{
    "status": "source-verified",
    "compiled": "2026-10-27",
    "note": "Milestones compiled from EUR-Lex, the Publications Office, the Council register and the official pages of the European Commission, the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking and the Chips Joint Undertaking on the date shown; each locator says where the fact was read. Dates are as the sources state them; summaries are the portal's own wording and quote no text. A planned milestone is listed only as officially announced, with that status. Not legal advice: EUR-Lex is authoritative for legal acts. Pending editorial review.",
    "upcoming_as_of": "2026-11-03",
    "milestones": [
        {
            "id": "european-cloud-initiative-2016",
            "date": "2016-04-19",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "European Cloud Initiative proposes a quantum technologies flagship",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "strategy",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "A Commission communication (COM/2016/0178 final) called for a long-term, large-scale flagship initiative on quantum technologies and set the aim of launching its ramp-up phase in 2018.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: COM/2016/0178 final, European Cloud Initiative, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0178",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 19/04/2016, form Communication; section on exploiting the potential of quantum technologies and its action timeline (ramp-up phase in 2018)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Strategy",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "19 April 2016",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "eurohpc-ju-regulation-2018",
            "date": "2018-09-28",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking established",
            "institution": "Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "Council Regulation (EU) 2018/1488 set up the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking and asked it to prepare a first European hybrid infrastructure that integrates quantum computing devices with classical computing architectures; it was repealed and replaced in 2021.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Council Regulation (EU) 2018/1488, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32018R1488",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 28/09/2018, OJ L 252, 8.10.2018, no longer in force, repealed by 32021R1173 from 08/08/2021; recital 21 on hybrid infrastructure with quantum computing devices"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "28 September 2018",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-flagship-launch",
            "date": "2018-10-29",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Quantum Technologies Flagship launched",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "programme",
            "status": "launched",
            "summary": "The Commission launched the Quantum Technologies Flagship at an event in Vienna, a research initiative with a total budget of EUR 1 billion whose first 20 projects received EUR 132 million from Horizon 2020.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission press release IP/18/6205: Quantum Technologies Flagship kicks off with first 20 projects",
                    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_18_6205",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Press release of 29 October 2018, first paragraphs (launch event in Vienna, total budget, first 20 projects and their funding); read through the press corner's public document service"
                },
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: Quantum Technologies Flagship (last update 22 May 2025)",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/quantum-technologies-flagship",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Introduction: launched in 2018, expected EU funding of EUR 1 billion over 10 years; link to the launch press release of 29/10/2018"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Programme",
            "status_label": "Launched or opened",
            "display_date": "29 October 2018",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "euroqci-declaration",
            "date": "2019-06-13",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EuroQCI Declaration signed",
            "institution": "EU Member States",
            "type": "declaration",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "Seven Member States signed a declaration at the Digital Assembly in Bucharest to work on a quantum communication infrastructure across the EU within ten years, and the other Member States joined by July 2021.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: The future is quantum: EU countries plan ultra-secure communication network",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/future-quantum-eu-countries-plan-ultra-secure-communication-network",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "News item of 13 June 2019: signature in Bucharest by seven Member States, ten-year aim; update listing later signatories up to Ireland in July 2021"
                },
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: Quantum (last update 23 June 2026)",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/quantum",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Section on EuroQCI: all 27 Member States have signed the EuroQCI Declaration (June 2019)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Declaration",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "13 June 2019",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "digital-compass-2030",
            "date": "2021-03-09",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "2030 Digital Compass proposes a quantum computing target",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "strategy",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "The Commission's 2030 Digital Compass (COM/2021/118 final) proposed that Europe have its first computer with quantum acceleration by 2025, on the way to the cutting edge of quantum capabilities by 2030.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: COM/2021/118 final, 2030 Digital Compass, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0118",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 09/03/2021; section 3.2 and the target table, row Quantum computing"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Strategy",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "9 March 2021",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "horizon-europe-regulation",
