivering-future-made-australia-400-new-technology-jobs-brisbane", "locator": "Joint media release of 30 April 2024, second paragraph", "as_stated": "almost AUD 1 billion", "eur_indicative": 626134869 }, { "amount": "approximately 470 million", "currency": "AUD", "scope": "Equity and loans from each of the two governments", "source": "https://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/husic/media-releases/delivering-future-made-australia-400-new-technology-jobs-brisbane", "locator": "Joint media release of 30 April 2024, paragraph on the joint investment", "as_stated": "approximately AUD 470 million", "eur_indicative": 294283389 } ], "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/news/leading-quantum-company-chooses-australia-site-its-groundbreaking-utility-scale-quantum-computer", "sources": [ { "title": "Department of Industry, Science and Resources: leading quantum company chooses Australia as site for its utility scale quantum computer (30 April 2024)", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/news/leading-quantum-company-chooses-australia-site-its-groundbreaking-utility-scale-quantum-computer", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Opening paragraph", "note": "The two governments will invest almost AUD 1 billion in PsiQuantum." }, { "title": "Minister for Industry and Science, joint media release: Delivering a Future Made in Australia with 400 new technology jobs in Brisbane (30 April 2024)", "url": "https://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/husic/media-releases/delivering-future-made-australia-400-new-technology-jobs-brisbane", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Second paragraph and the paragraph on the joint investment", "note": "Almost AUD 1 billion in all, including approximately AUD 470 million in equity and loans from each government." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-au-psiquantum-investment-2024", "country_name": "Australia", "region": "asia-pacific" }, { "id": "au-national-quantum-strategy", "country": "AU", "name": "National Quantum Strategy", "body": "Department of Industry, Science and Resources", "years": "Actions over seven years from 2023", "date": "2023-05-03", "summary": "The Australian Government's plan to grow the quantum industry, with five themes and actions over seven years. The strategy page states no overall budget; the department's quantum page lists the funding of its implementing programmes, among them the centre for quantum growth.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "18.4 million", "currency": "AUD", "scope": "Awarded to establish Quantum Australia, the national centre for quantum growth", "source": "https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-innovation/technology/quantum", "locator": "Department quantum page, section on investing in quantum initiatives", "as_stated": "AUD 18.4 million", "eur_indicative": 11520882 } ], "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/national-quantum-strategy", "sources": [ { "title": "Department of Industry, Science and Resources: National Quantum Strategy (published 3 May 2023)", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/national-quantum-strategy", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Publication page and list of themes", "note": "Publication date, aims and five themes with actions over seven years; no amount. Read in a browser because automated reads timed out." }, { "title": "Department of Industry, Science and Resources: Quantum", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-innovation/technology/quantum", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Section on investing in quantum initiatives", "note": "AUD 18.4 million to establish Quantum Australia and AUD 5.2 million of grants to 14 consortia in round 1 of the Critical Technologies Challenge Program." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-au-national-quantum-strategy", "country_name": "Australia", "region": "asia-pacific" }, { "id": "cn-14th-five-year-plan-quantum", "country": "CN", "name": "14th Five-Year Plan and Long-Range Objectives Through 2035: quantum information", "body": "Adopted by the National People's Congress in March 2021; published on the central government portal", "years": "2021-2025, objectives to 2035", "date": "2021-03-13", "summary": "China's national development plan names quantum information, quantum computing and quantum communication among frontier technologies, national laboratory priorities and future industries. The plan gives no amount for quantum, and no official Chinese source with a quantum budget could be read.", "amounts": [], "url": "https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm", "sources": [ { "title": "The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 (gov.cn, 13 March 2021)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Chapters 4, 9 and 15", "note": "Names quantum information and quantum computing and communication as priorities; only general research spending targets are given, with no quantum allocation." