Quantum talent pipeline
Where Europe trains quantum talent and where quantum work is found: programmes, research fellowships and grants on the supply side; job postings and companies on the demand side; and the countries where demand signals meet few listed programmes. Counts only, from the sources named under each table; no person is named and nothing is ranked or scored.
- 101 quantum offers in the course directory
- 42 master’s programmes
- 973 MSCA and ERC quantum grants (CORDIS)
- 17 open job postings on the portal
Supply
Quantum offers by country and type
Source: the course directory of the portal. The chart shows the 12 countries with most offers; the table below lists every country.
Show the chart data
| Item | Master's programme (offers) | Course (offers) | Certificate course (offers) | Summer or winter school (offers) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 6 offers | 2 offers | 3 offers | 2 offers |
| France | 8 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers |
| Italy | 5 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers |
| Spain | 5 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers |
| Austria | 3 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 1 offers |
| Denmark | 2 offers | 1 offers | 0 offers | 1 offers |
| Sweden | 3 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 1 offers |
| Netherlands | 3 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers |
| Switzerland | 2 offers | 0 offers | 1 offers | 0 offers |
| United Kingdom | 3 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers |
| Luxembourg | 1 offers | 1 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers |
| Poland | 1 offers | 0 offers | 0 offers | 1 offers |
| Country | Master's programme | Course | Certificate course | Summer or winter school | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 13 |
| France | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Italy | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Spain | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Austria | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Denmark | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Sweden | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Netherlands | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Switzerland | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Luxembourg | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Poland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Czechia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Finland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Ireland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Norway | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Portugal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Slovakia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Slovenia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
The course directory is a source-verified selection, not a census: a country with few offers listed may have programmes the directory does not yet hold. Open the course directory
MSCA and ERC quantum grants by host country
Source: CORDIS quantum project snapshot. The chart shows the 12 host countries with most grants; the table lists every country.
Show the chart data
| Item | ERC grants (grants) | MSCA postdoctoral fellowships (grants) | MSCA doctoral networks (grants) | Other MSCA actions (staff exchanges, COFUND) (grants) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 103 grants | 53 grants | 2 grants | 2 grants |
| France | 74 grants | 50 grants | 4 grants | 4 grants |
| United Kingdom | 43 grants | 59 grants | 3 grants | 1 grants |
| Spain | 33 grants | 58 grants | 4 grants | 0 grants |
| Italy | 36 grants | 26 grants | 4 grants | 2 grants |
| Netherlands | 37 grants | 24 grants | 5 grants | 0 grants |
| Austria | 30 grants | 25 grants | 0 grants | 1 grants |
| Denmark | 26 grants | 26 grants | 4 grants | 0 grants |
| Switzerland | 26 grants | 21 grants | 0 grants | 0 grants |
| Israel | 32 grants | 1 grants | 0 grants | 0 grants |
| Finland | 15 grants | 15 grants | 0 grants | 0 grants |
| Belgium | 11 grants | 8 grants | 1 grants | 0 grants |
| Host country | ERC grants | MSCA postdoctoral fellowships | MSCA doctoral networks | Other MSCA actions (staff exchanges, COFUND) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 103 | 53 | 2 | 2 | 160 |
| France | 74 | 50 | 4 | 4 | 132 |
| United Kingdom | 43 | 59 | 3 | 1 | 106 |
| Spain | 33 | 58 | 4 | 0 | 95 |
| Italy | 36 | 26 | 4 | 2 | 68 |
| Netherlands | 37 | 24 | 5 | 0 | 66 |
| Austria | 30 | 25 | 0 | 1 | 56 |
| Denmark | 26 | 26 | 4 | 0 | 56 |
| Switzerland | 26 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
| Israel | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
| Finland | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| Belgium | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 20 |
| Sweden | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Ireland | 3 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 19 |
| Poland | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 11 |
| Slovenia | 7 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
| Hungary | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Luxembourg | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Czechia | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Norway | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Cyprus | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Portugal | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Greece | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Lithuania | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Bulgaria | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Latvia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Türkiye | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| ERC grant type | Grants |
|---|---|
| Starting Grant | 208 |
| Consolidator Grant | 147 |
| Advanced Grant | 90 |
| Synergy Grant | 15 |
| Proof of Concept | 42 |
Education indicators of the Flagship KPI booklet (EU level)
The booklet gives no PhD-level indicator: no count of doctoral candidates, doctorates awarded or doctoral programmes. Its education indicators and its job creation indicator are shown as published, for the EU as a whole.
