Technology intelligence: Enabling technologies and supply chain
What the portal holds about Enabling technologies and supply chain, each section with its sources, dates and limitations. Figures are observations of the named sources, not rankings, market shares or proof of where anything is made.
Figures assembled on 2026-11-02 from the stored copies of the sources.
Patent landscape
Status: no landscape series for this technology. Enabling technologies (cryogenics, photonics, electronics, materials, software) are classified by what they are, not by their use in quantum technologies, so no CPC group isolates their quantum use.
Patent families of companies taking part
Status: 67 of 67 companies looked up, latest lookup 2026-10-29. 557 distinct quantum patent families across them (every quantum CPC group searched).
| Company | Country in CORDIS | All quantum families | Looked up |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infineon Technologies AG | Germany | 214 | 2026-10-22 |
| IQM Finland OY | Finland | 104 | 2026-10-22 |
| Pasqal | France | 70 | 2026-10-22 |
| Thales | France | 52 | 2026-10-22 |
| ALICE & BOB | France | 48 | 2026-10-22 |
| Hqs Quantum Simulations GMBH | Germany | 12 | 2026-10-22 |
| Alpine Quantum Technologies GMBH | Austria | 11 | 2026-10-22 |
| Multiverse Computing SL | Spain | 10 | 2026-10-22 |
| Quandela | France | 8 | 2026-10-22 |
| Equal 1 Laboratories Ireland Limited | Ireland | 7 | 2026-10-23 |
Companies with families, by the country CORDIS records for them: Germany 5, France 5, Netherlands 4, Denmark 2, Spain 2, Austria 1, Switzerland 1, Finland 1, Ireland 1, Italy 1. This is where the company is registered in CORDIS, not the applicant residence of each patent or where anything is made.
These families cover every quantum CPC group searched, not this technology alone: no patent group isolates it.
Source: European Patent Office, Open Patent Services, under its terms of use; derived counts only. EPO Open Patent Services terms
Supply-chain stages and documented actors
The parts tree has no platform for this technology yet.
Supply-chain segments of the projects
251 projects; a project counts in every segment whose keywords its title names. 67 companies (private for-profit organisations in CORDIS) and 156 organisations in all take part.
| Segment | Projects | Companies |
|---|---|---|
| Cryogenics and cooling | 30 | 4 |
| Photonics, lasers and optics | 152 | 37 |
| Control electronics and cryo-CMOS | 25 | 3 |
| Materials, fabrication and foundry | 24 | 33 |
| Qubit hardware platforms | 24 | 22 |
| Quantum software and algorithms | 31 | 12 |
| Quantum communication and security systems | 33 | 11 |
| Quantum sensors and metrology devices | 24 | 7 |
| Other / not classified | 17 | 0 |
| Organisation | Country | Projects | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS | France | 6 | Research or other organisation |
| Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Denmark | 5 | Research or other organisation |
| Commissariat A L Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives | France | 4 | Research or other organisation |
| Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Italy | 4 | Research or other organisation |
| Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung Ev | Germany | 4 | Research or other organisation |
| Fundacio Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques | Spain | 3 | Research or other organisation |
| Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica | Italy | 3 | Research or other organisation |
| Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan | Sweden | 3 | Research or other organisation |
| Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften | Austria | 3 | Research or other organisation |
| Politecnico di Milano | Italy | 3 | Research or other organisation |
Documented here means taking part in an EU-funded project, as CORDIS records it. These organisations are not verified suppliers, and no customer or supplier relationship is inferred from shared projects.
