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KPI observatory

The key performance indicators that the Strategic Advisory Board of the Quantum Flagship uses to follow quantum technologies in Europe: 25 indicators in six areas, some with parts, from 2021 to 2024 against the targets for 2030.

Each card shows the official 2024 value and the 2030 target as published, the trajectory this portal calculates from the official values, and a live measure from the data of the portal where one exists. Live measures are proxies with their own method and coverage; they never replace the official values.

Source: Key Performance Indicators for Quantum Technologies in Europe (Quantum Flagship Strategic Advisory Board, March 2025). The 2024 values were measured in early 2025 through surveys of SAB, QCB, QuIC and QUCATS members and verified and validated by the SAB (booklet page 2).

Live measures assembled on 2026-11-02 from the stored data of the portal. Pilot, pending editorial review.

Download all indicators as JSON · Download all indicators as CSV · How the trajectory is calculated

The six areas are those of the KPI booklet, kept as published. The portal’s own technology pillars follow the draft SRIA 2026: Quantum Computing and Quantum Simulation below are the two parts of its computing and simulation pillar, and enabling technologies and the supply chain have no area of their own in the booklet. Why the portal uses four pillars

Goals and KPIs proposed in the draft SRIA 2026

At a glance

9 of 22 assessed indicators are on pace or have reached their 2030 target.

  • 1 Target reached
  • 8 On pace
  • 4 On pace only if growth compounds
  • 9 Slower than needed
  • 8 Not assessed

30 indicators and parts in total; 16 with a live measure of the portal. Status by the first measure of each indicator, calculated by this portal from the official values, not the colours of the booklet.

Definitions: Indicators by trajectory status; Trajectory towards the 2030 target

Ecosystem

  • Eco 1

    Investment

    2024, official
    344 M€
    2030 target
    1000 M€
    34% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Eco 1
    Official values of Eco 1 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    2021344 M€
    2022408 M€
    2023551 M€
    2024344 M€

    Slower than needed Recent pace +14.3 a year; needed +109.3 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    EU contribution to quantum projects by start year, and announced private rounds

    EUR 345 million (2025) EU maximum contribution of quantum projects starting in 2025, EUR million

    How it is calculated

    Two separate series, never added together. (1) The EU maximum contribution of the CORDIS quantum projects in the portal snapshot, summed by the year each project starts; only CORDIS rows are used, so a project that also appears in the Funding & Tenders snapshot is counted once, as on Follow the money. (2) Publicly announced private rounds of the investor view by announcement year, one total per currency: closed rounds with a disclosed amount only, acquisitions and listings left out, as on the rounds tracker.

    Coverage: The CORDIS snapshot of the portal (Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe projects matched as quantum); the curated rounds file (2023 onwards, not exhaustive).

    • EU grants are commitments to projects, not the venture, seed and public-private investment the SAB counts.
    • The current year is incomplete: projects are still being signed and rounds announced.
    • Rounds are a curated selection, not a census of European quantum investment.

    Data as of 2026-10-16.

    Definition: Eco 1 live measure: EU contribution by start year and announced rounds

    Details, method and sources Eco 1

  • Eco 2

    Lab-to-market

    2024, official
    101
    2030 target
    250
    40% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Eco 2
    Official values of Eco 2 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    202179
    202295
    202399
    2024101

    Slower than needed Recent pace +7.3 a year; needed +24.8 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    European companies in EU quantum projects, by year of their first project

    599 European companies Companies based in Europe (EU, EFTA, United Kingdom and countries associated to Horizon Europe) that have taken part in an EU-funded quantum project; companies of any country are counted on the supply-chain page

    How it is calculated

    Companies of the investor view screener (private for-profit organisations in European countries taking part in the CORDIS quantum projects, entities of one company grouped through reviewed links), counted cumulatively by the start year of their first quantum project in the snapshot; SMEs as flagged in CORDIS.

    Coverage: Companies with at least one CORDIS quantum project; companies without EU funding are not seen.

    • The SAB counts SME members of QuIC; the portal counts companies in EU-funded projects, a different and larger population.
    • The first project year is not the founding year.

    Data as of 2026-11-02.

    Definition: Eco 2 live measure: European companies in EU quantum projects

    Details, method and sources Eco 2

  • Eco 3

    Lab-to-fab infrastructure and value chains

    2024, official
    30
    2030 target
    60
    50% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Eco 3
    Official values of Eco 3 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20211
    20229
    202322
    202430

    On pace Recent pace +9.7 a year; needed +5.0 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Catalogue facilities offering testing or fabrication services

    13 entries Catalogue entries naming a testing or fabrication service

    How it is calculated

    Entries of the infrastructure catalogue whose sources name a testing service or a fabrication service as an access route.