| Indicator | Unit | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2030 target |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eco 4: Job creation | jobs | n/a | n/a | 3850 | 5777 | 10000 |
| Edu 1: Outreach | events | 7 | 33 | 38 | 122 | 100 |
| Edu 2: Education: modules | modules (validated) | 0 (0 validated) | 20 (12 validated) | 45 (21) | 56 (32) | 180 (90 validated) |
| Edu 3: Adoption | entities | 1 | 17 | 43 | 47 | 225 |
| Edu 4: Diversity and equity | entities | 0 | 10 | 15 | 18 | 90 |
Source: Key Performance Indicators for Quantum Technologies in Europe, Quantum Flagship Strategic Advisory Board, 2025-03. All KPIs in the KPI observatory
Quantum offers per million inhabitants
Sources: the course directory of the portal; Eurostat population on 1 January (tps00001). Small countries with one offer stand out: read with the counts.
Show the chart data
| Item | Value (per million) |
|---|---|
| Luxembourg | 2.9 per million |
| Denmark | 0.7 per million |
| Slovenia | 0.5 per million |
| Austria | 0.4 per million |
| Sweden | 0.4 per million |
| Switzerland | 0.3 per million |
| Finland | 0.2 per million |
| Ireland | 0.2 per million |
| Norway | 0.2 per million |
| Slovakia | 0.2 per million |
| Netherlands | 0.2 per million |
| Germany | 0.2 per million |
| Country | Offers | Per million inhabitants | Population year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luxembourg | 2 | 2.89 | 2026 |
| Denmark | 4 | 0.66 | 2026 |
| Slovenia | 1 | 0.47 | 2026 |
| Austria | 4 | 0.43 | 2026 |
| Sweden | 4 | 0.38 | 2026 |
| Switzerland | 3 | 0.33 | 2026 |
| Finland | 1 | 0.18 | 2026 |
| Ireland | 1 | 0.18 | 2026 |
| Norway | 1 | 0.18 | 2026 |
| Slovakia | 1 | 0.18 | 2026 |
| Netherlands | 3 | 0.17 | 2026 |
| Germany | 13 | 0.16 | 2026 |
| France | 8 | 0.12 | 2026 |
| Spain | 5 | 0.10 | 2026 |
| Czechia | 1 | 0.09 | 2026 |
| Portugal | 1 | 0.09 | 2026 |
| Italy | 5 | 0.08 | 2026 |
| Poland | 2 | 0.06 | 2026 |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 0.04 | 2026 |
Demand
Open quantum job postings by country and role type
Source: the job postings collected by the portal from public job boards whose terms allow it.
Show the chart data
| Item | Value (postings) |
|---|---|
| Spain | 6 postings |
| United Kingdom | 3 postings |
| France | 2 postings |
| Germany | 2 postings |
| Poland | 2 postings |
| Austria | 1 postings |
| Denmark | 1 postings |
| Country | PhD position | Postdoctoral position | Internship | Fellowship | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Denmark | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Spain | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 |
| France | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Poland | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Postings on the portal are a sample of the market, not all quantum jobs in Europe; one posting can stand for several positions. Browse the open positions
Companies by country
Source: CORDIS quantum organisation snapshot (activity type PRC).
Show the chart data
| Item | Value (organisations) |
|---|---|
| Germany | 127 organisations |
| France | 84 organisations |
| Italy | 54 organisations |
| Netherlands | 54 organisations |
| Spain | 49 organisations |
| United Kingdom | 37 organisations |
| Greece | 23 organisations |
| Austria | 21 organisations |
| Switzerland | 20 organisations |
| Finland | 16 organisations |
| Poland | 16 organisations |
| Denmark | 15 organisations |
| Country | Private for-profit organisations in CORDIS quantum projects | Companies on the portal's company list |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 127 | 14 |
| France | 84 | 9 |
| Italy | 54 | 5 |
| Netherlands | 54 | 1 |
| Spain | 49 | 8 |
| United Kingdom | 37 | 16 |
| Greece | 23 | 0 |
| Austria | 21 | 1 |
| Switzerland | 20 | 6 |
| Finland | 16 | 4 |
| Poland | 16 | 0 |
| Denmark | 15 | 1 |
| Portugal | 12 | 0 |
| Israel | 9 | 2 |
| Belgium | 9 | 0 |
| Cyprus | 9 | 0 |
| Czechia | 7 | 0 |
| Sweden | 6 | 2 |
| Slovenia | 6 | 0 |
| Ireland | 5 | 0 |
| Lithuania | 5 | 0 |
| Japan | 4 | 6 |
| Bulgaria | 4 | 0 |
| Hungary | 4 | 0 |
| Luxembourg | 4 | 0 |
| Romania | 4 | 0 |
| Latvia | 3 | 0 |
| Norway | 3 | 0 |
| Türkiye | 3 | 0 |
| Estonia | 2 | 1 |
| Croatia | 1 | 0 |
| Malta | 1 | 0 |
| Slovakia | 1 | 0 |
| South Korea | 1 | 0 |
| Ukraine | 1 | 0 |
| Canada | 0 | 6 |
Neither count is a census of quantum companies: the first counts companies taking part in EU-funded projects, the second the companies found in open sources and linked or approved on the portal.