Sources: CORDIS projects and organisations (Publications Office of the European Union), retrieved 2026-10-16; parts tree from public review articles. Supply-chain segments, projects and companies
Research and funding
251 projects in the sources used (CORDIS 47, ANR (France) 15, FWF Research Radar 5, NWOpen API (Netherlands) 5, Kohesio 2, OpenAIRE Graph (national funders) 52, Gateway to Research (United Kingdom) 107, ARAMIS (Switzerland) 10, Research Council of Norway 4, Research Ireland 4). A project belongs to this pillar when the portal classification has confirmed it there (an editor decision or a high-precision taxonomy rule on its title), as on the technology hub; this covers CORDIS, Funding & Tenders and national projects. Projects not confirmed in any pillar are not counted here.
| Measure | Total | Projects with an amount | Projects without one |
|---|---|---|---|
| award value (Gateway to Research) | GBP 40,190,090 | 69 | 0 |
| EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) | EUR 155,635,326.05 | 47 | 0 |
| ANR aid allocated | EUR 6,279,817.41 | 14 | 0 |
| funded amount | SEK 19,301,141 | 8 | 0 |
| approved FWF funding | EUR 2,215,574 | 5 | 0 |
| funded amount | EUR 1,531,842.40 | 5 | 0 |
| NWO award amount | EUR 2,134,996 | 4 | 0 |
| total eligible expenditure | EUR 1,119,637.49 | 2 | 0 |
| aid allocated (France 2030, operated by the ANR) | EUR 2,200,000 | 1 | 0 |
| NWO award amount | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| approved total costs | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| award value (Gateway to Research) | 0 | 0 | 38 |
| current total commitment | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| funded amount | 0 | 0 | 39 |
| total awarded | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Total cost (includes the award) | EUR 216,022,033.67 | 35 | 0 |
Each project counts once. A total adds the amount each source states for its projects within one measure and one currency only: EU contributions, national awards and other measures are never added together. Total cost includes the award and is shown separately. A country filter keeps whole projects with a participant in the country, so its total is not the country's share. Programme envelopes, partner shares, co-funding and payments are separate layers and are never added to awards; payments are not published by the sources used. Outputs are linked only through an explicit project or grant identifier or reviewed documentary evidence, never by name alone; only a reviewed document can show a demonstrated contribution. CORDIS and Funding & Tenders amounts are one measure, the EU contribution (maximum grant agreed in the grant agreement, not payments). Country codes EL and UK are read as GR (Greece) and GB (United Kingdom). National and regional rows whose title names no quantum technology are left out unless asked for.
| Start year | Projects |
|---|---|
| 2002 | 1 |
| 2006 | 1 |
| 2008 | 3 |
| 2009 | 3 |
| 2010 | 3 |
| 2012 | 1 |
| 2013 | 2 |
| 2014 | 2 |
| 2015 | 17 |
| 2016 | 9 |
| 2017 | 20 |
| 2018 | 15 |
| 2019 | 13 |
| 2020 | 16 |
| 2021 | 15 |
| 2022 | 30 |
| 2023 | 26 |
| 2024 | 33 |
| 2025 | 23 |
| 2026 | 18 |
| Country | Projects |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 112 |
| Switzerland | 36 |
| France | 30 |
| Germany | 27 |
| Italy | 20 |
| Denmark | 16 |
| Sweden | 15 |
| Netherlands | 13 |
| Austria | 12 |
| Finland | 11 |
Largest awards in euro
- SUPREME 1: SUPERCONDUCTING EUROPEAN QUANTUM PILOT LINE (EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) EUR 24,999,049.41, start 2026-04-01)
- Q-PLANET SGA1: Quantum Pilot Line for production of Advanced chips for Neutral atom European Technologies - Specific Agreement 1 (EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) EUR 24,991,274.91, start 2026-05-01)
- P4Q: Photonics for Quantum Pilot Line (EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) EUR 24,927,964.81, start 2026-04-01)
- QPIC1550: Quantum photonic integrated circuits at 1550 nm (EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) EUR 5,998,129.23, start 2023-12-04)
- QLASS: Quantum Glass-based Photonic Integrated Circuits (EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) EUR 5,994,221.59, start 2024-01-01)
Includes rows from the ANR open data: ANR, data.gouv.fr, ODbL 1.0; those rows are shared alike under the Open Database Licence.