            "date": "2021-04-28",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Horizon Europe established",
            "institution": "European Parliament and Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Regulation (EU) 2021/695 established Horizon Europe, the framework programme that funds quantum technologies among the key digital technologies of its Digital, Industry and Space cluster.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "horizon-europe"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2021/695, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0695",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 28/04/2021, OJ L 170, 12.5.2021, in force (changed), entry into force 12/05/2021; recital 60 and Annex I, cluster Digital, Industry and Space"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "28 April 2021",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "digital-europe-programme-regulation",
            "date": "2021-04-29",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Digital Europe Programme established",
            "institution": "European Parliament and Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Regulation (EU) 2021/694 established the Digital Europe Programme, which funds post-exascale supercomputing integrated with quantum computing technologies and advanced digital skills that include quantum technologies.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "digital-europe-programme"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2021/694, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R0694",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 29/04/2021, OJ L 166, 11.5.2021, in force (changed), entry into force 12/05/2021; Article 4(1)(c), Article 7 and Annex I"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "29 April 2021",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "eurohpc-ju-regulation-2021",
            "date": "2021-07-13",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking re-established with quantum computing in scope",
            "institution": "Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 replaced the 2018 regulation and has the Joint Undertaking acquire quantum computing systems as well as classical ones, partly funded by the Digital Europe Programme.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "eurohpc-ju"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021R1173",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 13/07/2021, OJ L 256, 19.7.2021, in force (changed), entry into force 08/08/2021; recitals on quantum computers and on the Digital Europe Programme contribution to their acquisition"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "13 July 2021",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "eurohpc-quantum-hosting-sites",
            "date": "2022-10-04",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Six sites selected to host the first EuroHPC quantum computers",
            "institution": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking",
            "type": "infrastructure",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "The EuroHPC Joint Undertaking selected hosting entities in Czechia, Germany, Spain, France, Italy and Poland for its first quantum computers, with a planned total investment of over EUR 100 million, half of it from the EU.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: Selection of six sites to host the first European quantum computers",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/selection-six-sites-host-first-european-quantum-computers-2022-10-04_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "News item of 4 October 2022: the six hosting entities and the co-funding of up to 50% by the Joint Undertaking"
                },
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: EU deploys first quantum technology in six sites across Europe",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-deploys-first-quantum-technology-six-sites-across-europe",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "News item of 4 October 2022: six countries and over EUR 100 million, half from the EU"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Infrastructure",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "4 October 2022",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "digital-decade-policy-programme",
            "date": "2022-12-14",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Digital Decade Policy Programme sets the quantum target in law",
            "institution": "European Parliament and Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Decision (EU) 2022/2481 made it a Union digital target to have a first computer with quantum acceleration by 2025, paving the way to the cutting edge of quantum capabilities by 2030.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "digital-decade-2030"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Decision (EU) 2022/2481, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32022D2481",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 14/12/2022, OJ L 323, 19.12.2022, in force, entry into force 08/01/2023; Article 4(1), point (2)(d)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "14 December 2022",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "iris2-regulation",
            "date": "2023-03-15",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Union Secure Connectivity Programme (IRIS²) established",
            "institution": "European Parliament and Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Regulation (EU) 2023/588 established the Union Secure Connectivity Programme for 2023 to 2027, which is to develop further and gradually integrate the European Quantum Communication Infrastructure (EuroQCI) into its secure connectivity system.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "iris2-secure-connectivity"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2023/588, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32023R0588",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 15/03/2023, OJ L 79, 17.3.2023, in force, entry into force 20/03/2023; recitals 10 and 14 on EuroQCI"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "15 March 2023",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "chips-joint-undertaking",
            "date": "2023-07-25",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Chips Joint Undertaking set up with a quantum chips task",
