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Instrument navigator for policy makers

Decision support, not legal advice. This navigator orders options from your answers with a fixed, published rule set; it does not decide. The legal basis, the work programme, the call conditions and the Financial Regulation prevail. Check with the responsible Directorate-General, the implementing body and your legal service before choosing an instrument.

Something to do and not sure which EU instrument fits? Answer a few questions (each has "Not sure") and the navigator ranks the instruments that could do it: Horizon Europe actions and partnerships, Digital Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, the EuroHPC and Chips Joint Undertakings, procurement procedures, pre-commercial procurement and public procurement of innovation, EIC and EIB Group finance, State aid and IPCEI, Member State-managed funds and networks. Each result says why it fits, why not, who runs it and what to read next.

Questionnaire

Answer what you know; "Not sure" never counts against an instrument. Questions that do not matter for your goal are set aside.

1. What do you want to do?

The main purpose of the action. Pick the closest; the other questions refine it.

2. How should the EU act?

Funding others (grants), buying for itself or for public authorities (procurement), investing or lending, or pooling Member States and national programmes.

3. How mature is the technology?

Technology readiness levels (TRL) as in the Horizon Europe General Annexes: 1-3 basic principles to proof of concept, 4-6 validation and demonstration in a relevant environment, 7-8 prototype in an operational environment to a qualified system, 9 proven in operation.

Not needed for the goal you chose; any answer here is ignored.

4. Who should do the work or receive the support?

The organisations that carry out the action or are supported.

5. How many countries take part?

Where the action takes place and who must join.

6. Will national or regional money co-fund it?

Some instruments need Member State or national co-funding; others are funded by the EU budget alone.

7. What is the order of magnitude of the money involved?

Total public money for the action, EU and national together.

8. When must it start?

Instruments that need a new work programme, a Member State agreement or a Commission decision take longer than a call already planned.

9. Must the results belong to the public buyer?

In grants the beneficiaries own the results; in procurement the buyer usually owns or uses them; in pre-commercial procurement the suppliers keep the intellectual property and the buyer gets use rights.

Not needed for the goal you chose; any answer here is ignored.

10. Is the subject security-sensitive?

Security-sensitive: participation may be limited to EU-controlled entities (as Horizon Europe Article 22(5) and Digital Europe Article 12 allow). Defence: military use or classified information.

Start again

Security or defence goals: the defence instruments are shown in the restricted view for Commission and Member State users.

Instruments that fit your answers

Your answers
  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants)

8 instruments fit, best first.

Fit with your answersHow well each instrument fits the answers given, in per cent of the weights it could earn; the best fit is highlighted.0%25%50%75%100%Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsMarie Skłodowska-Curie Actions: 100%100%ERA ChairsERA Chairs: 100%100%ERC grantERC grant: 79%79%Teaming for ExcellenceTeaming for Excellence: 79%79%TwinningTwinning: 79%79%Digital Europe grantDigital Europe grant: 79%79%Chips competence centresChips competence centres: 79%79%Cohesion policy funds (ERDF)Cohesion policy funds (ERDF): 79%79%
Show the data
Fit with your answers
ItemValue (%)
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions100%
ERA Chairs100%
ERC grant79%
Teaming for Excellence79%
Twinning79%
Digital Europe grant79%
Chips competence centres79%
Cohesion policy funds (ERDF)79%

1. Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (Doctoral Networks, Postdoctoral Fellowships, Staff Exchanges, COFUND)

Strong fit: 100% · Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a primary purpose.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
Who owns the results
Beneficiaries own their results; specific ownership, exploitation and access-right provisions may apply to training and mobility actions through the grant agreement. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Articles 38(1) and 42(1)-(2))
Time to grant or contract
Horizon Europe maxima: applicants learn the outcome within 5 months and grants are signed within 8 months of the submission deadline, unless the work programme sets shorter periods. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 31(1)-(2))
Legal basis
Who to contact
European Research Executive Agency (REA)
Next steps
  • Pick the action: Doctoral Networks, Postdoctoral Fellowships, Staff Exchanges or COFUND (co-funds regional and national programmes).
  • Bottom-up: any field, so quantum applicants compete with all disciplines.
Verification
Verified. I read the specific conditions and call tables of the MSCA Work Programme 2026-2027 PDF, the MSCA 'About' and Doctoral Networks pages, the REA 'About' page and the cited legal articles. MSCA calls are bottom-up and the work programme has no quantum topic, so the examples are CORDIS projects. The PDF tables were read from extracted text, so a few unit amounts were matched to columns by layout.

