Skip to main content

Instrument navigator for policy makers

Decision support, not legal advice. This navigator orders options from your answers with a fixed, published rule set; it does not decide. The legal basis, the work programme, the call conditions and the Financial Regulation prevail. Check with the responsible Directorate-General, the implementing body and your legal service before choosing an instrument.

Something to do and not sure which EU instrument fits? Answer a few questions (each has "Not sure") and the navigator ranks the instruments that could do it: Horizon Europe actions and partnerships, Digital Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, the EuroHPC and Chips Joint Undertakings, procurement procedures, pre-commercial procurement and public procurement of innovation, EIC and EIB Group finance, State aid and IPCEI, Member State-managed funds and networks. Each result says why it fits, why not, who runs it and what to read next.

Questionnaire

Answer what you know; "Not sure" never counts against an instrument. Questions that do not matter for your goal are set aside.

1. What do you want to do?

The main purpose of the action. Pick the closest; the other questions refine it.

2. How should the EU act?

Funding others (grants), buying for itself or for public authorities (procurement), investing or lending, or pooling Member States and national programmes.

3. How mature is the technology?

Technology readiness levels (TRL) as in the Horizon Europe General Annexes: 1-3 basic principles to proof of concept, 4-6 validation and demonstration in a relevant environment, 7-8 prototype in an operational environment to a qualified system, 9 proven in operation.

4. Who should do the work or receive the support?

The organisations that carry out the action or are supported.

5. How many countries take part?

Where the action takes place and who must join.

6. Will national or regional money co-fund it?

Some instruments need Member State or national co-funding; others are funded by the EU budget alone.

7. What is the order of magnitude of the money involved?

Total public money for the action, EU and national together.

8. When must it start?

Instruments that need a new work programme, a Member State agreement or a Commission decision take longer than a call already planned.

9. Must the results belong to the public buyer?

In grants the beneficiaries own the results; in procurement the buyer usually owns or uses them; in pre-commercial procurement the suppliers keep the intellectual property and the buyer gets use rights.

10. Is the subject security-sensitive?

Security-sensitive: participation may be limited to EU-controlled entities (as Horizon Europe Article 22(5) and Digital Europe Article 12 allow). Defence: military use or classified information.

Start again

Security or defence goals: the defence instruments are shown in the restricted view for Commission and Member State users.

Instruments that fit your answers

Your answers
  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants)

8 instruments fit, best first.

Fit with your answersHow well each instrument fits the answers given, in per cent of the weights it could earn; the best fit is highlighted.0%25%50%75%100%Chips JU pilot linesChips JU pilot lines: 100%100%Horizon Europe IAHorizon Europe IA: 79%79%Institutionalised partnership…Institutionalised partnership (JU): 79%79%Chips competence centresChips competence centres: 79%79%GBER (block-exempted aid)GBER (block-exempted aid): 79%79%State aid R&D&I frameworkState aid R&D&I framework: 79%79%Cohesion policy funds (ERDF)Cohesion policy funds (ERDF): 79%79%Horizon Europe RIAHorizon Europe RIA: 58%58%
Show the data
Fit with your answers
ItemValue (%)
Chips JU pilot lines100%
Horizon Europe IA79%
Institutionalised partnership (JU)79%
Chips competence centres79%
GBER (block-exempted aid)79%
State aid R&D&I framework79%
Cohesion policy funds (ERDF)79%
Horizon Europe RIA58%

1. Chips JU pilot lines, including quantum chip pilot lines (Chips for Europe Initiative)

Strong fit: 100% · Joint Undertakings (EuroHPC, Chips) · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is a primary purpose.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
Maturity (TRL)
The quantum chip FPAs should reach TRL 8 overall and TRL 6 under the first Specific Grant Agreement. (Funding & Tenders portal topic HORIZON-JU-Chips-FPA-QAC-1 Quantum Chip Technology for stability Pilots, Topic description)
Who owns the results
Time to grant or contract
Legal basis
Who to contact
Chips Joint Undertaking (Brussels)
Next steps
  • Pilot lines are selected through Chips JU calls with the participating states co-funding; check the Chips JU work programme.
Verification
Partly verified. The Chips Act articles and annex, the Chips JU amending regulation, the main multiannual work programme, two quantum FPA topic records, a Chips JU press release and one project page were read. The work-programme appendices with the call-level funding rates and the names of all six quantum pilots were not available. The digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu pages (including the EUR 65 million quantum chips news) returned HTTP 403, so the six-pilot description relies on the Chips JU press release.