Demand and listed programmes
Each country is placed in one band by fixed thresholds: demand signals are at or above a threshold when at least 10 private for-profit organisations take part in CORDIS quantum projects or at least 10 job postings are open on the portal; "at most 1 programme listed" counts in-country offers of the course directory. The bands describe the data the portal holds; they are not a judgement of a national education system.
- Demand signals at or above a threshold; at most one programme listed: 3 countries
- Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed: 10 countries
- Two or more programmes listed; demand signals below the thresholds: 2 countries
- Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed: 21 countries
| Country | Master's programmes | Other offers | Offers per million | MSCA and ERC grants | Private for-profit CORDIS organisations | Companies in the portal's company list (incomplete) | Open job postings | Band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 3 | 1 | 0.43 | 56 | 21 | 1 | 1 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Belgium | 0 | 0 | n/a | 20 | 9 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Bulgaria | 0 | 0 | n/a | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Croatia | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Cyprus | 0 | 0 | n/a | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Czechia | 1 | 0 | 0.09 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Denmark | 2 | 2 | 0.66 | 56 | 15 | 1 | 1 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Estonia | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Finland | 1 | 0 | 0.18 | 30 | 16 | 4 | 0 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; at most one programme listed |
| France | 8 | 0 | 0.12 | 132 | 84 | 9 | 2 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Germany | 6 | 7 | 0.16 | 160 | 127 | 14 | 2 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Greece | 0 | 0 | n/a | 3 | 23 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; at most one programme listed |
| Hungary | 0 | 0 | n/a | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Ireland | 1 | 0 | 0.18 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Italy | 5 | 0 | 0.08 | 68 | 54 | 5 | 0 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Latvia | 0 | 0 | n/a | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Lithuania | 0 | 0 | n/a | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Luxembourg | 1 | 1 | 2.89 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | Two or more programmes listed; demand signals below the thresholds |
| Malta | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Netherlands | 3 | 0 | 0.17 | 66 | 54 | 1 | 0 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Poland | 1 | 1 | 0.06 | 11 | 16 | 0 | 2 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Portugal | 1 | 0 | 0.09 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; at most one programme listed |
| Romania | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Slovakia | 0 | 1 | 0.18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Slovenia | 0 | 1 | 0.47 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Spain | 5 | 0 | 0.10 | 95 | 49 | 8 | 6 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Sweden | 3 | 1 | 0.38 | 20 | 6 | 2 | 0 | Two or more programmes listed; demand signals below the thresholds |
| Norway | 1 | 0 | 0.18 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Switzerland | 2 | 1 | 0.33 | 47 | 20 | 6 | 0 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 0 | 0.04 | 106 | 37 | 16 | 3 | Demand signals at or above a threshold; two or more programmes listed |
| Israel | 0 | 0 | n/a | 33 | 9 | 2 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Türkiye | 0 | 0 | n/a | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Ukraine | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Canada | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| Japan | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
| South Korea | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Demand signals below the thresholds; at most one programme listed |
Method, sources and limits
- Programmes: in-country offers of the portal’s source-verified course directory (compiled 2026-10-30), by kind; a joint degree counts in each of its countries; online offers have no country.
- MSCA and ERC grants: Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe projects of the CORDIS quantum snapshot (title, acronym or topic naming quantum or qubit; retrieved 2026-10-16) whose funding scheme is an ERC grant or an MSCA action, counted by the country of the coordinating organisation, which hosts the fellow or grantee. A grant is a project: a doctoral network with many partners counts once, under its coordinator.
- Education indicators: values copied exactly from the Quantum Flagship Strategic Advisory Board KPI booklet of March 2025 (compiled in the portal on 2026-10-23); the booklet has no PhD-level indicator.
- Per million inhabitants: Eurostat population on 1 January (dataset tps00001, retrieved 2026-10-21); source: Eurostat, reuse authorised with acknowledgement.
- Job postings: published postings of kind "job" on the portal whose deadline has not passed, counted by country and role type when the counts were computed; nothing else about a posting is used.
- Companies: CORDIS organisations of activity type PRC (private for-profit, excluding education) in quantum projects; and the portal’s company list (companies found in OpenAlex and Wikidata, linked to a portal organisation or approved by an editor).
- Computed on 2026-11-04 06:33 UTC. Counts are refreshed daily by cron and at every cache rebuild.