Sources and retrieval dates: CORDIS 2026-10-16; EU Funding & Tenders Portal 2026-10-21; national 2026-10-24. Every award of this technology in Follow the money
Facilities and deployment
8 entries of the infrastructure catalogue name this pillar.
| Entry | Country | Status | First source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qu-Test | EU-wide or cross-border | Project period ended, per the source | Fraunhofer IAF: Qu-Test, retrieved 2026-10-19 |
| Qu-Pilot | EU-wide or cross-border | Project period ended, per the source | Fraunhofer IAF: Qu-Pilot, retrieved 2026-10-19 |
| SUPREME | EU-wide or cross-border | Project | Chips JU: SUPREME, Superconducting European Quantum Pilot Line, retrieved 2026-10-21 |
| P4Q | EU-wide or cross-border | Project | Chips JU: P4Q, Photonics for Quantum Pilot Line, retrieved 2026-10-21 |
| SPINS | EU-wide or cross-border | Project | Chips JU: SPINS, Semiconductor Pilot line for Industrial quantum NanoSystems, retrieved 2026-10-21 |
| DIREQT | EU-wide or cross-border | Project | Chips JU: DIREQT, Diamond for Industry REady Quantum Technologies, retrieved 2026-10-21 |
| Q-PLANET | EU-wide or cross-border | Project | Chips JU: Q-PLANET, Quantum Pilot Line for production of Advanced chips for Neutral atom European Technologies, retrieved 2026-10-21 |
| CHAMP-ION | EU-wide or cross-border | Project | Chips JU: CHAMP-ION, Championing a European Advanced Manufacturing Pilot Line of Ion-Traps, retrieved 2026-10-21 |
| Record | Level | Furthest evidenced milestone | Technical status | User access |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milestones of Qu-Test | Project | Accepting access applications | Project under way (as of 23 October 2026) | Access route documented; whether it is open now is not stated |
| Milestones of Qu-Pilot | Project | Accepting access applications | Project under way (as of 23 October 2026) | Access route documented; whether it is open now is not stated |
| Milestones of Chips JU quantum pilot lines | Programme or network | Funded or agreement signed | Programme or network, not a single machine (as of 11 December 2025) | Unknown |
| Milestones of SUPREME (Superconducting European Quantum Pilot Line) | Project | Funded or agreement signed | Project under way (as of 23 October 2026) | Not open yet; access expected per the source |
| Milestones of P4Q (Photonics for Quantum Pilot Line) | Project | Funded or agreement signed | Project under way (as of 28 October 2026) | Not open yet; access expected per the source |
| Milestones of DIREQT (Diamond for Industry REady Quantum Technologies) | Project | Funded or agreement signed | Project under way (as of 28 October 2026) | Not open yet; access expected per the source |
| Milestones of Q-PLANET (neutral-atom quantum pilot line) | Project | Funded or agreement signed | Project under way (as of 28 October 2026) | No external access stated by the source |
Technical status and user access are separate: an inauguration does not prove that outside users can apply. Forecasts are never counted as milestones.
Sources: the infrastructure catalogue and the deployment tracker of this portal, each entry checked against official pages (dates per entry). Catalogue entries of this pillar · Deployment tracker for this pillar
Regional positions
Only figures that state their geography are shown. Figures for different regions, definitions or years are listed side by side and never combined, scored or ranked.
Participation in these EU-funded projects
183 participations from EU Member States and 159 from other countries (one per project and country). EU programmes fund mainly participants in the EU and associated countries, so this is not a comparison of regional strength.
Figures from published reports about this technology
Status: no approved report figure is about this technology alone.