All facts and sources for Chips JU pilot lines

2. Horizon Europe Innovation Action (IA)

Strong fit: 79% · Horizon Europe: collaborative actions · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Maturity (TRL)
TRL definitions 1-9 apply where a topic sets a TRL; no TRL range is fixed for the IA action type in the General Annexes. (Horizon Europe Work Programme 2026-2027, Part 15: General Annexes, General Annex B, Technology Readiness Levels, p. 15)
Who owns the results
Beneficiaries own the results they generate, with the same access-rights and transfer-objection rules as for other Horizon Europe grants. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Articles 38(1), 40(4), 41)
Time to grant or contract
Legal basis
Regulation (EU) 2021/695, Article 2(33) and Article 34(2)(a). (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Articles 2(33), 34(2)(a))
Who to contact
HaDEA / DG CNECT (Cluster 4 digital); National Contact Points
Next steps
  • Check the current work programme for an innovation action topic; a new one needs the next work programme and committee opinion.
  • Plan the 70% rate for profit-making participants in the budget.
Verification
Partly verified. Rules were read in full in the Regulation and General Annexes. No quantum IA topic exists in the 2026-2027 Cluster 4 work programme (its quantum topics are RIA/CSA, all cancelled), and no quantum HORIZON-IA project was confirmed on CORDIS, so quantum_examples and typical_size are left empty.

All facts and sources for Horizon Europe IA

3. Institutionalised European Partnerships (Article 185/187 TFEU, e.g. Joint Undertakings such as EuroHPC JU and Chips JU)

Strong fit: 79% · European partnerships and Missions · Partnership or body that runs other instruments

Why this

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
The Union contribution to EuroHPC JU is up to EUR 4 122 300 000, including up to EUR 1 660 000 000 from Horizon Europe, of which EUR 160 000 000 is for quantum R&I. (Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150 of 16 January 2026 amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 on establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, Article 1, point (4) (replacing Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) 2021/1173))
Maturity (TRL)
EuroHPC quantum-pillar work programmes must include indirect R&I actions up to TRL 5 funded at 100% of eligible costs. (Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150 of 16 January 2026 amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 on establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, Recital (11); Article 34(2) of Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 as replaced)
Who owns the results
Institutionalised partnerships must give the Commission access to results and action information for developing, implementing and monitoring Union policies. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Annex III, point 2(e))
Legal basis
Regulation (EU) 2021/695 Article 10(1)(c) and Annex III; for EuroHPC, Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 as amended by Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150 (Article 187 TFEU). (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 10(1)(c); Annex III)
Who to contact
EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (quantum, HPC); Chips Joint Undertaking (semiconductors)
Next steps
  • A new Joint Undertaking or a change of mandate needs a Commission proposal and a Council regulation (Article 187 TFEU).
  • For quantum, check first what the EuroHPC and Chips Joint Undertakings already cover.
Verification
Partly verified. Article 10 and Annex III were read in full; Regulation 2026/150 was read in full text but only the quantum-relevant parts are cited. The Chips JU page was read only partly (its counters did not render), and the full Chips JU Regulation 2021/2085 was not read.

All facts and sources for Institutionalised partnership (JU)

4. Chips JU competence centres (European network of chips competence centres) and design platform

Strong fit: 79% · Joint Undertakings (EuroHPC, Chips) · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
EU budgets for the Initiative calls are matched by commensurate national contributions, unless marked as 100 % EU funded. (Chips JU Multiannual Work Programme 2023-2027, Version 20.0 (main document; appendices are separate), Section 2.1, note under the budget table)
Typical size
Time to grant or contract
DIGITAL-Chips-2024-SG-CCC-1 opened on 4 July 2024 and closed on 2 October 2024. (Funding & Tenders portal topic DIGITAL-Chips-2024-SG-CCC-1 Competence Centers, Topic actions, opening and deadline dates)
Legal basis
Regulation (EU) 2023/1781, Article 11 (European network of competence centres) and Article 5(a) / Annex I Part I (design platform), and Article 12 (implementation by the Chips JU). (Regulation (EU) 2023/1781 establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe's semiconductor ecosystem (Chips Act), Articles 5, 11, 12; Annex I Parts I and IV)
Who to contact
Chips Joint Undertaking, via the national competence centre designated by each Member State
Next steps
  • Each competence centre is designated by its Member State and co-funded through the Chips JU.
Verification
Partly verified. The Chips Act Article 11 and annexes, the 2024 competence-centre topic record and the main Chips JU work programme were read. The number of selected centres, their funding rate and the Commission news on the competence centres (digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu, HTTP 403) could not be read, and the Chips JU competence-centre page returned 'Page Not Found'. No quantum-specific competence-centre example was found on an official page.