All facts and sources for Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

2. ERA Chairs (Widening participation and spreading excellence)

Strong fit: 100% · Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a primary purpose.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
Who owns the results
Beneficiaries own the results they generate; specific provisions may apply to coordination and support actions. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Articles 38(1) and 42(1))
Time to grant or contract
Horizon Europe maxima: 5 months to inform applicants and 8 months to sign grant agreements after the deadline. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 31(1))
Legal basis
Part 'Widening Participation and Strengthening the ERA' has EUR 3 212 000 000 indicative, of which EUR 2 842 000 000 is for 'widening participation and spreading excellence'. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 12(2)(d))
Who to contact
European Research Executive Agency (REA), Widening participation and spreading excellence
Next steps
  • Only institutions in widening countries can apply; they recruit an outstanding researcher and team.
  • Check the Widening part of the current Horizon Europe work programme.
Verification
Partly verified. I read the 2027 ERA Chairs topic in full in the Widening Work Programme 2026-2027, plus the cited legal articles. REA's role comes from REA's general programme list, which does not name ERA Chairs.

All facts and sources for ERA Chairs

3. European Research Council (ERC) grants: Starting, Consolidator, Advanced, Synergy, ERC Plus and Proof of Concept

Strong fit: 79% · Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Starting, Consolidator and Synergy grants reimburse actual costs at 100% of direct costs plus a 25% flat rate for indirect costs; Advanced and ERC Plus grants are single lump sums. (ERC Work Programme 2027, Annex to Commission Decision C(2026)4907, Section 1.2, p. 14)
Typical size
Who owns the results
Time to grant or contract
Legal basis
Who to contact
European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA)
Next steps
  • The ERC is investigator-driven: there are no topics to set; researchers apply with a host institution.
  • To attract top researchers, point them to the ERC calls and support hosts.
Verification
Partly verified. I read the ERC Work Programme 2027 PDF (sections 1.1-1.7 and 2.1), plus Articles 8-10 and 13 of Decision 2021/764 and the cited articles of Regulation 2021/695 via the Publications Office. erc.europa.eu grant pages returned HTTP 403, so ERCEA is named from the work programme text and no ERC web page was read.

All facts and sources for ERC grant

4. Teaming for Excellence (and the 2026 Teaming Synergies action)

Strong fit: 79% · Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
Who owns the results
Beneficiaries own the results they generate. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 38(1))
Time to grant or contract
Horizon Europe maxima: 5 months to inform applicants and 8 months to sign grant agreements. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 31(1))
Legal basis
Teaming is an area of intervention under 'widening participation and spreading excellence', funded from the EUR 2 842 000 000 envelope. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Annex I Part 'Widening Participation and Strengthening the ERA'; Article 12(2)(d))
Who to contact
European Research Executive Agency (REA), Widening participation and spreading excellence
Next steps
  • Pair an institution in a widening country with a leading advanced partner to create or upgrade a centre of excellence.
  • The national or regional authority commits complementary funding.
Verification
Partly verified. I read the Teaming 2025 topic in the Widening Work Programme 2023-2025 and the Teaming Synergies 2026 topic in the 2026-2027 work programme. The 2026-2027 table of contents lists no new Teaming for Excellence call. REA's role is inferred from its general Widening listing.

All facts and sources for Teaming for Excellence

5. Twinning

Strong fit: 79% · Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Twinning links an institution in a Widening country with at least two internationally leading institutions from two other Member States or Associated Countries, to raise its research profile and research management capacity. (Horizon Europe Work Programme 2026-2027, Part 11: Widening participation and strengthening the European Research Area, HORIZON-WIDERA-2026-02-WIDENING-01 Expected Outcome, p. 28)
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
The Commission estimates EUR 0.80-1.50 million per project; the 2026 Twinning topic has EUR 264.50 million; projects last up to 3 years. (Horizon Europe Work Programme 2026-2027, Part 11: Widening participation and strengthening the European Research Area, HORIZON-WIDERA-2026-02-WIDENING-01, pp. 26 and 29)
Who owns the results
Beneficiaries own the results they generate. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 38(1))
Time to grant or contract
Horizon Europe maxima: 5 months to inform applicants and 8 months to sign grant agreements. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Article 31(1))
Legal basis
Twinning is an area of intervention under 'widening participation and spreading excellence'. (Regulation (EU) 2021/695 establishing Horizon Europe, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, Annex I Part 'Widening Participation and Strengthening the ERA'; Article 12(2)(d))
Who to contact
European Research Executive Agency (REA), Widening participation and spreading excellence
Next steps
  • A university or research organisation in a widening country links with leading institutions in two other countries for staff exchanges and training.
Verification
Partly verified. I read the 2026 Twinning topic in full in the Widening Work Programme 2026-2027 and the cited legal articles. REA's role is inferred from its general Widening listing.

