Europe in the world

How Europe compares with the rest of the world in quantum technologies: public funding commitments as official sources state them, open indicators computed from open data, and what published reports estimate. Each kind of figure is labelled; they use different methods and are not directly comparable.

Public funding commitments

Public funding commitments for quantum technologies of the EU and of countries outside Europe, compiled from official government and EU pages and checked against each source on the date shown. The rows of European national programmes are taken from the public investment registry (/investment), where their details and sources are kept. Amounts are as the source states them, in the source's currency, as announced and not as disbursed; periods, scopes and definitions differ, so figures are not directly comparable and must not be added up. Where no official source states an amount, none is given. Not exhaustive. Owner-reviewed for demonstration, 28 October 2026. Compiled 2026-10-21.

Indicative euro column: the amount as stated divided by the European Central Bank reference rate of 2026-10-21 (Euro foreign exchange reference rates (daily XML)), the same rate for every year. It is not adjusted for inflation or purchasing power and is not an official figure. ECB reference rates

Public funding commitments for quantum technologies, as stated by official sources
Country or block	Strategy or programme and sources	Announced	Period	Amount as stated	What it covers	Indicative in euro
European Union	Quantum Europe Strategy European Commission Sources, checked 2026-10-21 European Commission press release IP/25/1682: Commission launches strategy to make Europe quantum leader by 2030 (2 July 2025) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Opening paragraphs and the list of actions: Announces the strategy, its five areas and the design facility and pilot lines backed by up to EUR 50 million of public funding; a Quantum Act proposal is expected in 2026. European Commission: questions and answers on the EU Quantum Strategy (2 July 2025) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Answers on the investment so far and on the support to the ecosystem: More than EUR 11 billion of EU and national public funding over five years, nearly EUR 2 billion of it from the EU; the flagship has an EU budget of EUR 1 billion; the eight hosted quantum computers total EUR 140 million. Communication COM(2025) 363: Quantum Europe Strategy, on EUR-Lex (retrieved 2026-10-21). Introduction and sections 2.1 and 2.3.3: Repeats the five-year figures, splitting them into nearly EUR 2 billion from the EU and more than EUR 9 billion from the Member States. Read in a browser; the Commission's digital strategy pages refused automated and browser reads (HTTP 403) on 21 October 2026.	2025-07-02	Past five years to 2025; actions to 2030	more than EUR 11 billion	Public funding committed by the EU and the Member States together over the last five years (Questions and answers of 2 July 2025, answer on how much the EU has invested so far)	EUR 11.0 billion
European Union	Quantum Europe Strategy	2025-07-02	Past five years to 2025; actions to 2030	nearly EUR 2 billion	Invested by the EU itself over the same five years; the Communication adds more than EUR 9 billion from the Member States (COM(2025) 363, section 2.1, opening paragraph)	EUR 2,000 million
European Union	Quantum Europe Strategy	2025-07-02	Past five years to 2025; actions to 2030	EUR 1 billion	EU budget of the Quantum Technologies Flagship, launched in 2018 (Questions and answers of 2 July 2025, answer on how the Commission has supported the ecosystem)	EUR 1,000 million
European Union	Quantum Europe Strategy	2025-07-02	Past five years to 2025; actions to 2030	EUR 140 million	Investment in the first eight quantum computing systems hosted at EU supercomputing centres in eight Member States, half from the EU and half from 17 participating countries (Questions and answers of 2 July 2025, answer on how the Commission has supported the ecosystem)	EUR 140 million
European Union	Quantum Europe Strategy	2025-07-02	Past five years to 2025; actions to 2030	up to EUR 50 million	Public funding for a quantum design facility and six quantum chip pilot lines announced with the strategy (Press release IP/25/1682 of 2 July 2025, list of actions)	EUR 50.0 million
Austria	Quantum Austria funding initiative Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (BMBWF), implemented by the FWF and the FFG Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 FWF: Förderinitiative Quantum Austria (retrieved 2026-10-21). Opening paragraph and the paragraph on FWF projects: On the ministry's initiative Austria invests EUR 107 million until 2026 from NextGenerationEU recovery funds; around EUR 30 million is available for FWF basic research projects.	-	Until 2026	EUR 107 million	Total invested in quantum research and technologies until 2026, from the recovery and resilience plan (FWF programme page, opening paragraph)	EUR 107 million
Austria	Quantum Austria funding initiative	-	Until 2026	around EUR 30 million	Budget for basic research projects funded through the FWF within the initiative (FWF programme page, paragraph on FWF projects)	EUR 30.0 million
Belgium	Belgian-QCI (BE-QCI), Belgian quantum communication infrastructure Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO); carried out by IMEC Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 BELSPO: impulse actions, list of projects (retrieved 2026-10-21). EUROQCI heading, Belgian-QCI entry: Lists the project with a budget of EUR 2,970,876, the period 2022-2025 and IMEC as executor.	-	2022-2025	EUR 2,970,876	Budget listed by BELSPO for the project; the page does not say whether this is the total or the BELSPO share (Impulse projects list, EUROQCI heading, Belgian-QCI entry)	EUR 3.0 million