    Coverage: The source-verified infrastructure catalogue: EuroHPC, EuroQCI, Qu-Test and Qu-Pilot, Chips JU pilot lines and national platforms.

    • Several entries are networks or projects that group many sites; the SAB counts research institutions.
    • A named access route is not proof that SMEs can book the service today.
    • The catalogue has no history, so there is no yearly series.

    Data as of 2026-10-27.

    Definition: Eco 3 live measure: facilities offering testing or fabrication services

    Details, method and sources Eco 3

  • Eco 4

    Job creation

    2024, official
    5777
    2030 target
    10000
    58% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Eco 4
    Official values of Eco 4 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    2021n/a
    2022n/a
    20233850
    20245777

    On pace Recent pace +1927.0 a year; needed +703.8 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Quantum job postings collected on the portal, by year

    16 postings (2026) Job postings added to the portal in 2026

    How it is calculated

    Published job and position opportunities on the portal, counted by the year they were added.

    Coverage: Postings from qt.eu and the public job boards the portal reads.

    • Postings, not jobs created: one job can be posted more than once and many jobs are never posted on these boards.
    • The year is when the portal added the posting, not when the job was created.
    • The current year is incomplete.

    Data as of 2026-11-02.

    Definition: Eco 4 live measure: quantum job postings by year

    Details, method and sources Eco 4

  • Eco 5

    Patent creation and IP retention

    2024, official
    Top 2 globally
    2030 target
    Top 2 globally
    Values as a table Eco 5
    Official values of Eco 5 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    2021n/a
    2022n/a
    2023Top 2 globally
    2024Top 2 globally

    Not assessed The indicator is a rank or a description, not a quantity.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Published quantum patent documents per year (EPO landscape)

    3,577 documents (2025) Published documents in 2025, Quantum computing (CPC G06N 10/00 and its subgroups)

    How it is calculated

    The patent landscape of technology intelligence: published documents per publication year found by EPO Open Patent Services searches in CPC G06N 10 (quantum computing) and in H04L 9/0852 with H04B 10/70 (quantum communication), shown as two series.

    Coverage: Worldwide publications in those CPC groups, collected a few years per scheduled run while an OPS key is installed.

    • Documents, not patent families, and worldwide: the share of European applicants is not available because applicant countries are not collected yet, so no rank can be derived.
    • The two series can overlap and are not added together.
    • The last two years are incomplete.

    Data as of 2026-11-02.

    Definition: Eco 5 live measure: published quantum patent documents per year

    Details, method and sources Eco 5

  • Eco 6

    Supply chain and strategic autonomy

    2024, official
    48
    2030 target
    60
    80% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Eco 6
    Official values of Eco 6 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    202235
    202344
    202448

    On pace Recent pace +16.0 a year; needed +2.0 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Parts-tree components with companies in EU-funded projects

    9 of 83 components Components of the parts tree with a company in a matching EU-funded project

    How it is calculated

    Components of the source-verified parts tree for which at least one company takes part in a CORDIS quantum project whose title names the component, as on the technology map.

    Coverage: Components of the parts tree; CORDIS projects and organisations of the portal snapshot.

    • A company in an EU-funded project about a component is not proof that the component is produced in the EU.
    • The SAB counts components formerly imported and now made in the EU; the portal cannot observe imports.

    Data as of 2026-10-16.

    Definition: Eco 6 live measure: parts-tree components with companies in EU projects

    Details, method and sources Eco 6

Definitions: Official KPI values and 2030 targets; Progress towards the 2030 target; Trajectory towards the 2030 target

Quantum Communication

  • Comm 1

    Performance

    2024, official
    12
    2030 target
    20
    60% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comm 1
    Official values of Comm 1 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20212
    20225
    202311
    202412

    On pace Recent pace +3.3 a year; needed +1.3 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. No source of the portal records communication subsystems or their state of the art.

    Details, method and sources Comm 1

  • Comm 2a

    European technical leadership: quantum information networks

    2024, official
    10** km
    2030 target
    500 km
    2% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comm 2a
    Official values of Comm 2a as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20211.3 km
    20221.3* km
    20231.3* km
    202410** km

    On pace only if growth compounds Recent pace +2.9 a year; needed +81.7 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Distances of heralded entanglement come from experiments in the literature; the portal does not track them.