Figures about quantum technologies as a whole
Context only: these figures cover every quantum technology, not this one.
| Figure | Value | Geography | Period | Kind | Source and page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ten of the countries QuantERA surveyed in 2023 confirmed a national funding programme or strategy for quantum technologies: Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. | 10 countries | QuantERA member countries (31 EU Member States and associated countries) | 2023 | Observation | QuantERA, Quantum Technologies Public Policies in Europe (Second edition, 2023). Printed page 16, PDF page 16, Key findings, National policies, National QT strategies and initiatives. |
| Five surveyed countries funded quantum research through their national recovery and resilience programmes in 2023: Austria, Germany, Italy, Latvia and Spain. | 5 countries | QuantERA member countries (31 EU Member States and associated countries) | 2023 | Observation | QuantERA, Quantum Technologies Public Policies in Europe (Second edition, 2023). Printed page 16, PDF page 16, Key findings, QT programmes within national recovery and resilience programmes, footnote 8. |
| QuantERA's calls of 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 and 2025 add up to a funding budget of more than EUR 170 million and 140 projects recommended for funding. | over EUR 170 M (140 projects) (EUR million) | QuantERA participating countries | 2017-2025 | Observation | QuantERA, Funded Projects (Web page as read on 22 October 2026 (calls 2017 to 2025)). Projects funded by QuantERA, Second paragraph. |
| More than 30 countries have tailored policies for quantum technologies, including 18 OECD countries with comprehensive national quantum strategies. | over 30 countries (18 OECD countries with comprehensive strategies) | Worldwide | 2025 | Observation | OECD and European Patent Office, Mapping the global quantum ecosystem (December 2025). Printed page 2, PDF page 2, Forewords, Foreword by the OECD Secretary-General. |
| Quantum's share of public R&D project funding in the OECD Fundstat database rose from about 0.4% in 2015 to 1.1% in 2023, after a peak of 1.2% in 2022. | approximately 0.4% in 2015 to 1.1% by 2023 | 19 OECD countries and EU programmes in OECD Fundstat | 2015-2023 | Observation | OECD and European Patent Office, Mapping the global quantum ecosystem (December 2025). Printed page 23, PDF page 23, Executive summary, 6. R&D-focused public policies, Figure E11 and its notes. |
| QED-C estimates public funding commitments for quantum research and innovation at about USD 56.7 billion worldwide, after a rise of more than USD 12.7 billion in a year. | an estimated $56.7 billion (USD billion) | Worldwide | end of 2025 | Estimate | Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), managed by SRI International, Global Quantum Computing Market to Double by 2028 (press release on the State of the Global Quantum Industry 2026) (Press release of 14 April 2026). Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on public funding commitments. |
| The OECD and EPO report, citing QURECA, puts government commitments to quantum science and technology at about USD 55.7 billion worldwide since 2013, as of July 2025, and warns that such totals rest on announcements. | an estimated USD 55.7 billion | Worldwide | 2013-2025-07 | Estimate | OECD and European Patent Office, Mapping the global quantum ecosystem (December 2025). Printed page 117, PDF page 117, 8.2 Government funding, Second column, first paragraph. |
| QED-C counts USD 4.9 billion of private venture capital invested in the quantum industry in 2025, more than double the previous record; most of it went to companies in the United States. | $4.9 billion (USD billion) | Worldwide | 2025 | Estimate | Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), managed by SRI International, Global Quantum Computing Market to Double by 2028 (press release on the State of the Global Quantum Industry 2026) (Press release of 14 April 2026). Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on public funding and venture capital. |
| Applicants in the European Patent Convention member states hold 2,193 international quantum patent families from 2005 to 2024, second to the United States with 3,330. | 2,193 (patent families) | European Patent Convention member states (not the EU27) | 2005-2024 | Observation | OECD and European Patent Office, Mapping the global quantum ecosystem (December 2025). Printed page 44, PDF page 44, 3.3.1 Country relevance in quantum innovation, Text beside Figure 3.3.1, Panel B. |
| The report charts an All EU bar for quantum patent families, but states no EU27 count in its text; the value is not available here. | Not available | EU27 | 2005-2024 | Observation | OECD and European Patent Office, Mapping the global quantum ecosystem (December 2025). Printed page 44, PDF page 44, 3.3.1 Country relevance in quantum innovation, Figure 3.3.1, Panel A, All EU bar. |