All facts and sources for Twinning

6. Digital Europe Programme simple grants and lump-sum grants

Strong fit: 79% · Digital Europe Programme · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Typical size
Who owns the results
Results are owned by the beneficiaries that generate them, unless the consortium agreement sets another regime; the granting authority does not obtain ownership. (DEP Model Grant Agreement (Multi & Mono, V1.0 01.11.2024), Article 16.2 (p. 42); Annex 5, Ownership of results (p. 89))
Time to grant or contract
Indicative timetable for DIGITAL-2025-SKILLS-08: deadline 2 October 2025, evaluation results January 2026, grant agreement signature April 2026. (Call document DIGITAL-2025-SKILLS-08 Advanced Digital Skills (V1.1, 17.07.2025), Section 4 (p. 35))
Legal basis
Regulation (EU) 2021/694: grants are one of the forms of funding (Article 14(2)) and are awarded under Title VIII of the Financial Regulation (Article 19). (Regulation (EU) 2021/694 establishing the Digital Europe Programme, Articles 14(2) and 19)
Who to contact
DG CNECT (work programme and quantum communication calls); HaDEA (most other DEP calls)
Next steps
  • Check the Digital Europe work programme for a topic; DEP funds deployment and capacity, not research.
  • Plan the co-funding share; Digital Europe grants usually cover half of the costs.
Verification
Partly verified. Regulation 2021/694 (original OJ text via the Publications Office; later amendments, e.g. by STEP, not checked), DEP call documents, topic data and the DEP MGA were read in full or in relevant part. The 2025-2027 DEP work programme itself could not be opened (digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu returned 403), so lump-sum use and rates are taken from a 2025 call document that implements it.

All facts and sources for Digital Europe grant

7. Chips JU competence centres (European network of chips competence centres) and design platform

Strong fit: 79% · Joint Undertakings (EuroHPC, Chips) · Grant (the beneficiaries carry out and own the work)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
EU budgets for the Initiative calls are matched by commensurate national contributions, unless marked as 100 % EU funded. (Chips JU Multiannual Work Programme 2023-2027, Version 20.0 (main document; appendices are separate), Section 2.1, note under the budget table)
Typical size
Time to grant or contract
DIGITAL-Chips-2024-SG-CCC-1 opened on 4 July 2024 and closed on 2 October 2024. (Funding & Tenders portal topic DIGITAL-Chips-2024-SG-CCC-1 Competence Centers, Topic actions, opening and deadline dates)
Legal basis
Regulation (EU) 2023/1781, Article 11 (European network of competence centres) and Article 5(a) / Annex I Part I (design platform), and Article 12 (implementation by the Chips JU). (Regulation (EU) 2023/1781 establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe's semiconductor ecosystem (Chips Act), Articles 5, 11, 12; Annex I Parts I and IV)
Who to contact
Chips Joint Undertaking, via the national competence centre designated by each Member State
Next steps
  • Each competence centre is designated by its Member State and co-funded through the Chips JU.
Verification
Partly verified. The Chips Act Article 11 and annexes, the 2024 competence-centre topic record and the main Chips JU work programme were read. The number of selected centres, their funding rate and the Commission news on the competence centres (digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu, HTTP 403) could not be read, and the Chips JU competence-centre page returned 'Page Not Found'. No quantum-specific competence-centre example was found on an official page.

All facts and sources for Chips competence centres

8. Cohesion policy funds (ERDF Regulation (EU) 2021/1058; CPR (EU) 2021/1060; STEP Regulation (EU) 2024/795)

Strong fit: 79% · Funds managed by the Member States · Shared management (Member State programmes)

Why this

  • Goal: Skills and talent: train or attract people is a common use.
  • How the EU acts: Fund others' projects (grants) fits.
What it is for
Funding rate or co-funding
Maximum co-financing rates under Investment for jobs and growth: 85% for less developed regions, 70% for transition regions formerly less developed, 60% for transition regions, 50% for more developed regions formerly in transition, 40% for more developed regions. (Regulation (EU) 2021/1060 (Common Provisions Regulation), consolidated text of 01.07.2026, Article 112(3))
Legal basis
Who to contact
National or regional managing authorities of ERDF programmes
Next steps
  • Projects are selected by the national or regional managing authority under its programme; quantum must fit the smart specialisation strategy.
Verification
Partly verified. Read the consolidated ERDF Regulation (20.09.2025), the consolidated CPR (01.07.2026) and the STEP Regulation via the Publications Office, the Quantum Europe Strategy and a Spanish ministry press release. Kohesio (project database) returned HTTP 403, so no ERDF-funded quantum project is listed; the Spanish example names ERDF only at strategy level.