            "institution": "Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Council Regulation (EU) 2023/1782 renamed the Key Digital Technologies Joint Undertaking as the Chips Joint Undertaking and tasked it with building capacities for the development of cutting-edge quantum chips.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "chips-ju"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Council Regulation (EU) 2023/1782, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32023R1782",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 25/07/2023, OJ L 229, 18.9.2023, in force, entry into force 21/09/2023; Article 1 (renaming and the task on cutting-edge quantum chips)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "25 July 2023",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "chips-act",
            "date": "2023-09-13",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "European Chips Act adopted",
            "institution": "European Parliament and Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1781 set up the Chips for Europe Initiative, which supports design libraries, pilot lines and test facilities for quantum chips.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "chips-act"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2023/1781, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32023R1781",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 13/09/2023, OJ L 229, 18.9.2023, in force, entry into force 21/09/2023; recital 17 on quantum chips"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "13 September 2023",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "european-declaration-quantum-technologies",
            "date": "2023-12-06",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "European Declaration on Quantum Technologies published",
            "institution": "EU Member States",
            "type": "declaration",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "The declaration recognises the strategic importance of quantum technologies and commits its signatories to work together on a world-class European quantum ecosystem, and the Commission reports that all Member States have signed it.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: European Declaration on Quantum Technologies (last update 26 June 2025)",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/european-declaration-quantum-technologies",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Library item dated 6 December 2023: aims of the declaration and the statement that all Member States have signed it (no signing dates given)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Declaration",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "6 December 2023",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "pqc-recommendation",
            "date": "2024-04-11",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Recommendation on a coordinated roadmap for post-quantum cryptography",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "Commission Recommendation (EU) 2024/1101 asked Member States to define, through a sub-group of the NIS Cooperation Group, a coordinated roadmap for moving public administrations and critical infrastructures to post-quantum cryptography.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "pqc-recommendation-2024-1101"
                ]
            },
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:eu-pqc-roadmap/eu-pqc-roadmap-event-1"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Commission Recommendation (EU) 2024/1101, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32024H1101",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 11/04/2024, OJ L, 2024/1101, 12.4.2024; points (1) to (7)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "11 April 2024",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "chips-ju-first-quantum-calls",
            "date": "2024-09-24",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "First Chips Joint Undertaking calls on quantum chips",
            "institution": "European Commission and Chips Joint Undertaking",
            "type": "call",
            "status": "launched",
            "summary": "The Commission announced the first Chips Joint Undertaking calls in quantum technologies, for stability and trapped-ion pilot partnerships with EUR 65 million of EU funding to be matched by participating states, open until 21 January 2025.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: EU invests EUR 65 million in quantum chips",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-invests-eu65-million-quantum-chips",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "News item of 24 September 2024: two framework partnership calls, EU funding, deadline 21 January 2025"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Call for proposals",
            "status_label": "Launched or opened",
            "display_date": "24 September 2024",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "chips-ju-quantum-pilot-consortia",
            "date": "2025-04",
            "date_text": "April 2025",
            "title": "Six quantum chip pilot consortia selected",
            "institution": "Chips Joint Undertaking",
            "type": "infrastructure",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "The Public Authorities Board of the Chips Joint Undertaking selected six consortia under its quantum calls, covering superconducting, photonic, semiconducting, diamond, neutral-atom and trapped-ion technologies, with EUR 145 million expected for their action plans.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "Chips JU: Chips JU accelerates quantum innovation with the selection of six consortia",
                    "url": "https://www.chips-ju.europa.eu/NewsDetails?id=4f5344c5-cf21-f111-8342-000d3a27d474",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "News item listed on 27/04/2025 with the dateline 28 April 2025: selection by the Public Authorities Board, technologies and funding"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Infrastructure",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "April 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "first-eurohpc-quantum-computer",
            "date": "2025-06-23",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "First EuroHPC quantum computer goes into service",
            "institution": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking",
            "type": "infrastructure",
            "status": "launched",