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-cn-14th-five-year-plan-quantum", "country_name": "China", "region": "asia-pacific" }, { "id": "in-national-quantum-mission", "country": "IN", "name": "National Quantum Mission", "body": "Department of Science and Technology, approved by the Union Cabinet", "years": "2023-24 to 2030-31", "date": "2023-04-19", "summary": "India's mission to scale up scientific and industrial research and development in quantum technology, with four thematic hubs on computing, communication, sensing and metrology, and materials and devices, approved by the Union Cabinet in April 2023.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "6003.65 crore", "currency": "INR", "scope": "Total cost of the mission approved by the Cabinet for 2023-24 to 2030-31", "source": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1917888", "locator": "PIB release 1917888 of 19 April 2023, subtitle and first paragraph", "as_stated": "INR 6003.65 crore", "eur_indicative": 565706963 } ], "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1917888", "sources": [ { "title": "PIB: Cabinet approves National Quantum Mission to scale-up scientific and industrial R&D for quantum technologies (19 April 2023)", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1917888", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Subtitle, first paragraph and the paragraph on the thematic hubs", "note": "Total cost of INR 6003.65 crore from 2023-24 to 2030-31, with the mission's technical targets and four hubs. Read in a browser because automated reads were refused (HTTP 403); the DST page rendered no content." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-in-national-quantum-mission", "country_name": "India", "region": "asia-pacific" }, { "id": "jp-quantum-related-budget", "country": "JP", "name": "Promotion Measures for the Development of a Quantum Ecosystem (outline)", "body": "Expert Panel on Quantum Technology Innovation, Government of Japan (Cabinet Office, Council for Science, Technology and Innovation)", "years": "FY 2020 to FY 2024", "date": "2025-05", "summary": "The May 2025 outline of Japan's measures for a quantum ecosystem, which complement the national quantum strategies since 2020. Its table of policy trends gives Japan's quantum-related budget for FY 2024 and for the five years from FY 2020.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "about 100 billion", "currency": "JPY", "scope": "Quantum-related government budget for FY 2024", "source": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/quantum/q_ecosys_outline_en.pdf", "locator": "Outline, page 3, reference table of policy trends, Japan row", "as_stated": "about JPY 100 billion", "eur_indicative": 563824989 }, { "amount": "about 330 billion", "currency": "JPY", "scope": "Quantum-related government budget over the five years FY 2020 to FY 2024", "source": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/quantum/q_ecosys_outline_en.pdf", "locator": "Outline, page 3, reference table of policy trends, Japan row", "as_stated": "about JPY 330 billion", "eur_indicative": 1860622463 } ], "url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/quantum/index.html", "sources": [ { "title": "Cabinet Office of Japan: quantum technology strategies (English index)", "url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/quantum/index.html", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "List of quantum strategies", "note": "Links the strategy documents and their English outlines; the page itself states no amount." }, { "title": "Promotion Measures for the Development of a Quantum Ecosystem, Outline (May 2025, PDF)", "url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/quantum/q_ecosys_outline_en.pdf", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Page 3, reference table of policy trends in quantum technology around the world", "note": "Gives the quantum-related budget as about JPY 100 billion for FY 2024 and about JPY 330 billion for FY 2020 to FY 2024; the same table converts other countries' figures to yen at March 2024 rates, which are not used here." