EU regulations, decisions, directives, recommendations and communications that set up the programmes, joint undertakings, infrastructures and rules framing European quantum activity, with each date, Official Journal reference and in-force status as EUR-Lex states it, and a link to the act on EUR-Lex.
Bibliographic references compiled from EUR-Lex, the Publications Office (Cellar) and the Commission's official pages on the date shown. Titles are the official titles as published, without the EEA relevance note; each relevance sentence is the portal's own wording. Not legal advice: EUR-Lex is authoritative, consolidated versions may differ from the act as adopted, and later amendments may not be listed yet. Owner-reviewed for demonstration, 28 October 2026. Compiled 2026-10-27.
20 acts
Quantum Europe Strategy: Quantum Europe in a Changing World
Number
COM/2025/363 final
Type of act
Communication
Area
Strategy and targets
CELEX number
52025DC0363
Adopted
2025-07-02
Why it matters for quantum
The Commission's strategy for quantum technologies in five areas, from research and infrastructures to skills; it announces a Quantum Act proposal for 2026 and an extension of the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking to all quantum technologies.
Decision (EU) 2022/2481 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 establishing the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030
Number
Decision (EU) 2022/2481
Type of act
Decision
Area
Strategy and targets
CELEX number
32022D2481
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2022/2481/oj
Adopted
2022-12-14
Official Journal
OJ L 323, 19.12.2022, pp. 4–26
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2023-01-08)
Why it matters for quantum
Sets the Union's digital targets for 2030; one of them (Article 4(1), point (2)(d)) is that the Union has its first computer with quantum acceleration by 2025, on the way to cutting-edge quantum capabilities by 2030.
Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1290/2013 and (EU) No 1291/2013
Establishes the EU's framework programme for research and innovation; quantum technologies belong to the key digital technologies area of its Digital, Industry and Space cluster, where a recital says quantum research should be prioritised.
Regulation (EU) 2021/694 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2021 establishing the Digital Europe Programme and repealing Decision (EU) 2015/2240
Establishes the Digital Europe Programme, which funds the deployment of post-exascale supercomputing integrated with quantum computing technologies, and advanced digital skills that include quantum technologies.
Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 of 13 July 2021 on establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1488
Sets up the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking, whose EuroHPC supercomputers include quantum computers, quantum simulators and hybrid classical-quantum computers, and whose Union funding covers acquiring and operating them.
Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150 of 16 January 2026 amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 on establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking
Number
Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Joint undertaking
CELEX number
32026R0150
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/150/oj
Adopted
2026-01-16
Official Journal
OJ L, 2026/150, 19.1.2026
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2026-01-20)
Why it matters for quantum
Extends the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking's mission to quantum computing infrastructure and adds a quantum technologies pillar covering computing and simulation, communication, sensing and metrology, including work towards fault-tolerant quantum computers.
Council Regulation (EU) 2023/1782 of 25 July 2023 amending Regulation (EU) 2021/2085 establishing the Joint Undertakings under Horizon Europe, as regards the Chips Joint Undertaking
Number
Council Regulation (EU) 2023/1782
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Joint undertaking
CELEX number
32023R1782
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1782/oj
Adopted
2023-07-25
Official Journal
OJ L 229, 18.9.2023, pp. 55–62
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2023-09-21)
Why it matters for quantum
Renames the Key Digital Technologies Joint Undertaking as the Chips Joint Undertaking and tasks it with building advanced technology and engineering capacities for cutting-edge quantum chips.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1781 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s semiconductor ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/694 (Chips Act)
Number
Regulation (EU) 2023/1781
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Infrastructure and industrial capacity
CELEX number
32023R1781
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1781/oj
Adopted
2023-09-13
Official Journal
OJ L 229, 18.9.2023, pp. 1–53
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2023-09-21)
Why it matters for quantum
Defines a quantum chip and sets up the Chips for Europe Initiative, one of whose operational objectives is capacity for quantum chips: design libraries, pilot lines and facilities for testing and validating them.
Regulation (EU) 2023/588 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2023 establishing the Union Secure Connectivity Programme for the period 2023-2027
Number
Regulation (EU) 2023/588
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Infrastructure and industrial capacity
CELEX number
32023R0588
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/588/oj
Adopted
2023-03-15
Official Journal
OJ L 79, 17.3.2023, pp. 1–39
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2023-03-20)
Why it matters for quantum
Establishes the secure connectivity programme (IRIS²), which is to integrate the European Quantum Communication Infrastructure (EuroQCI) gradually and lists quantum communication services such as quantum key distribution among its governmental services.
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2024/1101 of 11 April 2024 on a Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography
Number
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2024/1101
Type of act
Recommendation
Area
Cybersecurity and cryptography
CELEX number
32024H1101
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2024/1101/oj
Adopted
2024-04-11
Official Journal
OJ L, 2024/1101, 12.4.2024
Why it matters for quantum
Asks Member States to define a coordinated roadmap, through a sub-group of the NIS Cooperation Group, for moving public administrations and other critical infrastructures to post-quantum cryptography.