Czechia	Národní strategie pro kvantové technologie 2026+ (National Strategy for Quantum Technologies 2026+) Government of the Czech Republic Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Government of the Czech Republic: Národní strategie pro kvantové technologie 2026+ (12 December 2025) (retrieved 2026-10-21). News page: Publishes the strategy on 12 December 2025 and links the full text; the page states no amount. Národní strategie ČR pro kvantové technologie 2026-2030 (PDF) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Implementation section and the annex on the impact on the state budget (Tabulka 5): Plans an update in 2030 for the period from 2031; the annex estimates costs per year in CZK million as expert estimates of optimal amounts, to be met within approved budget chapters.	2025-12-12	2026-2030	Not stated in the source	No official source read states an amount; none is estimated.	-
Denmark	55 North quantum fund Ministry of Industry, Business and Financial Affairs (Erhvervsministeriet), through the Export and Investment Fund of Denmark (EIFO) Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Erhvervsministeriet: quantum fund opens in Denmark (2 October 2025) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Paragraph on the fund's capital: The government set aside DKK 500 million through EIFO, Novo Holdings contributes the same, for DKK 1 billion in all; no period is stated.	2025-10-02	Not stated	DKK 500 million	Government contribution to the fund through EIFO; Novo Holdings adds the same amount, for a fund of DKK 1 billion (Ministry news of 2 October 2025, paragraph on the fund's capital)	EUR 66.9 million
Denmark	Strategy for Quantum Technology, first part: world-class research and innovation Ministry of Science, Higher Education and Digital Affairs (Forsknings-, Uddannelses- og Digitaliseringsministeriet) Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Danish ministry press release: dedicated investment of one billion DKK as first part of a new quantum strategy (21 June 2023) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Headline and the funding paragraph: States DKK 212 million in the 2023 Finance Act and an allocation of DKK 1 billion over 2023 to 2027. The ministry's former address ufm.dk now redirects to fudm.dk.	2023-06-21	2023-2027	DKK 1 billion	Allocation for quantum research and innovation over 2023 to 2027 (Press release of 21 June 2023, headline and funding paragraph)	EUR 134 million
Denmark	Strategy for Quantum Technology, first part: world-class research and innovation	2023-06-21	2023-2027	DKK 212 million	Allocated to quantum research and innovation in the Finance Act for 2023 (Press release of 21 June 2023, funding paragraph)	EUR 28.4 million
Finland	Business Finland call for Quantum Technology Co-Research Projects 2026 Business Finland Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Business Finland: call for applications for Quantum Technology Co-Research Projects (retrieved 2026-10-21). Funding section and call schedule: Sets aside EUR 4 million, funds 80% of eligible costs, runs from 20 August to 9 November 2026 and names the four quantum topics; the page shows only its update date of 3 September 2026.	2026-09-03	2026	EUR 4 million	Total set aside for the call (Call page (updated 3 September 2026), funding section)	EUR 4.0 million
France	Stratégie nationale quantique (national quantum strategy, France 2030) French State through France 2030; announcement by the Direction générale des Entreprises (DGE) Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 DGE: France 2030, France accelerates its quantum strategy (26 May 2026) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Opening paragraph and the review of results since 2021: Announces an extra EUR 1 billion for 2026 to 2030; since 2021 the State has mobilised EUR 1 billion, EUR 610 million of it invested under France 2030, and EUR 1.8 billion of public and private investment has been committed. The page does not say how the two State figures relate.	2026-05-26	2021-2030	EUR 1 billion	Additional investment in the national quantum strategy for 2026 to 2030 (DGE news of 26 May 2026, opening paragraph)	EUR 1,000 million
France	Stratégie nationale quantique (national quantum strategy, France 2030)	2026-05-26	2021-2030	EUR 1 billion	State funding mobilised for the strategy since 2021 (DGE news of 26 May 2026, review of results since 2021)	EUR 1,000 million
France	Stratégie nationale quantique (national quantum strategy, France 2030)	2026-05-26	2021-2030	EUR 610 million	Invested under France 2030 since 2021 (DGE news of 26 May 2026, review of results since 2021)	EUR 610 million
France	PROQCIMA programme for universal quantum computers Ministry of the Armed Forces, through the Direction générale de l'armement (DGA), with France 2030 support Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 DGA: framework agreements with five companies for universal quantum computers (7 March 2024) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Paragraphs on the agreements and the programme: Names the five companies, a maximum amount of EUR 500 million with France 2030 support, a total duration of at least 10 years and three competitive stages. National quantum strategy portal: PROQCIMA programme (retrieved 2026-10-21). Programme phases and the section on the May 2026 changes: Repeats the EUR 500 million ceiling, gives phase budgets including EUR 60 million for the first phase, and lists a doubling of the annual budget after May 2026 without an amount.	2024-03-07	At least 10 years from 2024	EUR 500 million	Maximum amount of the framework agreements notified by the DGA (DGA news of 7 March 2024, paragraph on the agreements)	EUR 500 million