    Details, method and sources Comm 2a

  • Comm 2b

    European technical leadership: quantum secure networks

    2024, official
    248 km @1.4 bits/s***; 1 new realized protocol (BBM92)
    2030 target
    n/a (under review)
    Values as a table Comm 2b
    Official values of Comm 2b as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    2021-
    2022-
    2023248 km @1.4 bits/s***; 1 new realized protocol (BBM92)
    2024248 km @1.4 bits/s***; 1 new realized protocol (BBM92)

    Not assessed The indicator is a rank or a description, not a quantity.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Key exchange distances and new protocols come from experiments in the literature; the portal does not track them.

    Details, method and sources Comm 2b

  • Comm 3

    Deployment

    2024, official
    20 metropolitan areas; 10 nodes
    2030 target
    25 metropolitan areas; 75 nodes
    80% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comm 3
    Official values of Comm 3 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20211 metropolitan area; 8 nodes
    202215 metropolitan areas; 10 nodes
    202316 metropolitan areas; 10 nodes
    202420 metropolitan areas; 10 nodes

    On pace Recent pace +6.3 a year; needed +0.8 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    EuroQCI national projects and evidenced communication deployments

    25 countries Countries with a national EuroQCI project

    How it is calculated

    Countries with a national EuroQCI project in the infrastructure catalogue, and quantum communication records of the deployment tracker whose furthest evidenced milestone is delivered, commissioned or operational, against those only planned.

    Coverage: The infrastructure catalogue and the deployment tracker, both source-verified.

    • A national project is not a connected metropolitan area, and the tracker does not record QKD key rates or node counts.
    • The registries have no complete history, so there is no yearly series.

    Data as of 2026-10-28.

    Definition: Comm 3 live measure: countries with a national EuroQCI project

    Details, method and sources Comm 3

  • Comm 4

    Adoption

    2024, official
    10
    2030 target
    30
    33% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comm 4
    Official values of Comm 4 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20215
    20229
    202310
    202410

    On pace only if growth compounds Recent pace +1.7 a year; needed +3.3 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Documented quantum communication use cases

    5 use cases Documented quantum communication use cases

    How it is calculated

    Use cases of the adoption directory classified as quantum communication, counted cumulatively by the year of their source. Post-quantum cryptography cases are classical security and are not counted.

    Coverage: The source-verified use cases of the adoption directory.

    • A curated selection of documented cases, not every service on the market.

    Data as of 2026-10-21.

    Definition: Comm 4 live measure: documented quantum communication use cases

    Details, method and sources Comm 4

Definitions: Official KPI values and 2030 targets; Progress towards the 2030 target; Trajectory towards the 2030 target

Quantum Computing

  • Comp 1

    Performance

    2024, official
    0
    2030 target
    3
    0% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comp 1
    Official values of Comp 1 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    20220
    20230
    20240

    Slower than needed Recent pace +0.0 a year; needed +0.5 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Quantum advantage needs benchmark results the portal does not hold.

    Details, method and sources Comp 1

  • Comp 2c

    European technical leadership: factoring

    2024, official
    15
    2030 target
    n/a* (under review)
    Values as a table Comp 2c
    Official values of Comp 2c as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    2021-
    2022-
    202315
    202415

    Not assessed The 2030 target is not set or under review.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Benchmark results (factoring) are not held by the portal.

    Details, method and sources Comp 2c

  • Comp 3

    European impact leadership

    2024, official
    102
    2030 target
    500
    20% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comp 3
    Official values of Comp 3 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    202170
    202270
    202397
    2024102

    Slower than needed Recent pace +10.7 a year; needed +66.3 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Documented quantum computing use cases

    17 use cases Documented quantum computing use cases

    How it is calculated

    Use cases of the adoption directory classified as quantum computing, counted cumulatively by the year of their source.

    Coverage: The source-verified use cases of the adoption directory.

    • A curated selection; the SAB counts the QuIC use-case database, which is much larger.

    Data as of 2026-10-21.

    Definition: Comp 3 live measure: documented quantum computing use cases

    Details, method and sources Comp 3

  • Comp 4a

    Accessibility: facilities

    2024, official
    9
    2030 target
    10
    90% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comp 4a
    Official values of Comp 4a as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    20224
    20236
    20249

    On pace Recent pace +3.0 a year; needed +0.2 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Computing facilities with a documented access route

    11 facilities Inaugurated or operating computing facilities with a call, online or commercial access

    How it is calculated

    Quantum computers and computing user platforms of the infrastructure catalogue that are inaugurated or in operation and whose sources name a call, online access or commercial access.

    Coverage: The source-verified infrastructure catalogue.

    • Facilities, not entities, and not limited to fully European stacks.
    • The catalogue has no history, so there is no yearly series.