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-jp-quantum-related-budget", "country_name": "Japan", "region": "asia-pacific" }, { "id": "sg-national-quantum-strategy", "country": "SG", "name": "National Quantum Strategy", "body": "National Research Foundation, with the National Quantum Office hosted by A*STAR", "years": "Five years from 2024 (RIE2025 plan)", "date": "2024-05-30", "summary": "Singapore's strategy announced in May 2024, with four funding initiatives: the Centre for Quantum Technologies as a flagship national centre, the Quantum Engineering Programme with a new sensor programme, a National Quantum Processor Initiative and national quantum scholarships.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "close to 300 million", "currency": "SGD", "scope": "Funding of the strategy from the Research, Innovation and Enterprise 2025 plan over five years", "source": "https://nqo.sg/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Media-Factsheet_NQO_National-Quantum-Strategy_27-May-clean-1.pdf", "locator": "NQO media factsheet, title and first paragraph", "as_stated": "close to SGD 300 million", "eur_indicative": 209088375 } ], "url": "https://nqo.sg/nqs/", "sources": [ { "title": "National Quantum Office: media factsheet, close to S$300 million invested to drive Singapore's National Quantum Strategy over five years (PDF)", "url": "https://nqo.sg/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Media-Factsheet_NQO_National-Quantum-Strategy_27-May-clean-1.pdf", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Title and first two paragraphs", "note": "Close to SGD 300 million from RIE2025 over five years, funded by the NRF through four funding initiatives." }, { "title": "National Quantum Office: National Quantum Strategy", "url": "https://nqo.sg/nqs/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Strategy page", "note": "Describes the four strategic thrusts; states no amount." }, { "title": "Prime Minister's Office: DPM Heng Swee Keat at the Asia Tech x Singapore 2024 opening ceremony (30 May 2024)", "url": "https://www.pmo.gov.sg/newsroom/dpm-heng-swee-keat-at-the-asia-tech-x-singapore-2024-opening-ceremony/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Paragraph on the National Quantum Strategy", "note": "Announces investment of close to 300 million dollars in four strategic areas; the speech does not name the currency." }, { "title": "National Research Foundation: parliamentary reply on quantum research coordination and combined annual funding (13 April 2026)", "url": "https://www.nrf.gov.sg/resources/quantum-research-coordination-between-astar-and-nus-and-combined-annual-funding/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Summary and reply", "note": "Says 295 million dollars were set aside under RIE2025 for quantum research under the strategy, without naming the currency; not used as a separate amount." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-sg-national-quantum-strategy", "country_name": "Singapore", "region": "asia-pacific" }, { "id": "kr-quantum-science-technology-strategy", "country": "KR", "name": "Quantum Science and Technology Strategy", "body": "Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)", "years": "2023-2035", "date": "2023-06", "summary": "Korea's strategy, announced by MSIT in June 2023, to become a global hub of the quantum economy by 2035, with a joint public and private investment target and an expansion of international cooperation. A January 2026 master plan announced by MSIT states no new won amount.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "more than 3 trillion", "currency": "KRW", "scope": "Joint government and private investment targeted between 2023 and 2035; the release does not split the public and private shares", "source": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?sCode=eng&nttSeqNo=828&searchOpt=ALL&bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&mPid=2", "locator": "MSIT press release, summary and strategic direction 7", "as_stated": "more than KRW 3 trillion", "eur_indicative": 2014572071 }, { "amount": "210 billion", "currency": "KRW", "scope": "Investment in international cooperation for 2023 to 2025, up from KRW 13 billion in 2019 to 2022", "source": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?sCode=eng&nttSeqNo=828&searchOpt=ALL&bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&mPid=2", "locator": "MSIT