Data sources and methods

Where every figure on Quantum Europe comes from. Data is read automatically from official and open sources, or compiled by hand from official pages into source-verified lists. Every record keeps its source and retrieval date, and links back to the publisher, whose page stays authoritative. No endorsement by the sources is implied.

The keywords, CPC codes and OpenAlex topics that place items in quantum technologies are published, for every pillar and family, on the classification method page.

Automatic connectors

"Not run yet" means that the connector has no recorded run on this site: it is switched off until the operator turns it on (some need a free access key, others wait for a review), or it is new and waits for its first scheduled run. Its data is not shown until it runs. "Not scheduled" marks a source read by hand.

Sources read automatically, with their licence and last run
Source	Provides	Licence	Refresh	Last run	Used on
CORDIS Publications Office of the European Union	EU-funded quantum projects (Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe) and the organisations taking part.	European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU)	Daily check; projects change when CORDIS publishes new data	2 Nov 2026, 01:57 UTC (2 days ago)	Map of quantum research across Europe Technology map of European quantum projects European quantum supply chain in EU-funded projects Funding trends in EU quantum research
EU Funding & Tenders Portal European Commission	Open and forthcoming EU funding calls on quantum topics, with deadlines.	European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU)	Daily	1 Nov 2026, 21:17 UTC (2 days ago)	Upcoming deadlines: calls, tenders and jobs
EU Funding & Tenders Portal: forthcoming and open topics (programme pipeline) European Commission	Every forthcoming and open topic of the portal, filtered to quantum: identifier, title, programme and work-programme part, type of action, the topic's own budget lines (EUR as stated), planned opening and deadlines.	European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU; CC BY 4.0 unless stated otherwise)	Weekly (a day after a failed read); on unless switched off	1 Nov 2026, 12:17 UTC (2 days ago)	EU programme pipeline: upcoming quantum topics
TED (Tenders Electronic Daily) Publications Office of the European Union	Open public procurement notices on quantum technologies.	European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU)	Daily	1 Nov 2026, 13:31 UTC (2 days ago)	Upcoming deadlines: calls, tenders and jobs
OpenAIRE Graph OpenAIRE	Publications linked to each EU-funded project.	CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)	Hourly batches within a request budget	21 Oct 2026, 14:13 UTC (13 days ago)	Research output of EU quantum projects
EU Funding & Tenders Portal: projects of other programmes European Commission	Quantum projects of Digital Europe, the Connecting Europe Facility, the European Defence Fund, Erasmus+ and the Single Market Programme.	European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU)	Monthly	Not run yet (see note)	Funding trends in EU quantum research
FWF Research Radar (FWF Open API) Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Austria	Nationally funded quantum research projects in Austria: title, programme, research institution, dates and approved funding in euro.	CC0 1.0	Weekly	28 Oct 2026, 14:23 UTC (6 days ago)	Country profiles
Research Ireland grant commitments Research Ireland (Taighde Éireann), including Science Foundation Ireland, Ireland	Nationally funded quantum research grants in Ireland: title, programme, research body, dates and, where the file states the currency, the award amount.	CC BY 4.0	Weekly	28 Oct 2026, 16:11 UTC (6 days ago)	Country profiles
BOAMP (French public procurement bulletin) DILA, France	Open French public tenders on quantum technology below the EU thresholds, which TED does not carry.	Licence Ouverte 2.0 (Etalab)	Daily	1 Nov 2026, 18:11 UTC (2 days ago)	Country profiles Upcoming deadlines: calls, tenders and jobs
Find a Tender service (UK procurement notices, OCDS API) Cabinet Office, United Kingdom	Open UK public tenders whose titles name quantum technology (UK notices are not on TED); defence and security procedures go to the restricted defence section only.	Open Government Licence v3.0	Daily (the last 26 hours of notices, at most 30 pages); the operator can switch it off	1 Nov 2026, 13:31 UTC (2 days ago)	Country profiles Upcoming deadlines: calls, tenders and jobs
Contracts Finder (UK procurement notices, search API) Crown Commercial Service and Cabinet Office, United Kingdom	Open UK public contract notices, many below the Find a Tender thresholds, whose titles name quantum technology; notices also on Find a Tender are left out.	Open Government Licence v3.0	Daily (two keyword searches); the operator can switch it off	1 Nov 2026, 13:47 UTC (2 days ago)	Country profiles Upcoming deadlines: calls, tenders and jobs
TenderNed (Dutch procurement notices) TenderNed, PIANOo, Netherlands	Open Dutch national public tenders below the EU thresholds whose titles name quantum technology (European notices are read from TED); defence and security procedures go to the restricted defence section only.	CC0 1.0	Daily (the last three days, at most 18 requests); the operator can switch it off	1 Nov 2026, 14:03 UTC (2 days ago)	Country profiles Upcoming deadlines: calls, tenders and jobs