    Data as of 2026-10-27.

    Definition: Comp 4a live measure: computing facilities with a documented access route

    Details, method and sources Comp 4a

  • Comp 4b

    Accessibility: HPC/QCS network

    2024, official
    2
    2030 target
    5
    40% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Comp 4b
    Official values of Comp 4b as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    20220
    20230
    20242

    On pace Recent pace +0.7 a year; needed +0.5 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    EuroHPC quantum systems commissioned and accepting applications

    6 systems EuroHPC quantum computers and simulators commissioned or operational and accepting applications

    Target reached in the count of the portal, compared with the 2030 target

    How it is calculated

    Systems of the deployment tracker in the EuroHPC programme, for computing or simulation, whose evidence shows them commissioned (inaugurated) or operational and whose user access is open, counted cumulatively by the year of commissioning. This follows the Digital Decade wording quoted by the booklet: operational and accessible to user communities.

    Coverage: The source-verified deployment tracker; national machines outside EuroHPC are shown apart and not counted.

    • Inaugurated is not always confirmed production operation; the tracker says so per system.
    • Access dates are often not stated, so the year is the commissioning year.

    Data as of 2026-10-28.

    Definition: Comp 4b live measure: EuroHPC quantum systems accepting applications

    Details, method and sources Comp 4b

Definitions: Official KPI values and 2030 targets; Progress towards the 2030 target; Trajectory towards the 2030 target

Quantum Simulation

  • Sim 1

    Performance

    2024, official
    0
    2030 target
    8
    0% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Sim 1
    Official values of Sim 1 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    20220
    20230
    20240

    Slower than needed Recent pace +0.0 a year; needed +1.3 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Quantum advantage needs benchmark results the portal does not hold.

    Details, method and sources Sim 1

  • Sim 2

    Increase market adoption: applications

    2024, official
    0
    2030 target
    12
    0% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Sim 2
    Official values of Sim 2 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    20220
    20230
    20240

    Slower than needed Recent pace +0.0 a year; needed +2.0 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Products introduced on the basis of quantum simulation are not recorded by any source of the portal.

    Details, method and sources Sim 2

  • Sim 3

    Performance: available simulators

    2024, official
    4
    2030 target
    n/a* (under review)

    Not assessed The 2030 target is not set or under review.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Quantum simulators in the infrastructure catalogue

    2 simulators Quantum simulators inaugurated or in operation

    How it is calculated

    Quantum simulators of the infrastructure catalogue that are inaugurated or in operation, with those planned shown apart.

    Coverage: The source-verified infrastructure catalogue.

    • Availability is not quantum advantage: the SAB counts simulators giving results classical computers cannot obtain.
    • The catalogue has no history, so there is no yearly series.

    Data as of 2026-10-27.

    Definition: Sim 3 live measure: quantum simulators in operation

    Details, method and sources Sim 3

  • Sim 4

    Increase market adoption: use cases

    2024, official
    1
    2030 target
    n/a* (under review)

    Not assessed The 2030 target is not set or under review.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Documented quantum simulation use cases

    1 use cases Documented quantum simulation use cases

    How it is calculated

    Use cases of the adoption directory classified as quantum simulation, counted cumulatively by the year of their source.

    Coverage: The source-verified use cases of the adoption directory.

    • A curated selection; a documented case need not run on an EU quantum simulator.

    Data as of 2026-10-21.

    Definition: Sim 4 live measure: documented quantum simulation use cases

    Details, method and sources Sim 4

  • Sim 5

    European technical leadership

    2024, official
    100
    2030 target
    5000
    2% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Sim 5
    Official values of Sim 5 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    2021-
    2022100
    2023100
    2024100

    Slower than needed Recent pace +0.0 a year; needed +816.7 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Qubit or particle counts of simulators are not recorded by the catalogue or the tracker.

    Details, method and sources Sim 5

Definitions: Official KPI values and 2030 targets; Progress towards the 2030 target; Trajectory towards the 2030 target

Quantum Sensing and Metrology

  • Sens 1

    Market readiness

    2024, official
    8
    2030 target
    20
    40% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Sens 1
    Official values of Sens 1 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20213
    20225
    20236
    20248

    On pace only if growth compounds Recent pace +1.7 a year; needed +2.0 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Sensing technology families with confirmed organisations

    4 of 5 families Sensing families with at least one confirmed organisation

    How it is calculated

    Families of the sensing pillar of the shared quantum technology taxonomy with at least one organisation whose classification is confirmed.

    Coverage: The taxonomy index of the portal: organisations classified by source fields, keyword rules or editors.