            "summary": "PIAST-Q, a trapped-ion system hosted by the Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center in Poland, was the first of the EuroHPC quantum machines to be inaugurated.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: Inauguration of PIAST-Q, a leap in European quantum computing",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/inauguration-piast-q-leap-european-quantum-computing-2025-06-23_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "News item of 23 June 2025: first inauguration of a EuroHPC quantum computer, host and technology"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Infrastructure",
            "status_label": "Launched or opened",
            "display_date": "23 June 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "eu-pqc-coordinated-roadmap",
            "date": "2025-06-23",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EU roadmap for the transition to post-quantum cryptography",
            "institution": "NIS Cooperation Group (EU Member States), with the European Commission",
            "type": "strategy",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "The Member States of the NIS Cooperation Group published Part 1 of a coordinated implementation roadmap that sets 2026, 2030 and 2035 milestones for moving to post-quantum cryptography, as Recommendation (EU) 2024/1101 asked.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "pqc-recommendation-2024-1101"
                ]
            },
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:eu-pqc-roadmap/eu-pqc-roadmap-event-part-1",
                "standards:eu-pqc-coordinated-roadmap"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "NIS Cooperation Group: A Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for the Transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography, Part 1, version 1.1",
                    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/117507",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "Cover (Part 1, version 1.1, EU PQC Workstream, 11.06.2025); section 4, Timeline"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Strategy",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "23 June 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-europe-strategy",
            "date": "2025-07-02",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Quantum Europe Strategy adopted",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "strategy",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "The Commission's Quantum Europe Strategy (COM/2025/363 final) set out actions in five areas and announced a Quantum Act proposal for 2026 and an extension of the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking to all quantum technologies.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "quantum-europe-strategy"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: COM/2025/363 final, Quantum Europe Strategy, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52025DC0363",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 02/07/2025; section 2.1 actions and the Appendix, Area 1 (Quantum Act proposal [2026], EuroHPC JU amendment [Q3 2025])"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Strategy",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "2 July 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "euroqci-iris2-call-2025",
            "date": "2025-07-15",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EuroQCI call under IRIS² opens",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "call",
            "status": "launched",
            "summary": "Call DIGITAL-IRIS2-2025-QCI, funded by the Union Secure Connectivity Programme, opened for terrestrial quantum key distribution technologies and their certification, coordination of EuroQCI deployments and standardisation, with a deadline of 16 October 2025.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: Info day on the call for proposals on the European Quantum Communication Infrastructure (EuroQCI)",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/events/info-day-call-proposals-european-quantum-communication-infrastructure-euroqci",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Event page for the info day of 9 July 2025: call identifier, programme, opening on 15 July 2025, deadline 16 October 2025 and topics"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Call for proposals",
            "status_label": "Launched or opened",
            "display_date": "15 July 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "dual-use-control-list-update-2025",
            "date": "2025-09-08",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EU dual-use control list adds quantum items",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "adopted",
            "summary": "The Commission adopted a delegated regulation updating Annex I of the Dual-Use Regulation, adding export controls related to quantum technology such as quantum computers and cryogenic electronic components.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "dual-use-control-list-2025-2003"
                ]
            },
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:dual-use-regulation-evaluation/dual-use-regulation-evaluation-event-1"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, DG Trade and Economic Security: 2025 update of the EU control list of dual-use items",
                    "url": "https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/news/2025-update-eu-control-list-dual-use-items-2025-09-08_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "News article of 8 September 2025: adoption of the Delegated Regulation and the list of new controls, including quantum technology"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Adopted, signed or decided",
            "display_date": "8 September 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-grand-challenge-call",
            "date": "2025-10-14",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EuroHPC Quantum Grand Challenge call opens",
            "institution": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking",
            "type": "call",
            "status": "launched",
            "summary": "The EuroHPC Joint Undertaking opened the Quantum Grand Challenge call for European quantum computing start-ups, a follow-up to the Quantum Europe Strategy, closing on 29 January 2026.",