Germany	Handlungskonzept Quantentechnologien der Bundesregierung (Federal Government action plan for quantum technologies) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), now the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 BMFTR press release 28/2023 of 26 April 2023 on the quantum technologies action plan (retrieved 2026-10-21). Subtitle and the paragraph on financing: States that the plan covers 2023 to 2026, that the federal government provides EUR 2.18 billion and the science organisations EUR 850 million, about EUR 3 billion together.	2023-04-26	2023-2026	EUR 2.18 billion	Federal government funding for the action plan, 2023 to 2026 (Press release 28/2023, paragraph on the financing of the plan)	EUR 2,180 million
Germany	Handlungskonzept Quantentechnologien der Bundesregierung (Federal Government action plan for quantum technologies)	2023-04-26	2023-2026	EUR 850 million	Contribution of the science organisations to the same plan (Press release 28/2023, paragraph on the financing of the plan)	EUR 850 million
Germany	Quantum technologies in the Konjunktur- und Zukunftspaket (economic stimulus and future package) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), now the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 BMFTR press release 195/2021 of 29 September 2021 on funding for quantum computing (retrieved 2026-10-21). Paragraph on the stimulus and future package: States EUR 2 billion in the package for quantum technologies and research ministry funding of around EUR 1.1 billion until 2025; a quantum processor guideline has around EUR 110 million.	2021-09-29	Until 2025	EUR 2 billion	Total for quantum technologies in the federal stimulus and future package (Press release 195/2021, paragraph on the stimulus package)	EUR 2,000 million
Germany	Quantum technologies in the Konjunktur- und Zukunftspaket (economic stimulus and future package)	2021-09-29	Until 2025	around EUR 1.1 billion	Research ministry funding for quantum research and development until 2025 (Press release 195/2021, paragraph on the stimulus package)	EUR 1,100 million
Ireland	Quantum 2030: A National Quantum Technologies Strategy for Ireland Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 gov.ie press release: launch of Quantum 2030 (15 November 2023) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Press release and its notes on the five pillars: Publication date 15 November 2023, the 2030 goal and the pillars; no amount is mentioned. Read in a browser because automated reads were refused.	2023-11-15	Horizon 2030	Not stated in the source	No official source read states an amount; none is estimated.	-
Italy	Strategia italiana per le tecnologie quantistiche (Italian strategy for quantum technologies) Department for Digital Transformation, with the ministries of University and Research, Enterprises and Made in Italy, Foreign Affairs and Defence, and the National Cybersecurity Agency Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Department for Digital Transformation: Italian quantum strategy presented to the Council of Ministers (retrieved 2026-10-21). Whole article: Lists the bodies involved and the implementation group; no amount and no period are given, only a reference to public funds, mainly the recovery plan.	2025-07-31	Not stated	Not stated in the source	No official source read states an amount; none is estimated.	-
Luxembourg	Luxembourg's Quantum Strategy: Accelerating digital sovereignty 2030 Ministry for Digitalisation, Ministry of the Economy, Ministry for Research and Higher Education and the Department of Media, Connectivity and Digital Policy Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 The Luxembourg Government: Luxembourg's Quantum Strategy (publication page) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Publication details: Lists the four responsible bodies and the publication year 2025; no amount. Luxembourg's Quantum Strategy, Accelerating digital sovereignty 2030 (PDF) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Forewords, objectives and the roadmap section: Sets the 2030 horizon, the roadmap phases from 2025 and the flagship projects; it mentions dedicated budgets but gives no figure.	-	Horizon 2030	Not stated in the source	No official source read states an amount; none is estimated.	-
Netherlands	Rijksbrede Quantumstrategie (government-wide quantum strategy) Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate, on behalf of the ministers concerned Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Rijksoverheid: cabinet wants the Netherlands to lead in quantum by 2035 (5 October 2026) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Whole news item: Names the strategy, the 2035 goal and the ministries; the only amount is the earlier EUR 614.9 million for the Quantum Delta NL project.	2026-10-05	Horizon 2035	Not stated in the source	No official source read states an amount; none is estimated.	-
Netherlands	Quantum Delta NL (Nationaal Groeifonds project) Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate; carried out by the Quantum Delta NL foundation Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Nationaal Groeifonds: Quantum Delta NL project page (retrieved 2026-10-21). Funding summary and project facts: Lists EUR 614.9 million awarded, no conditional award and no reservation, round 1 running from 2021 to 2028, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate as responsible.	-	2021-2028	EUR 614.9 million	Awarded to Quantum Delta NL from the National Growth Fund; no conditional award or reservation remains (Project page, funding summary)	EUR 615 million