All facts and sources for Cohesion policy funds (ERDF)

Compare the top results side by side

Less likely, but possible

Why not the others: 35 instruments ruled out

Compare instruments

Tick two to four instruments; the first four ticked are compared.

Horizon Europe: collaborative actions
Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening
European Innovation Council
European partnerships and Missions
Digital Europe Programme
Connecting Europe Facility (Digital)
Joint Undertakings (EuroHPC, Chips)
Procurement procedures (Financial Regulation)
Innovation procurement (PCP and PPI)
Finance: equity, loans and guarantees
State aid and IPCEI
Funds managed by the Member States
Networks and national partnerships

Decision tree

What you want to do, then how the EU acts, then the instruments the rules rank first from those two answers alone. The full questionnaire refines the order. Each branch opens the questionnaire with those two answers.

Worked examples

  • Install a quantum computer for European users

    A Member State and its national supercomputing centre want a quantum computer coupled to a supercomputer, open to European users, owned by the public side.

    The rules rank first: EuroHPC JU quantum computer procurement; Competitive dialogue

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • QKD testbeds and links across Member States

    Several Member States want national quantum communication infrastructures connected across borders as part of EuroQCI.

    The rules rank first: EuroQCI national projects (DEP); CEF Digital (EuroQCI links)

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A public need no product meets yet

    Public authorities need a quantum-safe sensing or timing service that does not exist yet; they want suppliers to develop and test competing solutions.

    The rules rank first: Pre-commercial procurement (PCP); Innovation partnership

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Scale up a quantum start-up

    A European quantum hardware start-up with a working prototype needs money to grow and reach the market.

    The rules rank first: EIC Accelerator; EIC Fund (equity)

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A pilot line for quantum chips

    Research and technology organisations from several Member States want a shared pilot line to fabricate and test quantum chips, with national co-funding.

    The rules rank first: Chips JU pilot lines; IPCEI

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Attract and train quantum researchers

    A ministry wants more top quantum researchers and doctoral candidates in its universities.

    The rules rank first: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; ERA Chairs

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Align national quantum research programmes

    National funders of several countries want joint calls for quantum research, each funding its own teams.

    The rules rank first: Programme co-fund (co-funded partnership); QuantERA

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Collaborative research on quantum sensing

    Universities and companies from several countries want to advance quantum sensors from proof of concept to lab validation.

    The rules rank first: Horizon Europe RIA; EuroHPC JU quantum grants

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Support standardisation and a community roadmap

    The Commission wants European stakeholders to coordinate their input to quantum standards and update a strategic roadmap.

    The rules rank first: Horizon Europe CSA; COST Action

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A first industrial deployment across Member States

    Several Member States want to support companies in a large first industrial deployment of quantum technologies, beyond what the market would fund.

    The rules rank first: IPCEI; Chips JU pilot lines

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Buy an existing service

    A Commission service needs a study or an off-the-shelf service on post-quantum migration, available on the market today.

    The rules rank first: Open procedure; Restricted procedure

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • Network researchers across Europe and beyond

    Researchers want a pan-European network with partners outside the EU for meetings, training schools and short visits.

    The rules rank first: COST Action; Horizon Europe CSA

    Open this example in the questionnaire

  • A regional quantum programme

    A region wants to fund quantum testbeds and company projects from its regional development programme.

    The rules rank first: Cohesion policy funds (ERDF); Teaming for Excellence

    Open this example in the questionnaire

All instruments

Open an instrument for all its facts, sources, contact and next steps. The CSV and JSON downloads hold the whole knowledge base.

Horizon Europe: collaborative actions

Horizon Europe: researchers, excellence and widening

European Innovation Council

European partnerships and Missions

Digital Europe Programme

Connecting Europe Facility (Digital)

Joint Undertakings (EuroHPC, Chips)

Procurement procedures (Financial Regulation)

Innovation procurement (PCP and PPI)

Finance: equity, loans and guarantees

State aid and IPCEI

Funds managed by the Member States

Networks and national partnerships

How the navigator decides

Each answer you give (not "Not sure", and not a question set aside for your goal) is compared with the fit profile of every instrument. An instrument earns the question's weight when your answer is one of the options its profile lists; for the goal it earns the weight times the level its profile gives that goal (3 a primary purpose, 2 a common use, 1 possible but not its main use, 0 not for this). The score is the share of the weights it earned among those it could earn, in per cent; a question its profile leaves empty does not matter for it and counts neither way. A mismatch on a blocking question (the goal at level 0, how the EU acts, who must own the results, sensitivity) rules the instrument out and the reason is shown. Ties go to the higher goal level, then to the order of the knowledge base. Results at 75% or more are a strong fit, at 55% or more a good fit, from 40% a possible fit; at most eight are shown. The decision tree uses the same rules with the goal and the role answers alone. Nothing is learned from use and no AI is involved.