Directive (EU) 2022/2555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union, amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 and Directive (EU) 2018/1972, and repealing Directive (EU) 2016/1148 (NIS 2 Directive)
Number
Directive (EU) 2022/2555
Type of act
Directive
Area
Cybersecurity and cryptography
CELEX number
32022L2555
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2555/oj
Adopted
2022-12-14
Official Journal
OJ L 333, 27.12.2022, pp. 80–152
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2023-01-16)
Why it matters for quantum
Does not mention quantum itself, but requires policies on the use of cryptography among cybersecurity risk-management measures and sets up the NIS Cooperation Group, on which the post-quantum cryptography Recommendation (EU) 2024/1101 builds.
Regulation (EU) 2026/1386 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2026 on the screening of foreign investments in the Union and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/452
Number
Regulation (EU) 2026/1386
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Economic security, investment and trade
CELEX number
32026R1386
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1386/oj
Adopted
2026-06-17
Official Journal
OJ L, 2026/1386, 26.6.2026
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2026-07-16)
Why it matters for quantum
Makes foreign investment screening mandatory in every Member State for a common minimum scope that includes targets producing, researching or developing quantum technologies, defined in Annex I as quantum computing, communications and sensing; quantum chips count as semiconductor technologies.
Regulation (EU) 2021/821 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items (recast)
The EU regime for controlling exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items; its Annex I control list, updated by delegated regulations, covers quantum cryptography and, since the 2025 update, quantum computers and related components.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2003 of 8 September 2025 amending Regulation (EU) 2021/821 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the list of dual-use items
Number
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/2003
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Economic security, investment and trade
CELEX number
32025R2003
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2025/2003/oj
Adopted
2025-09-08
Official Journal
OJ L, 2025/2003, 14.11.2025
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2025-11-15)
Why it matters for quantum
The 2025 update of the EU dual-use control list, adding controls agreed by the Member States in May 2025, among them entry 4A506 on quantum computers above a qubit and error threshold and related electronic assemblies and components.
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2023/2113 of 3 October 2023 on critical technology areas for the EU's economic security for further risk assessment with Member States
Number
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2023/2113
Type of act
Recommendation
Area
Economic security, investment and trade
CELEX number
32023H2113
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2023/2113/oj
Adopted
2023-10-03
Official Journal
OJ L, 2023/2113, 11.10.2023
Why it matters for quantum
Names quantum technologies (computing, cryptography, communications, sensing and radar) as one of the four technology areas with the most sensitive and immediate risks, for a collective risk assessment with Member States.
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2025/63 of 15 January 2025 on reviewing outbound investments in technology areas critical for the economic security of the Union
Number
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2025/63
Type of act
Recommendation
Area
Economic security, investment and trade
CELEX number
32025H0063
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2025/63/oj
Adopted
2025-01-15
Official Journal
OJ L, 2025/63, 15.1.2025
Why it matters for quantum
Asks Member States to review outbound investments in advanced semiconductors, artificial intelligence and quantum technologies (computing, communications and sensing), the areas judged most likely to leak technology through such investments.
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements and amending Regulations (EU) No 168/2013 and (EU) 2019/1020 and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Cyber Resilience Act)
Number
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Cybersecurity and cryptography
CELEX number
32024R2847
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj
Adopted
2024-10-23
Official Journal
OJ L, 2024/2847, 20.11.2024
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2024-12-10)
Amended by
Regulation (EU) 2025/327
Why it matters for quantum
Sets cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements, including protecting data confidentiality with state of the art encryption; the text does not name quantum, but the requirement applies to the cryptography of every product placed on the EU market.
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on digital operational resilience for the financial sector and amending Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009, (EU) No 648/2012, (EU) No 600/2014, (EU) No 909/2014 and (EU) 2016/1011
Number
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Cybersecurity and cryptography
CELEX number
32022R2554
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2554/oj
Adopted
2022-12-14
Official Journal
OJ L 333, 27.12.2022
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2023-01-16)
Why it matters for quantum
Sets ICT risk-management, incident-reporting and resilience-testing duties for financial entities; the act does not name quantum or post-quantum cryptography, and the portal's PQC guide refers to it for the financial sector.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/482 of 31 January 2024 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/881 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the adoption of the European Common Criteria-based cybersecurity certification scheme (EUCC)
Establishes the EU Common Criteria certification scheme (EUCC) for ICT products, whose evaluations apply the state-of-the-art documents listed in its Annex I; the ECCG agreed cryptographic mechanisms applied in it include post-quantum ones (see the standards tracker).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 of 17 October 2024 laying down rules for the application of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards technical and methodological requirements of cybersecurity risk-management measures and further specification of the cases in which an incident is considered to be significant with regard to DNS service providers, TLD name registries, cloud computing service providers, data centre service providers, content delivery network providers, managed service providers, managed security service providers, providers of online market places, of online search engines and of social networking services platforms, and trust service providers
Number
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690
Type of act
Regulation
Area
Cybersecurity and cryptography
CELEX number
32024R2690
ELI
http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/2690/oj
Adopted
2024-10-17
Official Journal
OJ L, 2024/2690, 18.10.2024
Status on EUR-Lex
In force (entry into force 2024-11-07)
Why it matters for quantum
Specifies NIS2 risk-management measures for digital service providers; Annex point 9 requires a cryptography policy on algorithms, cipher strength and cryptographic agility, and the text does not name quantum, while the proposed NIS2 amendment adds post-quantum transition policies.