Norway	Norwegian research centres for quantum technology Research Council of Norway, for the Norwegian government Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Research Council of Norway: four new Norwegian research centres for quantum technology (17 December 2025) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Opening paragraph and the paragraph on the government commitment: The three hosts receive NOK 244 million; the government will spend at least NOK 1.1 billion on quantum research over five years; a strategy is due in 2026. Last updated 3 March 2026.	2025-12-17	Five years from December 2025	NOK 244 million	Funding for the new centres at the Simula Group, the University of Oslo and SINTEF (News of 17 December 2025, opening paragraph)	EUR 23.2 million
Norway	Norwegian research centres for quantum technology	2025-12-17	Five years from December 2025	at least NOK 1.1 billion	Government spending on quantum technology research over the next five years (News of 17 December 2025, paragraph on the government commitment)	EUR 105 million
Spain	Estrategia de Tecnologías Cuánticas de España 2025-2030 (Spain's quantum technologies strategy) Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and Ministry for Digital Transformation and the Civil Service Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Ministry of Science: the Government launches Spain's first quantum technologies strategy (24 April 2025) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Headline and the paragraph on the budget: Gives an estimated budget of EUR 808 million (EUR 800 million in the headline) from two funding sources, builds on EUR 300 million invested earlier, and says total investment could reach about EUR 1,500 million with private funds.	2025-04-24	2025-2030	EUR 808 million	Estimated budget of the strategy, from ERDF funds and the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan; the headline of the same page gives 800 million (Ministry news of 24 April 2025, paragraph on the budget)	EUR 808 million
Spain	Quantum Spain Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation at launch; State Secretariat for Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Ministry of Science: Spain selected to host one of the first European quantum computers thanks to Quantum Spain (11 October 2022) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Paragraphs on Quantum Spain and on the EuroHPC selection: Says Quantum Spain was launched in 2021, is financed with Next Generation recovery funds and that the hosted machine means an investment of EUR 12.5 million, half from the EU and half from the State Secretariat.	2022-10-11	Not stated	EUR 12.5 million	Investment in the EuroHPC quantum computer hosted in Spain, co-financed 50% by the EU and the State Secretariat for Digitalisation and AI; the programme's own total is not stated on this page (Ministry news of 11 October 2022, paragraph on the EuroHPC selection)	EUR 12.5 million
Sweden	Sveriges strategi för kvantteknikområdet (Sweden's strategy for quantum technology) Ministry of Education and Research (Utbildningsdepartementet) Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Regeringen: the government presents a strategy for quantum technology (18 August 2026) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Whole press release: Names the strategy and the ministry and mentions an investment in a strategic research area and excellence clusters; no SEK amount and no period are given.	2026-08-18	Not stated	Not stated in the source	No official source read states an amount; none is estimated.	-
Switzerland	Swiss Quantum Initiative State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI); partners SCNAT, the Swiss National Science Foundation and Innosuisse Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 SBFI/SERI: Swiss Quantum Initiative (retrieved 2026-10-21). Introduction and the paragraph on the 2025-2028 period: Launched by the Federal Council in 2022; for 2025-2028 a ceiling of CHF 82.1 million, of which CHF 22.9 million to SCNAT and CHF 29.6 million each to the SNSF and Innosuisse.	-	2025-2028	CHF 82.1 million	Federal ceiling for the 2025-2028 funding period, mainly for national projects (SERI page, paragraph on the 2025-2028 period)	EUR 88.7 million
Switzerland	Swiss Quantum Initiative	-	2025-2028	CHF 22.9 million	Share for SCNAT in 2025-2028 (SERI page, paragraph on the 2025-2028 period)	EUR 24.7 million
Switzerland	Swiss Quantum Initiative	-	2025-2028	CHF 29.6 million	Share for the Swiss National Science Foundation in 2025-2028; Innosuisse receives the same amount (SERI page, paragraph on the 2025-2028 period)	EUR 32.0 million
United Kingdom	National Quantum Strategy Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) Details in Public investment Sources, checked 2026-10-21 GOV.UK: National Quantum Strategy (accessible webpage) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Ministerial foreword, executive summary and Goal 1: Commits GBP 2.5 billion over the ten years from 2024 and sets up a ten-year research and innovation programme for 2024-2034. The page was last updated on 14 December 2023.	-	2024-2034	GBP 2.5 billion	Government commitment to developing quantum technologies over the ten years from 2024 (Executive summary, section on the ten-year vision, plan and commitment; Goal 1, research and development)	EUR 2,982 million
Canada	National Quantum Strategy Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Government of Canada launches National Quantum Strategy to create jobs and advance quantum technologies (13 January 2023) (retrieved 2026-10-21). News release, list of pillars and quick facts: CAD 360 million committed in Budget 2021, split into CAD 141 million for research, CAD 45 million for talent and CAD 169 million for commercialization; more than CAD 1 billion invested in quantum since 2012. The strategy site of ISED answered HTTP 503 (maintenance) on 21 October 2026.	2023-01-13	Not stated	CAD 360 million	Investment committed in Budget 2021 for the strategy (News release of 13 January 2023, second paragraph)	EUR 228 million