    • Technology families, not product classes, and organisations, not products sold: at most as many as the families the taxonomy defines.
    • The index has no history, so there is no yearly series.

    Data as of 2026-11-02.

    Definition: Sens 1 live measure: sensing families with confirmed organisations

    Details, method and sources Sens 1

  • Sens 2

    Next-generation technologies

    2024, official
    6
    2030 target
    7
    86% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Sens 2
    Official values of Sens 2 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    20222
    20235
    20246

    On pace Recent pace +2.0 a year; needed +0.2 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Demonstrations of advanced quantum effects come from the literature; the portal does not track them.

    Details, method and sources Sens 2

Definitions: Official KPI values and 2030 targets; Progress towards the 2030 target; Trajectory towards the 2030 target

Education

  • Edu 1

    Outreach

    2024, official
    122
    2030 target
    100
    100% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Edu 1
    Official values of Edu 1 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20217
    202233
    202338
    2024122

    Target reached The last official value meets the 2030 target.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Events on the portal, by start year

    90 events (2025) Events on the portal starting in 2025

    How it is calculated

    Published events on the portal counted by the year they start, with the events whose categories name education, training, schools or outreach shown apart.

    Coverage: Events imported from qt.eu and the event feeds the portal reads, and events added by editors.

    • Every event the portal lists, not only those promoted under the Flagship criteria.
    • Category names come from the sources and are not always set.

    Data as of 2026-11-02.

    Definition: Edu 1 live measure: events on the portal by start year

    Details, method and sources Edu 1

  • Edu 2

    Education: modules

    2024, official
    56 (32)
    2030 target
    180 (90 validated)
    31% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Edu 2
    Official values of Edu 2 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210 (0 validated)
    202220 (12 validated)
    202345 (21)
    202456 (32)

    Slower than needed Recent pace +18.7 a year; needed +20.7 a year to 2030.

    Live measure (portal proxy, not the official value)

    Courses and degrees in the course directory

    27 free online offers Free online courses, certificates and schools

    How it is calculated

    Entries of the course directory, with free online courses, certificates and schools as the headline because they are closest to open modules; master's programmes and the other entries are shown apart.

    Coverage: The source-verified course directory.

    • Courses and degrees, not curated and validated open-source modules of the Flagship repository.
    • The directory has no history, so there is no yearly series.

    Data as of 2026-10-30.

    Definition: Edu 2 live measure: free online courses in the course directory

    Details, method and sources Edu 2

  • Edu 3

    Adoption

    2024, official
    47
    2030 target
    225
    21% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Edu 3
    Official values of Edu 3 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20211
    202217
    202343
    202447

    On pace only if growth compounds Recent pace +15.3 a year; needed +29.7 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Adoption of the competence framework is reported to the Flagship, not published per organisation; see the framework on the skills page.

    Details, method and sources Edu 3

  • Edu 4

    Diversity and equity

    2024, official
    18
    2030 target
    90
    20% of the 2030 target
    Values as a table Edu 4
    Official values of Edu 4 as published by the SAB
    YearValue
    20210
    202210
    202315
    202418

    Slower than needed Recent pace +6.0 a year; needed +12.0 a year to 2030.

    Live measure

    No automatic measure. Contributions reported to the European Quantum Readiness Center are not published as open data.

    Details, method and sources Edu 4

Definitions: Official KPI values and 2030 targets; Progress towards the 2030 target; Trajectory towards the 2030 target

How the trajectory is calculated

  • Recent pace: the yearly change from the first to the last numeric official value, (last - first) / years between them.
  • When the official values rise and fall (for example Eco 1: 344, 408, 551 and 344), the first and last values alone would hide the movement between them, so the recent pace is the least-squares slope of all numeric values (a straight line fitted through them), and the compound rate comes from the same fit on their logarithms. The formula of each indicator says which method was used.
  • Needed pace: (2030 target - last value) / years left until 2030.
  • On pace when the recent pace is at least the needed pace; target reached when the last value already meets the target; on pace only if growth compounds when the yearly growth rate of the same years, kept until 2030, would reach the target although the linear pace would not; slower than needed otherwise.
  • Not assessed: ranks, descriptions, indicators with fewer than two numeric values, and targets under review.
  • Progress bars appear only where the value and the target share a unit.

The booklet marks each indicator with one of these four colours (page 4). The colours are not reproduced here; the booklet itself shows them. Some 2030 targets are still under discussion and shown as n/a; the targets of Communication 2b, Computing 2 and Simulation 3 and 4 are under review (booklet pages 3 and 20).

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