press release, strategic direction 6", "as_stated": "KRW 210 billion", "eur_indicative": 141020045 } ], "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?sCode=eng&nttSeqNo=828&searchOpt=ALL&bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&mPid=2", "sources": [ { "title": "MSIT: In 2035, Korea becoming the global hub for quantum economy (June 2023)", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?sCode=eng&nttSeqNo=828&searchOpt=ALL&bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&mPid=2", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Summary and strategic directions 6 and 7", "note": "Says the strategy was announced on 27 June, without the year in the text; the attached files are dated June 2023. Gives the KRW 3 trillion joint target for 2023 to 2035 and the international cooperation budget." }, { "title": "MSIT: Korea unveils first quantum master plan for the next-AI era (January 2026)", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&mPid=2&nttSeqNo=1222", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Whole press release", "note": "States no won amount; the only figure is a company's investment commitment, which is not public funding." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-kr-quantum-science-technology-strategy", "country_name": "South Korea", "region": "asia-pacific" }, { "id": "il-national-quantum-science-technology-program", "country": "IL", "name": "National Quantum Science and Technology Program", "body": "Planning and Budgeting Committee of the Council for Higher Education, with the Administration for the Development of Weapons and Technological Infrastructures, the Israel Innovation Authority, the Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Finance", "years": "Six years", "date": "2021-10-10", "summary": "Israel's joint national programme for quantum science and technology, started in 2018 by the Planning and Budgeting Committee and expanded after a review of national research infrastructures; the government approved the expansion in summer 2020 within its economic acceleration programme.", "amounts": [ { "amount": "1.25 billion", "currency": "ILS", "scope": "The expanded joint programme over six years, covering academic research, infrastructure, international cooperation and industry", "source": "https://che.org.il/en/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98-2/", "locator": "Council for Higher Education agenda item of 10 October 2021, paragraph on the expansion", "as_stated": "ILS 1.25 billion", "eur_indicative": 359960836 }, { "amount": "200 million", "currency": "ILS", "scope": "Budget first reserved for the programme in 2018; the page does not say whether it is part of the expanded total", "source": "https://che.org.il/en/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98-2/", "locator": "Council for Higher Education agenda item of 10 October 2021, opening paragraph", "as_stated": "ILS 200 million", "eur_indicative": 57593734 } ], "url": "https://che.org.il/en/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98-2/", "sources": [ { "title": "Council for Higher Education of Israel: the National Quantum Science and Technology Program", "url": "https://che.org.il/en/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2-%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98-2/", "retrieved": "2026-10-21", "locator": "Agenda item of 10 October 2021", "note": "NIS 200 million reserved in 2018; expanded to NIS 1.25 billion over six years after the review committee's recommendation and approved by the government in summer 2020. The Israel Innovation Authority's own pages refused automated reads (HTTP 403)." } ], "checked": "2026-10-21", "origin": "world", "link": "/world#funding-il-national-quantum-science-technology-program", "country_name": "Israel", "region": "middle-east" } ] }, "publications": { "source": "OpenAlex", "licence": "CC0 1.0", "retrieved": "2026-10-22", "origin": "refresh", "topics": { "T10020": "Quantum Information and Cryptography", "T10682": "Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture", "T11414": "Quantum optics and atomic interactions", "T10425": "Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates", "T11993": "Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research" }, "types": [ "article", "review", "conference-paper" ], "eu27": [ "AT", "BE", "BG", "HR", "CY", "CZ", "DK", "EE", "FI", "FR", "DE", "GR", "HU", "IE", "IT", "LV", "LT", "LU", "MT", "NL", "PL", "PT", "RO", "SK", "SI", "ES", "SE" ], "counting": "Full