            "links": [],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: EuroHPC JU Opens Quantum Grand Challenge Call",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/eurohpc-ju-opens-quantum-grand-challenge-call-2025-10-14_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "News item of 14 October 2025: call HORIZON-JU-EUROHPC-2026-QGC-02, opening on 14 October 2025 and closing on 29 January 2026"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Call for proposals",
            "status_label": "Launched or opened",
            "display_date": "14 October 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "commission-work-programme-2026-quantum-act",
            "date": "2025-10-21",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Commission work programme 2026 lists a Quantum Act",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "announced",
            "summary": "The Commission work programme 2026 (COM/2025/870 final) lists a legislative Quantum Act among its new initiatives, planned for the second quarter of 2026.",
            "links": [],
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:quantum-act/quantum-act-event-1"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: COM/2025/870 final, Commission work programme 2026, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52025DC0870",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 21/10/2025; Annex I, heading Research and Innovation (Quantum Act, legislative, Q2 2026)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Announced (planned)",
            "display_date": "21 October 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-act-call-for-evidence",
            "date": "2025-10-29",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Call for evidence on an EU Quantum Act",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "launched",
            "summary": "The Commission published a call for evidence for an impact assessment of an EU Quantum Act, the main legislative follow-up to the Quantum Europe Strategy, with feedback open until 15 December 2025.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "quantum-europe-strategy"
                ]
            },
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:quantum-act/quantum-act-event-2"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Have your say: EU Quantum Act (initiative 15512)",
                    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/15512-EU-Quantum-Act_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "Initiative data: call for evidence for an impact assessment published 29 October 2025, feedback closed 15 December 2025"
                },
                {
                    "title": "European Commission: Call for evidence for an impact assessment, EU Quantum Act (Ref. Ares(2025)9278454)",
                    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/api/download/090166e5244080e8",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "Header (Ares reference dated 29/10/2025, indicative timetable H2-2026) and section A, Political context"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Launched or opened",
            "display_date": "29 October 2025",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "eurohpc-quantum-pillar",
            "date": "2026-01-16",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking extended to quantum technologies",
            "institution": "Council of the European Union",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150 amended the EuroHPC regulation to add a quantum technologies pillar covering quantum computing and simulation, quantum communication, and quantum sensing and metrology.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "eurohpc-ju-quantum-pillar"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150, document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32026R0150",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 16/01/2026, OJ L, 2026/150, 19.1.2026, in force, entry into force 20/01/2026; amended Article 4(1), point (j)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "16 January 2026",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "cybersecurity-package-2026",
            "date": "2026-01-20",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Cybersecurity Act 2 and NIS2 amendment proposed",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "proposed",
            "summary": "The Commission proposed a revised Cybersecurity Act together with a targeted NIS2 amendment under which national cybersecurity strategies would include policies for the transition to post-quantum cryptography.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "nis2-directive"
                ]
            },
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:cybersecurity-act-2/cybersecurity-act-2-event-2",
                "legislation:nis2-targeted-amendment/nis2-targeted-amendment-event-1",
                "legislation:eu-pqc-roadmap/eu-pqc-roadmap-event-4"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "Council of the EU: transmission of COM(2026) 11 final, Cybersecurity Act 2 (ST 5611/26)",
                    "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-5611-2026-INIT/en/pdf",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "Cover note of 22 January 2026 and proposal header: Strasbourg, 20.1.2026, COM(2026) 11 final, 2026/0011 (COD)"
                },
                {
                    "title": "Publications Office: COM(2026) 13 final, proposal amending Directive (EU) 2022/2555",
                    "url": "https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/9b9c0d74-f6e3-11f0-b9bc-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "Header (Strasbourg, 20.1.2026, COM(2026) 13, 2026/0012 (COD)); recital on post-quantum cryptography; amendment adding point (k) to Article 7(2)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Proposed",
            "display_date": "20 January 2026",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "digital-networks-act-proposal",
            "date": "2026-01-21",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Digital Networks Act proposed",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "proposed",
            "summary": "The Commission proposed a Digital Networks Act whose recital on resilient connectivity covers preparing networks for quantum communication, EuroQCI and a timely transition to post-quantum cryptography.",
            "links": [],
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:digital-networks-act/digital-networks-act-event-2"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "Publications Office: COM(2026) 16, proposal for a regulation on the European Digital Networks Act",