Canada	National Quantum Strategy	2023-01-13	Not stated	CAD 141 million	Research pillar of the strategy: basic and applied research (News release of 13 January 2023, list of pillars)	EUR 89.4 million
Canada	National Quantum Strategy	2023-01-13	Not stated	CAD 45 million	Talent pillar of the strategy (News release of 13 January 2023, list of pillars)	EUR 28.5 million
Canada	National Quantum Strategy	2023-01-13	Not stated	CAD 169 million	Commercialization pillar of the strategy (News release of 13 January 2023, list of pillars)	EUR 107 million
Canada	National Quantum Strategy	2023-01-13	Not stated	more than CAD 1 billion	Federal investment in quantum since 2012, before the strategy (News release of 13 January 2023, quick facts)	EUR 634 million
United States	National Quantum Initiative: federal quantum information science R&D budgets National Science and Technology Council, Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, with the National Quantum Coordination Office Sources, checked 2026-10-21 National Quantum Initiative Supplement to the President's FY 2025 Budget (PDF) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Executive summary and section 2, Budget data: Agencies reported QIS R&D expenditures rising from USD 456 million in FY 2019 to USD 1,036 million in FY 2023, then USD 1,006 million enacted for FY 2024 and USD 998 million requested for FY 2025; FY 2024 is an estimate in the figures. quantum.gov: the National Quantum Initiative Supplement to the President's FY 2025 Budget released (18 December 2024) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Whole post: Announces the report and says what years the budget data cover; the post itself gives no amount. White House: Executive Order 14413, Ushering in the Next Frontier of Quantum Innovation (22 June 2026) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Whole order: States no dollar amount and makes its measures subject to the availability of appropriations.	2024-12-18	FY 2019 to FY 2025	USD 1,036 million	Actual federal QIS R&D expenditures reported by the agencies for FY 2023 (Executive summary, paragraph on the annual report)	EUR 922 million
United States	National Quantum Initiative: federal quantum information science R&D budgets	2024-12-18	FY 2019 to FY 2025	USD 1,006 million	Enacted budget authority for federal QIS R&D in FY 2024 (Executive summary, paragraph on the annual report)	EUR 895 million
United States	National Quantum Initiative: federal quantum information science R&D budgets	2024-12-18	FY 2019 to FY 2025	USD 998 million	Requested budget authority for federal QIS R&D in FY 2025 (Executive summary, paragraph on the annual report)	EUR 888 million
Australia	Joint Australian and Queensland government investment in PsiQuantum Australian Government and Queensland Government Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Department of Industry, Science and Resources: leading quantum company chooses Australia as site for its utility scale quantum computer (30 April 2024) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Opening paragraph: The two governments will invest almost AUD 1 billion in PsiQuantum. Minister for Industry and Science, joint media release: Delivering a Future Made in Australia with 400 new technology jobs in Brisbane (30 April 2024) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Second paragraph and the paragraph on the joint investment: Almost AUD 1 billion in all, including approximately AUD 470 million in equity and loans from each government.	2024-04-30	Not stated	almost AUD 1 billion	Joint investment of the two governments (Joint media release of 30 April 2024, second paragraph)	EUR 626 million
Australia	Joint Australian and Queensland government investment in PsiQuantum	2024-04-30	Not stated	approximately AUD 470 million	Equity and loans from each of the two governments (Joint media release of 30 April 2024, paragraph on the joint investment)	EUR 294 million
Australia	National Quantum Strategy Department of Industry, Science and Resources Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Department of Industry, Science and Resources: National Quantum Strategy (published 3 May 2023) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Publication page and list of themes: Publication date, aims and five themes with actions over seven years; no amount. Read in a browser because automated reads timed out. Department of Industry, Science and Resources: Quantum (retrieved 2026-10-21). Section on investing in quantum initiatives: AUD 18.4 million to establish Quantum Australia and AUD 5.2 million of grants to 14 consortia in round 1 of the Critical Technologies Challenge Program.	2023-05-03	Actions over seven years from 2023	AUD 18.4 million	Awarded to establish Quantum Australia, the national centre for quantum growth (Department quantum page, section on investing in quantum initiatives)	EUR 11.5 million
China	14th Five-Year Plan and Long-Range Objectives Through 2035: quantum information Adopted by the National People's Congress in March 2021; published on the central government portal Sources, checked 2026-10-21 The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 (gov.cn, 13 March 2021) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Chapters 4, 9 and 15: Names quantum information and quantum computing and communication as priorities; only general research spending targets are given, with no quantum allocation.	2021-03-13	2021-2025, objectives to 2035	Not stated in the source	No official source read states an amount; none is estimated.	-