Weights of the questions
QuestionWeightA mismatch rules the instrument out
Goal30Yes
How the EU acts18Yes
Maturity12No
Who acts10No
Countries8No
National co-funding6No
Budget6No
Timeframe5No
Ownership of results10Yes
Sensitivity8Yes

48 instruments, 165 official sources; compiled 2026-10-25, assembled 2026-11-02; reviewed every 180 days, since work programmes change.

Knowledge base of EU instruments for the instrument navigator, compiled from official sources (EUR-Lex read through the Publications Office where EUR-Lex refused automated reading, the Funding & Tenders Portal, work programmes, Commission, agency and Joint Undertaking pages, CORDIS) on the dates shown with each source. Each fact is written in the portal's own words with its source and locator; figures appear only where the source states them. A record marked partly verified has at least one fact read on a summary page or a key page that could not be read. The fit profiles and weights are the portal's editorial rule set, documented in docs/modules/instrument-navigator.md, not official guidance.

Official pages that could not be read when compiled
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R0695: HTTP 202 with empty body (EUR-Lex bot challenge); read via Publications Office (2026-10-25)
  • https://erc.europa.eu/apply-grant/starting-grant: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://erc.europa.eu/apply-grant/proof-concept: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/docs/2021-2027/horizon/wp-call/2026-2027/wp-2-msca-actions_horizon-2026-2027_en.pdf: HTTP 404 (wrong filename; correct file read instead) (2026-10-25)
  • https://eic.ec.europa.eu/investment-opportunities/eic-fund_en: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/activities/work-programmes-digital: HTTP 403 (curl, WebFetch and browser pane) (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/work-programme-2025-2027-digital-europe-programme-digital: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/amendment-digital-europe-programme-and-work-programme-2025-2027: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R0694: HTTP 202 with empty body; read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/edic: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022D2481: HTTP 202 with empty body; read via Publications Office (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-quantum-communication-infrastructure-euroqci: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R1153: HTTP 202 with empty body; read via Publications Office (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021R1173: HTTP 202 with empty body (bot challenge); read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-invests-eu65-million-quantum-chips: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/factpages/european-chips-act-chips-europe-initiative: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/chips-competence-centres-strengthen-semiconductor-expertise-across-europe-about-kick: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.chips-ju.europa.eu/CompCentres/: Page Not Found (2026-10-25)
  • https://aar2024.chips-ju.europa.eu/annual-report/competence-centres: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.cost.eu/funding/how-to-get-funding/: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eurekanetwork.org/programmes-and-calls/eurostars/: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eurekanetwork.org/programmes-and-calls/network-projects/: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32024R2509: AWS WAF challenge / empty content; read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0024: AWS WAF challenge; read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/pre-commercial-procurement: HTTP 403 (WebFetch, curl and browser) (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021XC0706(02): EUR-Lex empty / WAF; the guidance was read from the Commission docsroom PDF (2026-10-25)
  • https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/public-procurement-innovative-solutions: HTTP 403 (WebFetch, curl and browser) (2026-10-25)
  • https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R0697: Empty response (HTTP 202, 0 bytes); acts read via Publications Office instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eib.org/en/products/equity/venture-debt/index: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare block) via curl, WebFetch and browser (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-207-finland-iqm-s-quantum-fabrication-facility-gets-a-eur35-million-boost-from-the-eib: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare block) (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eif.org/etci/index.htm: HTTP 403 (2026-10-25)
  • https://www.eif.org/what_we_do/equity/escalar/index.htm: HTTP 403 (curl and WebFetch) (2026-10-25)
  • https://kohesio.ec.europa.eu/en/projects?keywords=quantum%20computer: HTTP 403 (curl and browser) (2026-10-25)
  • https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en: Redirects to a language-selection page; content read at reforms-investments.ec.europa.eu instead (2026-10-25)
  • https://eda.europa.eu/what-we-do/eu-defence-initiatives/projects: HTTP 404 (2026-10-25)