counting: a work with authors in several countries counts once for each; the EU27 block counts each work once. Shares are of works with at least one author country.", "located": { "2015": 11325, "2016": 11860, "2017": 12201, "2018": 12495, "2019": 13939, "2020": 14263, "2021": 15400, "2022": 16100, "2023": 17303, "2024": 20031, "2025": 23252 }, "comparison": [ { "key": "EU27", "label": "European Union (27)", "region": "europe", "counts": { "2015": 3590, "2016": 3783, "2017": 4019, "2018": 3851, "2019": 4346, "2020": 4337, "2021": 4800, "2022": 4791, "2023": 5260, "2024": 5922, "2025": 6853 }, "last": 6853, "share": 29.5, "share_first": 31.7, "growth": 6.7 }, { "key": "US", "label": "United States", "region": "americas", "counts": { "2015": 2454, "2016": 2656, "2017": 2510, "2018": 2679, "2019": 3036, "2020": 3354, "2021": 3442, "2022": 3691, "2023": 3895, "2024": 4449, "2025": 4909 }, "last": 4909, "share": 21.1, "share_first": 21.7, "growth": 7.2 }, { "key": "CN", "label": "China", "region": "asia-pacific", "counts": { "2015": 2661, "2016": 2687, "2017": 2847, "2018": 3191, "2019": 3541, "2020": 3549, "2021": 3751, "2022": 4264, "2023": 4280, "2024": 5043, "2025": 5755 }, "last": 5755, "share": 24.8, "share_first": 23.5, "growth": 8 }, { "key": "GB", "label": "United Kingdom", "region": "europe", "counts": { "2015": 870, "2016": 1039, "2017": 1101, "2018": 1096, "2019": 1212, "2020": 1210, "2021": 1293, "2022": 1172, "2023": 1174, "2024": 1255, "2025": 1409 }, "last": 1409, "share": 6.1, "share_first": 7.7, "growth": 4.9 }, { "key": "JP", "label": "Japan", "region": "asia-pacific", "counts": { "2015": 698, "2016": 751, "2017": 801, "2018": 838, "2019": 896, "2020": 938, "2021": 996, "2022": 1039, "2023": 1090, "2024": 1185, "2025": 1315 }, "last": 1315, "share": 5.7, "share_first": 6.2, "growth": 6.5 }, { "key": "CA", "label": "Canada", "region": "americas", "counts": { "2015": 535, "2016": 552, "2017": 549, "2018": 575, "2019": 607, "2020": 629, "2021": 636, "2022": 625, "2023": 705, "2024": 777, "2025": 815 }, "last": 815, "share": 3.5, "share_first": 4.7, "growth": 4.3 }, { "key": "KR", "label": "South Korea", "region": "asia-pacific", "counts": { "2015": 237, "2016": 254, "2017": 242, "2018": 285, "2019": 311, "2020": 294, "2021": 335, "2022": 340, "2023": 379, "2024": 481, "2025": 568 }, "last": 568, "share": 2.4, "share_first": 2.1, "growth": 9.1 }, { "key": "IN", "label": "India", "region": "asia-pacific", "counts": { "2015": 442, "2016": 480, "2017": 481, "2018": 503, "2019": 546, "2020": 669, "2021": 774, "2022": 914, "2023": 1116, "2024": 1487, "2025": 2133 }, "last": 2133, "share": 9.2, "share_first": 3.9, "growth": 17 }, { "key": "CH", "label": "Switzerland", "region": "europe", "counts": { "2015": 344, "2016": 310, "2017": 335, "2018": 325, "2019": 341, "2020": 384, "2021": 439, "2022": 434, "2023": 487, "2024": 454, "2025": 515 }, "last": 515, "share": 2.2, "share_first": 3, "growth": 4.1 }, { "key": "AU", "label": "Australia", "region": "asia-pacific", "counts": { "2015": 460, "2016": 492, "2017": 484, "2018": 449, "2019": 502, "2020": 468, "2021": 470, "2022": 429, "2023": 410, "2024": 480, "2025": 532 }, "last": 532, "share": 2.3, "share_first": 4.1, "growth": 1.5 }, { "key": "SG", "label": "Singapore", "region": "asia-pacific", "counts": { "2015": 220, "2016": 266, "2017": 215, "2018": 256, "2019": 267, "2020": 230, "2021": 265, "2022": 242, "2023": 264, "2024": 312, "2025": 348 }, "last": 348, "share": 1.5, "share_first": 1.9, "growth": 4.7 }, { "key": "IL", "label": "Israel", "region": "middle-east", "counts": { "2015": 241, "2016": 237, "2017": 245, "2018": 237, "2019": 275, "2020": 292, "2021": 249, "2022": 272, "2023": 320, "2024": 310, "2025": 314 }, "last": 314, "share": 1.4, "share_first": 2.1, "growth": 2.7 }, { "key": "NO", "label": "Norway", "region": "europe", "counts": { "2015": 22, "2016": 14, "2017": 23, "2018": 20, "2019": 31, "2020": 36, "2021": 42, "2022": 36, "2023": 39, "2024": 53, "2025": 49 }, "last": 49, "share": 0.2, "share_first": 0.2, "growth": 8.3 } ] }, "patents": { "status": "connected, country counts not computed yet" }, "companies": { "status": "not available yet", "file": "wikidata-quantum-companies-by-country.json" }, "reports": { "note": "Figures of published reports are kept in the report evidence store, not on this page.", "url": "/quantum-europe/evidence", "export": "/quantum-europe/evidence.json" } }