All facts and sources for Chips competence centres

5. General Block Exemption Regulation (Commission Regulation (EU) No 651/2014) - R&D aid

Strong fit: 79% · State aid and IPCEI · State aid rules (national money under EU rules)

Why this

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
Who owns the results
If an EDF co-funded beneficiary receives more than the Article 25 intensity, it must pay a market price to use the resulting IPR or prototypes for non-defence applications, capped at the excess aid. (Commission Regulation (EU) No 651/2014 (GBER), consolidated text of 01.07.2023 (incl. Regulation (EU) 2023/1315), Article 25e(4))
Legal basis
Commission Regulation (EU) No 651/2014, as amended (last by Regulation (EU) 2023/1315), applies until 31 December 2026. (Commission Regulation (EU) No 651/2014 (GBER), consolidated text of 01.07.2023 (incl. Regulation (EU) 2023/1315), Article 59)
Who to contact
National State aid granting authorities; European Commission DG COMP
Next steps
  • A national scheme within the GBER conditions and thresholds needs no prior notification; report it to the Commission within 20 working days.
Verification
Partly verified. Read Articles 4, 25, 25e, 26, 58 and 59 of the consolidated GBER (01.07.2023, the latest consolidation listed in Cellar) via the Publications Office, and the DG COMP GBER review page. No official page naming a quantum GBER measure was read.

All facts and sources for GBER (block-exempted aid)

6. Framework for State aid for research and development and innovation (2022/C 414/01)

Strong fit: 79% · State aid and IPCEI · State aid rules (national money under EU rules)

Why this

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
The Framework gives guidance on the Commission's compatibility assessment under Article 107(3)(c) TFEU for R&D&I aid schemes and individual aid that must be notified. (Framework for State aid for research and development and innovation (2022/C 414/01), Points 2 and 15)
Funding rate or co-funding
Who owns the results
In pre-commercial procurement there is no State aid if, among other conditions, either all IPR goes to the public purchaser with free dissemination of non-IPR results, or providers keeping IPR give the purchaser unlimited free access and grant third parties access (e.g. non-exclusive licences) at market conditions. (Framework for State aid for research and development and innovation (2022/C 414/01), Point 34(d))
Legal basis
Article 107(3)(c) TFEU; notification under Article 108(3) TFEU. (Framework for State aid for research and development and innovation (2022/C 414/01), Points 2 and 14)
Who to contact
European Commission, DG COMP (State aid notifications via national authorities)
Next steps
  • National aid above the GBER thresholds or outside its conditions is notified to DG COMP and assessed under the framework.
Verification
Partly verified. Read the R&D&I Framework (2022/C 414/01) via the Publications Office, focusing on points 10-16, 32-35, 76-95 and Annex II; other sections were not reviewed in full. No Commission decision on a quantum R&D&I aid measure was read.

All facts and sources for State aid R&D&I framework

7. Cohesion policy funds (ERDF Regulation (EU) 2021/1058; CPR (EU) 2021/1060; STEP Regulation (EU) 2024/795)

Strong fit: 79% · Funds managed by the Member States · Shared management (Member State programmes)

Why this

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Maximum co-financing rates under Investment for jobs and growth: 85% for less developed regions, 70% for transition regions formerly less developed, 60% for transition regions, 50% for more developed regions formerly in transition, 40% for more developed regions. (Regulation (EU) 2021/1060 (Common Provisions Regulation), consolidated text of 01.07.2026, Article 112(3))
Legal basis
Who to contact
National or regional managing authorities of ERDF programmes
Next steps
  • Projects are selected by the national or regional managing authority under its programme; quantum must fit the smart specialisation strategy.
Verification
Partly verified. Read the consolidated ERDF Regulation (20.09.2025), the consolidated CPR (01.07.2026) and the STEP Regulation via the Publications Office, the Quantum Europe Strategy and a Spanish ministry press release. Kohesio (project database) returned HTTP 403, so no ERDF-funded quantum project is listed; the Spanish example names ERDF only at strategy level.

All facts and sources for Cohesion policy funds (ERDF)

8. Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Action (RIA)

Good fit: 58% · Horizon Europe: collaborative actions · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.