                    "url": "https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/85e1265a-f6af-11f0-b9bc-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "Header (Brussels, 21.1.2026, COM(2026) 16, 2026/0013 (COD)); recital 31"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Proposed",
            "display_date": "21 January 2026",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "eurohpc-quantum-pillar-first-calls",
            "date": "2026-06-02",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "First EuroHPC calls under the quantum pillar",
            "institution": "EuroHPC Joint Undertaking",
            "type": "call",
            "status": "launched",
            "summary": "The EuroHPC Joint Undertaking opened its first four calls under its new quantum technologies pillar, on photonic quantum computing, standards, post-quantum cryptography and quantum machine learning.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "eurohpc-ju-quantum-pillar"
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EuroHPC JU: Four new EuroHPC JU calls boost quantum innovation and standardisation in Europe",
                    "url": "https://www.eurohpc-ju.europa.eu/four-new-eurohpc-ju-calls-boost-quantum-innovation-and-standardisation-europe-2026-06-02_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "News item of 2 June 2026: call table (HORIZON-JU-EUROHPC-2026-NGC-04, STAND-05, PQC-06, QML-07)"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Call for proposals",
            "status_label": "Launched or opened",
            "display_date": "2 June 2026",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "chips-act-2-proposal",
            "date": "2026-06-03",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Chips Act 2.0 proposed",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "proposed",
            "summary": "The Commission proposed a Chips Act 2.0 (COM/2026/504 final) that would repeal Regulation (EU) 2023/1781, continue quantum chip activities under a reinforced Chips for Europe Initiative and be coordinated with the upcoming Quantum Act.",
            "links": [],
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:chips-act-2/chips-act-2-event-4"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: COM/2026/504 final, proposal for a regulation (Chips Act 2.0), document information and text",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52026PC0504",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Document information: date of document 03/06/2026, procedure 2026/0139/COD, repeal of 32023R1781; explanatory memorandum on the Chips for Europe Initiative 2.0 and consistency with the Quantum Act"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Proposed",
            "display_date": "3 June 2026",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "fdi-screening-regulation-in-force",
            "date": "2026-07-16",
            "date_text": null,
            "title": "Revised EU foreign investment screening regulation in force",
            "institution": "European Parliament and Council of the EU",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "in-force",
            "summary": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386 on screening foreign investments entered into force on the twentieth day after its publication of 26 June 2026, with most of its rules applying from 17 January 2028.",
            "links": {
                "eu-law": [
                    "fdi-screening-regulation-2026-1386"
                ]
            },
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:fdi-screening-regulation/fdi-screening-regulation-event-8"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "Publications Office: Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, Official Journal text",
                    "url": "https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/60d5b929-70fa-11f1-9800-01aa75ed71a1.0006.03/DOC_1",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-27",
                    "locator": "OJ header (L series 2026/1386, 26.6.2026); final article on entry into force on the twentieth day following publication"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "In force",
            "display_date": "16 July 2026",
            "upcoming": false
        },
        {
            "id": "quantum-act-proposal-planned",
            "date": "2026-Q4",
            "date_text": "Fourth quarter of 2026 (planned)",
            "title": "Quantum Act proposal planned",
            "institution": "European Commission",
            "type": "legislation",
            "status": "announced",
            "summary": "The Commission's Have your say page plans the EU Quantum Act, a proposal for a regulation, for the fourth quarter of 2026 after a call for evidence that closed on 15 December 2025, and EUR-Lex showed no proposal when checked.",
            "links": [],
            "same_as": [
                "legislation:quantum-act/quantum-act-next-1"
            ],
            "sources": [
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Have your say: EU quantum Act (initiative 15512)",
                    "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/15512-EU-quantum-Act_en",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Initiative 15512: foreseen act a proposal for a regulation, planned period Q4 2026, call for evidence for an impact assessment published 29 October 2025 with feedback until 15 December 2025, proposal stage upcoming; read through the portal's public initiative service"
                },
                {
                    "title": "European Commission, Shaping Europe's digital future: Quantum (last update 23 June 2026)",
                    "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/quantum",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "Section on the EU Quantum Act: call for evidence and adoption scheduled for 2026"
                },
                {
                    "title": "EUR-Lex: quick search for \"Quantum Act\", newest first",
                    "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?text=%22Quantum+Act%22&scope=EURLEX&type=quick&lang=en&sortOne=DD&sortOneOrder=desc",
                    "retrieved": "2026-10-21",
                    "locator": "31 results, the newest dated 17/06/2026; no proposal for a Quantum Act among them"
                }
            ],
            "type_label": "Legislation",
            "status_label": "Announced (planned)",
            "display_date": "Fourth quarter of 2026 (planned)",
            "upcoming": true
        }
    ]
}