India	National Quantum Mission Department of Science and Technology, approved by the Union Cabinet Sources, checked 2026-10-21 PIB: Cabinet approves National Quantum Mission to scale-up scientific and industrial R&D for quantum technologies (19 April 2023) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Subtitle, first paragraph and the paragraph on the thematic hubs: Total cost of INR 6003.65 crore from 2023-24 to 2030-31, with the mission's technical targets and four hubs. Read in a browser because automated reads were refused (HTTP 403); the DST page rendered no content.	2023-04-19	2023-24 to 2030-31	INR 6003.65 crore	Total cost of the mission approved by the Cabinet for 2023-24 to 2030-31 (PIB release 1917888 of 19 April 2023, subtitle and first paragraph)	EUR 566 million
Japan	Promotion Measures for the Development of a Quantum Ecosystem (outline) Expert Panel on Quantum Technology Innovation, Government of Japan (Cabinet Office, Council for Science, Technology and Innovation) Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Cabinet Office of Japan: quantum technology strategies (English index) (retrieved 2026-10-21). List of quantum strategies: Links the strategy documents and their English outlines; the page itself states no amount. Promotion Measures for the Development of a Quantum Ecosystem, Outline (May 2025, PDF) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Page 3, reference table of policy trends in quantum technology around the world: Gives the quantum-related budget as about JPY 100 billion for FY 2024 and about JPY 330 billion for FY 2020 to FY 2024; the same table converts other countries' figures to yen at March 2024 rates, which are not used here.	2025-05	FY 2020 to FY 2024	about JPY 100 billion	Quantum-related government budget for FY 2024 (Outline, page 3, reference table of policy trends, Japan row)	EUR 564 million
Japan	Promotion Measures for the Development of a Quantum Ecosystem (outline)	2025-05	FY 2020 to FY 2024	about JPY 330 billion	Quantum-related government budget over the five years FY 2020 to FY 2024 (Outline, page 3, reference table of policy trends, Japan row)	EUR 1,861 million
Singapore	National Quantum Strategy National Research Foundation, with the National Quantum Office hosted by A*STAR Sources, checked 2026-10-21 National Quantum Office: media factsheet, close to S$300 million invested to drive Singapore's National Quantum Strategy over five years (PDF) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Title and first two paragraphs: Close to SGD 300 million from RIE2025 over five years, funded by the NRF through four funding initiatives. National Quantum Office: National Quantum Strategy (retrieved 2026-10-21). Strategy page: Describes the four strategic thrusts; states no amount. Prime Minister's Office: DPM Heng Swee Keat at the Asia Tech x Singapore 2024 opening ceremony (30 May 2024) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Paragraph on the National Quantum Strategy: Announces investment of close to 300 million dollars in four strategic areas; the speech does not name the currency. National Research Foundation: parliamentary reply on quantum research coordination and combined annual funding (13 April 2026) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Summary and reply: Says 295 million dollars were set aside under RIE2025 for quantum research under the strategy, without naming the currency; not used as a separate amount.	2024-05-30	Five years from 2024 (RIE2025 plan)	close to SGD 300 million	Funding of the strategy from the Research, Innovation and Enterprise 2025 plan over five years (NQO media factsheet, title and first paragraph)	EUR 209 million
South Korea	Quantum Science and Technology Strategy Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) Sources, checked 2026-10-21 MSIT: In 2035, Korea becoming the global hub for quantum economy (June 2023) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Summary and strategic directions 6 and 7: Says the strategy was announced on 27 June, without the year in the text; the attached files are dated June 2023. Gives the KRW 3 trillion joint target for 2023 to 2035 and the international cooperation budget. MSIT: Korea unveils first quantum master plan for the next-AI era (January 2026) (retrieved 2026-10-21). Whole press release: States no won amount; the only figure is a company's investment commitment, which is not public funding.	2023-06	2023-2035	more than KRW 3 trillion	Joint government and private investment targeted between 2023 and 2035; the release does not split the public and private shares (MSIT press release, summary and strategic direction 7)	EUR 2,015 million
South Korea	Quantum Science and Technology Strategy	2023-06	2023-2035	KRW 210 billion	Investment in international cooperation for 2023 to 2025, up from KRW 13 billion in 2019 to 2022 (MSIT press release, strategic direction 6)	EUR 141 million
Israel	National Quantum Science and Technology Program Planning and Budgeting Committee of the Council for Higher Education, with the Administration for the Development of Weapons and Technological Infrastructures, the Israel Innovation Authority, the Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Finance Sources, checked 2026-10-21 Council for Higher Education of Israel: the National Quantum Science and Technology Program (retrieved 2026-10-21). Agenda item of 10 October 2021: NIS 200 million reserved in 2018; expanded to NIS 1.25 billion over six years after the review committee's recommendation and approved by the government in summer 2020. The Israel Innovation Authority's own pages refused automated reads (HTTP 403).	2021-10-10	Six years	ILS 1.25 billion	The expanded joint programme over six years, covering academic research, infrastructure, international cooperation and industry (Council for Higher Education agenda item of 10 October 2021, paragraph on the expansion)	EUR 360 million
Israel	National Quantum Science and Technology Program	2021-10-10	Six years	ILS 200 million	Budget first reserved for the programme in 2018; the page does not say whether it is part of the expanded total (Council for Higher Education agenda item of 10 October 2021, opening paragraph)	EUR 57.6 million