Watch out

  • Goal: Build industrial or manufacturing capacity is possible, but not its main use. It is mainly for: Research: new knowledge, early-stage science; Innovation: develop, test or demonstrate a technology.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
Maturity (TRL)
Who owns the results
Time to grant or contract
Legal basis
Regulation (EU) 2021/695: Article 2(32) definition, Article 22 eligibility, Article 34 funding rates, Articles 38-41 ownership, exploitation and access rights. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Articles 2(32), 22, 34, 38-41)
Who to contact
European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA) / DG CNECT for Cluster 4 digital topics; National Contact Points
Next steps
  • Check whether a topic in the current Horizon Europe work programme (or the EuroHPC JU quantum calls since 2026) covers it; a new topic needs the next work programme and the programme committee.
  • Talk to the unit in charge of the work programme part and to the national contact points.
Verification
Verified. Regulation 2021/695, Decision 2021/764, General Annexes 2026-2027 and the Cluster 4 work programme were read in full text at the cited locations; CORDIS records were read via the CORDIS JSON export. The General Annexes give no TRL range per action type.

All facts and sources for Horizon Europe RIA

Compare the top results side by side

Less likely, but possible

Why not the others: 35 instruments ruled out

Compare instruments

Tick two to four instruments; the first four ticked are compared.

Horizon Europe: collaborative actions
Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening
European Innovation Council
European partnerships and Missions
Digital Europe Programme
Connecting Europe Facility (Digital)
Joint Undertakings (EuroHPC, Chips)
Procurement procedures (Financial Regulation)
Innovation procurement (PCP and PPI)
Finance: equity, loans and guarantees
State aid and IPCEI
Funds managed by the Member States
Networks and national partnerships

Decision tree

What you want to do, then how the EU acts, then the instruments the rules rank first from those two answers alone. The full questionnaire refines the order. Each branch opens the questionnaire with those two answers.

Worked examples

  • Install a quantum computer for European users

    A Member State and its national supercomputing centre want a quantum computer coupled to a supercomputer, open to European users, owned by the public side.

    The rules rank first: EuroHPC JU quantum computer procurement; Competitive dialogue

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • QKD testbeds and links across Member States

    Several Member States want national quantum communication infrastructures connected across borders as part of EuroQCI.

    The rules rank first: EuroQCI national projects (DEP); CEF Digital (EuroQCI links)

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A public need no product meets yet

    Public authorities need a quantum-safe sensing or timing service that does not exist yet; they want suppliers to develop and test competing solutions.

    The rules rank first: Pre-commercial procurement (PCP); Innovation partnership

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Scale up a quantum start-up

    A European quantum hardware start-up with a working prototype needs money to grow and reach the market.

    The rules rank first: EIC Accelerator; EIC Fund (equity)

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A pilot line for quantum chips

    Research and technology organisations from several Member States want a shared pilot line to fabricate and test quantum chips, with national co-funding.

    The rules rank first: Chips JU pilot lines; IPCEI

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Attract and train quantum researchers

    A ministry wants more top quantum researchers and doctoral candidates in its universities.

    The rules rank first: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; ERA Chairs

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Align national quantum research programmes

    National funders of several countries want joint calls for quantum research, each funding its own teams.

    The rules rank first: Programme co-fund (co-funded partnership); QuantERA

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Collaborative research on quantum sensing

    Universities and companies from several countries want to advance quantum sensors from proof of concept to lab validation.

    The rules rank first: Horizon Europe RIA; EuroHPC JU quantum grants

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Support standardisation and a community roadmap

    The Commission wants European stakeholders to coordinate their input to quantum standards and update a strategic roadmap.

    The rules rank first: Horizon Europe CSA; COST Action

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A first industrial deployment across Member States

    Several Member States want to support companies in a large first industrial deployment of quantum technologies, beyond what the market would fund.

    The rules rank first: IPCEI; Chips JU pilot lines

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Buy an existing service

    A Commission service needs a study or an off-the-shelf service on post-quantum migration, available on the market today.

    The rules rank first: Open procedure; Restricted procedure

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Network researchers across Europe and beyond

    Researchers want a pan-European network with partners outside the EU for meetings, training schools and short visits.

    The rules rank first: COST Action; Horizon Europe CSA

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A regional quantum programme

    A region wants to fund quantum testbeds and company projects from its regional development programme.

    The rules rank first: Cohesion policy funds (ERDF); Teaming for Excellence

    Open this example in the questionnaire

All instruments

Open an instrument for all its facts, sources, contact and next steps. The CSV and JSON downloads hold the whole knowledge base.