| QED-C identified 7,418 quantum-engaged organisations worldwide at the end of 2025, 556 of them pure-play quantum companies. | 7,418 (organisations) | Worldwide | end of 2025 | Observation | Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), managed by SRI International, Global Quantum Computing Market to Double by 2028 (press release on the State of the Global Quantum Industry 2026) (Press release of 14 April 2026). Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on organisations. |
| Quantum-related job postings concentrate on technical and research occupations: computer science 26%, science and research 25%, education and training 10%; business, marketing and sales together stay under 10%. | 26% | Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States | 2024 | Observation | OECD and European Patent Office, Mapping the global quantum ecosystem (December 2025). Printed page 19, PDF page 19, Executive summary, 4. High technological complexity and skill requirements, First column, second paragraph. |
| QED-C estimates the worldwide workforce of pure-play quantum companies at nearly 16,500 people in 2025, about 2,000 more than a year earlier. | nearly 16,500 (people) | Worldwide | 2025 | Estimate | Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), managed by SRI International, Global Quantum Computing Market to Double by 2028 (press release on the State of the Global Quantum Industry 2026) (Press release of 14 April 2026). Press release of 14 April 2026, Paragraph on the workforce. |
Sources: approved figures of the report evidence store, each with its publisher, edition and page; CORDIS for participations. Registered reports and their figures · Public funding commitments around the world
Evidence gaps
What this page does not cover, so that missing evidence is not read as absence:
- No patent landscape: no CPC group isolates this technology (see the CPC mapping below).
- Patent counts are published documents in a CPC group, not patent families, and no applicant country is available from the search used; the families of companies come from organisation lookups and are not a census.
- Supplier relationships are not documented: companies are participants of EU-funded projects, not verified suppliers, and no customer or supplier link is inferred.
- Projects are assigned to a technology by keywords (a pillar suggestion pending editorial review, or words of the title), so some projects are missed or misplaced.
- Funding covers EU programmes (CORDIS, Funding & Tenders) and the national sources the portal holds; national programmes outside them, private investment and payments are not included.
- No approved figure from a published report is about this technology alone, so no regional comparison specific to it is shown.
- No production location, capacity, market share or ranking of countries or actors is shown: the sources used do not establish them.
- Research output (publications) by technology is not collected: the portal counts publications by country for quantum as a whole only.
CPC mapping and method
CPC groups counted (CPC version 2026.08, scheme pages read on 2026-10-23; lower levels included):
- G06N 10/00 Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena (read 2026-10-23)
- H04L 9/0852 Quantum cryptography (read 2026-10-23)
- H04B 10/70 Photonic quantum communication (read 2026-10-23)
Groups checked and not used:
- B82Y 10/00 Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic: The title names quantum computing only as one example of nanotechnology for information processing, so the group also holds documents that are not about quantum computing.
- G01R 33/0354 SQUIDS (measuring magnetic fields using superconductive devices): Superconducting quantum interference devices are used in quantum sensing, but no CPC title in G01R 33 names quantum sensing, and the group is not limited to quantum sensors. Quantum sensing has no landscape series in this pilot.
- G01R 33/26 Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using optical pumping: Optically pumped magnetometers include atomic quantum sensors, but the title does not limit the group to them. Quantum sensing has no landscape series in this pilot.
Each count is one search request to EPO Open Patent Services, sent by a scheduled job, never by a page. The landscape may use at most 12 of the 120 requests a day that the portal sends to the service, and at most 4 per run; organisation lookups keep that share free while counts are due. Earlier counts stay on display when a request fails.
This technology: Enabling technologies (cryogenics, photonics, electronics, materials, software) are classified by what they are, not by their use in quantum technologies, so no CPC group isolates their quantum use.
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