Definition: Public funding commitments as stated

Research publications

Quantum research publications (articles, reviews and conference papers) with at least one author in each country or block, per publication year, from OpenAlex (CC0). Read on 2026-10-22.

A work counts when one of its OpenAlex topics is: Quantum Information and Cryptography (T10020); Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture (T10682); Quantum optics and atomic interactions (T11414); Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates (T10425); Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research (T11993). Counting is full, so a work with authors in two countries counts for both and shares do not add up to 100%; the European Union (27) counts each work once however many Member States take part. Shares are of all such works with at least one author country. Recent years can still grow as OpenAlex indexes more works, and coverage of conference papers and of some countries is uneven.

Quantum research publications in 2025 by country or block. Colours show the region; values are repeated in the table.

Definition: Quantum research publications by country or block

Quantum research publications, share of the world and growth, 2015 to 2025
Country or block	Works 2015	Works 2025	Share of world 2015	Share of world 2025	Growth per year, 2015 to 2025
European Union (27)	3,590	6,853	31.7%	29.5%	6.7%
United States	2,454	4,909	21.7%	21.1%	7.2%
China	2,661	5,755	23.5%	24.8%	8.0%
United Kingdom	870	1,409	7.7%	6.1%	4.9%
Japan	698	1,315	6.2%	5.7%	6.5%
Canada	535	815	4.7%	3.5%	4.3%
South Korea	237	568	2.1%	2.4%	9.1%
India	442	2,133	3.9%	9.2%	17.0%
Switzerland	344	515	3.0%	2.2%	4.1%
Australia	460	532	4.1%	2.3%	1.5%
Singapore	220	348	1.9%	1.5%	4.7%
Israel	241	314	2.1%	1.4%	2.7%
Norway	22	49	0.2%	0.2%	8.3%

Definitions: Quantum research publications by country or block; Share of the world’s quantum publications; Yearly growth of publications