Horizon Europe: collaborative actions

Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening

European Innovation Council

European partnerships and Missions

Digital Europe Programme

Connecting Europe Facility (Digital)

Joint Undertakings (EuroHPC, Chips)

Procurement procedures (Financial Regulation)

Innovation procurement (PCP and PPI)

Finance: equity, loans and guarantees

State aid and IPCEI

Funds managed by the Member States

Networks and national partnerships

How the navigator decides

Each answer you give (not "Not sure", and not a question set aside for your goal) is compared with the fit profile of every instrument. An instrument earns the question's weight when your answer is one of the options its profile lists; for the goal it earns the weight times the level its profile gives that goal (3 a primary purpose, 2 a common use, 1 possible but not its main use, 0 not for this). The score is the share of the weights it earned among those it could earn, in per cent; a question its profile leaves empty does not matter for it and counts neither way. A mismatch on a blocking question (the goal at level 0, how the EU acts, who must own the results, sensitivity) rules the instrument out and the reason is shown. Ties go to the higher goal level, then to the order of the knowledge base. Results at 75% or more are a strong fit, at 55% or more a good fit, from 40% a possible fit; at most eight are shown. The decision tree uses the same rules with the goal and the role answers alone. Nothing is learned from use and no AI is involved.

Weights of the questions
QuestionWeightA mismatch rules the instrument out
Goal30Yes
How the EU acts18Yes
Maturity12No
Who acts10No
Countries8No
National co-funding6No
Budget6No
Timeframe5No
Ownership of results10Yes
Sensitivity8Yes

48 instruments, 165 official sources; compiled 2026-10-25, assembled 2026-11-02; reviewed every 180 days, since work programmes change.

Knowledge base of EU instruments for the instrument navigator, compiled from official sources (EUR-Lex read through the Publications Office where EUR-Lex refused automated reading, the Funding & Tenders Portal, work programmes, Commission, agency and Joint Undertaking pages, CORDIS) on the dates shown with each source. Each fact is written in the portal's own words with its source and locator; figures appear only where the source states them. A record marked partly verified has at least one fact read on a summary page or a key page that could not be read. The fit profiles and weights are the portal's editorial rule set, documented in docs/modules/instrument-navigator.md, not official guidance.

Official pages that could not be read when compiled
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R0695: HTTP 202 with empty body (EUR-Lex bot challenge); read via Publications Office (2026-10-25)
  • https://erc.europa.eu/apply-grant/starting-grant: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://erc.europa.eu/apply-grant/proof-concept: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021-2027/horizon/wp-call/2026-2027/wp-2-msca-actions_horizon-2026-2027_en.pdf: HTTP 404 (wrong filename; correct file read instead) (2026-10-25)
  • https://eic.ec.europa.eu/investment-opportunities/eic-fund_en: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/activities/work-programmes-digital: HTTP 403 (curl, WebFetch and browser pane) (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/work-programme-2025-2027-digital-europe-programme-digital: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/amendment-digital-europe-programme-and-work-programme-2025-2027: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R0694: HTTP 202 with empty body; read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/edic: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022D2481: HTTP 202 with empty body; read via Publications Office (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-quantum-communication-infrastructure-euroqci: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R1153: HTTP 202 with empty body; read via Publications Office (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R1173: HTTP 202 with empty body (bot challenge); read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-invests-eu65-million-quantum-chips: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/factpages/european-chips-act-chips-europe-initiative: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/chips-competence-centres-strengthen-semiconductor-expertise-across-europe-about-kick: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.chips-ju.europa.eu/CompCentres/: Page Not Found (2026-10-25)
  • https://aar2024.chips-ju.europa.eu/annual-report/competence-centres: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.cost.eu/funding/how-to-get-funding/: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eurekanetwork.org/programmes-and-calls/eurostars/: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eurekanetwork.org/programmes-and-calls/network-projects/: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32024R2509: AWS WAF challenge / empty content; read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0024: AWS WAF challenge; read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/pre-commercial-procurement: HTTP 403 (WebFetch, curl and browser) (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021XC0706(02): EUR-Lex empty / WAF; the guidance was read from the Commission docsroom PDF (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/public-procurement-innovative-solutions: HTTP 403 (WebFetch, curl and browser) (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0697: Empty response (HTTP 202, 0 bytes); acts read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eib.org/en/products/equity/venture-debt/index: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare block) via curl, WebFetch and browser (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-207-finland-iqm-s-quantum-fabrication-facility-gets-a-eur35-million-boost-from-the-eib: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare block) (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eif.org/etci/index.htm: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eif.org/what_we_do/equity/escalar/index.htm: HTTP 403 (curl and WebFetch) (2026-10-25)
  • https://kohesio.ec.europa.eu/en/projects?keywords=quantum%20computer: HTTP 403 (curl and browser) (2026-10-25)
  • https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en: Redirects to a language-selection page; content read at reforms-investments.ec.europa.eu instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://eda.europa.eu/what-we-do/eu-defence-initiatives/projects: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)