Every year

Quantum research publications per year
Country or block	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
European Union (27)	3,590	3,783	4,019	3,851	4,346	4,337	4,800	4,791	5,260	5,922	6,853
United States	2,454	2,656	2,510	2,679	3,036	3,354	3,442	3,691	3,895	4,449	4,909
China	2,661	2,687	2,847	3,191	3,541	3,549	3,751	4,264	4,280	5,043	5,755
United Kingdom	870	1,039	1,101	1,096	1,212	1,210	1,293	1,172	1,174	1,255	1,409
Japan	698	751	801	838	896	938	996	1,039	1,090	1,185	1,315
Canada	535	552	549	575	607	629	636	625	705	777	815
South Korea	237	254	242	285	311	294	335	340	379	481	568
India	442	480	481	503	546	669	774	914	1,116	1,487	2,133
Switzerland	344	310	335	325	341	384	439	434	487	454	515
Australia	460	492	484	449	502	468	470	429	410	480	532
Singapore	220	266	215	256	267	230	265	242	264	312	348
Israel	241	237	245	237	275	292	249	272	320	310	314
Norway	22	14	23	20	31	36	42	36	39	53	49
World, works with an author country	11,325	11,860	12,201	12,495	13,939	14,263	15,400	16,100	17,303	20,031	23,252

Definition: Quantum research publications by country or block

Refreshed automatically every month. OpenAlex

Companies

Quantum technology companies found in open sources (OpenAlex, ROR, Wikidata, GLEIF, industry association lists, contract awards and patent applicants) and published on this portal, by country: 121 in all, 46 in the 27 EU Member States, counted on 2026-11-03.

Not a census: these are the companies the portal could document from open sources, so a missing company is not evidence that it does not exist. The organisations directory adds the organisations of EU-funded projects, which are counted separately.

Quantum companies found in open sources, by country
Country or block	Region	Companies
European Union (27)	Europe	46
United States	Americas	32
United Kingdom	Europe	16
Germany	Europe	14
France	Europe	9
Spain	Europe	8
Canada	Americas	6
Japan	Asia and Pacific	6
Switzerland	Europe	6
Italy	Europe	5
Finland	Europe	4
China	Asia and Pacific	3
Israel	Middle East	2
Sweden	Europe	2
Australia	Asia and Pacific	1
Austria	Europe	1
Denmark	Europe	1
Estonia	Europe	1
India	Asia and Pacific	1
Netherlands	Europe	1
Singapore	Asia and Pacific	1

Definition: Quantum companies by country

The companies and their sources · The counts by region as a data file

What published reports say

Estimates from published reports (consultancies, industry bodies, the OECD and the EPO, the European Commission) are kept in the report evidence store, each with its locator, definitions and editorial review state. They are third-party estimates made with different methods, not official statistics, and are not repeated here.

National strategies

AI-assisted summaries of national strategies, read from official government pages, each with its official source. Where an official source above states an amount, the funding column shows it with a link; otherwise it quotes what the summary found.

National quantum strategies (AI-assisted summaries)
Country	Region	Strategy or programme	Year	Public funding	Summary and sources
European Union	Europe	Quantum Europe Strategy	2025	more than EUR 11 billion official figures	The Quantum Europe Strategy aims to establish Europe as a global leader in quantum technology by 2030, focusing on research, infrastructure, ecosystem strengthening, security, and skills development to create a resilient quantum ecosystem. (Source 1, Source 2, checked 2026-10-17)
United States	Americas	National Quantum Initiative	2018	USD 1,036 million official figures	The National Quantum Initiative is a comprehensive government effort to maintain U.S. leadership in quantum information science and technology. It involves federal agencies, 14 National QIS Centers, and a quantum industry consortium, focusing on research, coordination, and support for quantum technology applications. (Official source, checked 2026-10-17)
United Kingdom	Europe	National quantum strategy	2023	GBP 2.5 billion official figures	The National Quantum Strategy outlines a 10-year vision for the UK to become a leading quantum-enabled economy, emphasizing the significance of quantum technologies for national prosperity and security. (Official source, checked 2026-10-17)
Canada	Americas	Canada’s National Quantum Strategy	-	CAD 360 million official figures	Canada's National Quantum Strategy aims to support the quantum sector through investments in research, talent development, and commercialization. It focuses on enhancing capabilities in quantum computing, communications, and sensors, positioning Canada as a leader in the quantum field. (Official source, checked 2026-10-17)
Japan	Asia and Pacific	Quantum Technology and Innovation Strategy	-	about JPY 100 billion official figures	Japan has outlined a strategy for the development of quantum technology and innovation, focusing on creating a future society that leverages quantum advancements. The strategy includes various measures to promote the growth of quantum industries and ecosystems. (Official source, checked 2026-10-17)
Germany	Europe	Handlungskonzept Quantentechnologien	2023	EUR 2.18 billion official figures	The 'Handlungskonzept Quantentechnologien' aims to develop a competitive quantum computer. It is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, with additional support from non-university research organizations. (Official source, checked 2026-10-17)

Definition: National strategies (AI-assisted summaries)

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