Kohesio (EU cohesion policy projects) European Commission, DG REGIO (Cohesion Open Data Platform)	Quantum-related operations of the 2014-2020 cohesion policy (ERDF, ESF, Cohesion Fund), selected and managed by national and regional authorities and not in CORDIS: title, summary, beneficiaries, country and NUTS region, fund, programme, dates, total budget and EU co-financing in euro.	CC0 1.0	Weekly check; read again only when the dataset is updated	28 Oct 2026, 18:01 UTC (6 days ago)	Country profiles
OpenAIRE Graph: projects of national funders OpenAIRE, from the project data of national funders	Nationally funded quantum research projects of Member States without a direct connector (for example DFG, FCT, the Research Council of Finland, the Swedish Research Council and the Croatian Science Foundation) and of the Swiss National Science Foundation: title, abstract, funder, funding stream, grant, dates, participating organisations and, where stated, the funded amount.	CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)	Weekly for each funder, in two groups read on alternate runs twice a week, within the anonymous OpenAIRE request limit	1 Nov 2026, 11:12 UTC (2 days ago)	Country profiles
NWOpen API (Dutch Research Council) Dutch Research Council (NWO), Netherlands	Nationally funded quantum research projects in the Netherlands: title, funding scheme, organisations of the project members (never their names), dates and the award amount in euro.	CC0 1.0	Weekly	30 Oct 2026, 22:59 UTC (4 days ago)	Country profiles
Gateway to Research (UK Research and Innovation) UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), United Kingdom	Quantum awards of the UK research councils and Innovate UK: title, council and grant category, lead organisation, dates and the award value in pounds sterling.	Open Government Licence v3.0	Weekly check; full read when the first page changed, at least every 90 days	31 Oct 2026, 00:33 UTC (4 days ago)	Country profiles
Research Council of Norway: applications and awarded projects Research Council of Norway (Norges forskningsråd), Norway	Awarded quantum research projects in Norway (rejected applications are left out): title, activity and application type, project owner organisation and years. The file states no currency, so no amount is shown.	NLOD 2.0	Weekly check; downloaded again only when the file changed	31 Oct 2026, 00:49 UTC (4 days ago)	Country profiles
ARAMIS (Swiss federal research projects) State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Switzerland	Quantum projects funded by Innosuisse, SERI and federal offices: title, funding unit, area, status and dates. No organisation (the export names it only in a personal contact) and no amount (no currency stated).	opendata.swiss: open use, must provide the source	Monthly	23 Oct 2026, 22:48 UTC (11 days ago)	Country profiles
ANR funded projects (data.gouv.fr) French National Research Agency (ANR), France	Quantum projects funded by the ANR (science directorate since 2010 and France 2030 projects it operates): title, programme and call, partner organisations (never the scientific leads), start date and the aid allocated in euro. Attribution: ANR, data.gouv.fr, ODbL 1.0; the rows and any export that includes them are shared alike.	Open Database Licence (ODbL) 1.0	Weekly check; full read when ANR published new files (monthly)	31 Oct 2026, 15:34 UTC (3 days ago)	Country profiles Follow the money
Eurostat Eurostat, European Commission	Population, GDP and research and development expenditure, for figures per inhabitant and per unit of GDP.	Eurostat copyright notice (reuse with acknowledgement)	Yearly	Not run yet (see note)	Country profiles
Global LEI Index Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF)	Legal entity identifiers, legal forms and reported parent companies of the companies in EU-funded projects.	CC0 1.0	A few companies per cron run, refreshed after 30 days	Not run yet (see note)	European quantum supply chain in EU-funded projects
OpenAlex OurResearch	Research output of the companies in EU-funded projects.	CC0	A few companies per day within a free budget	Not run yet (see note)	European quantum supply chain in EU-funded projects
OpenAlex: quantum publications by country OurResearch	Quantum research publications per year for the EU27 and other countries on Europe in the world, with shares and growth.	CC0	Monthly, 14 requests	22 Oct 2026, 09:07 UTC (12 days ago)	Europe in the world
OpenAlex: quantum publications per country and year OurResearch	Quantum research publications of every country by publication year (one group_by request per year), for research output by country, Member State progress, briefings and country profiles.	CC0	Monthly, one request per year since 2015 (11 in 2026)	25 Oct 2026, 07:21 UTC (9 days ago)	Quantum publications and patent families by country Country profiles
OpenAlex: quantum works and authors with a European affiliation (expert directory) OurResearch	Works of the last five years whose primary topic is a quantum topic of the taxonomy and that have an author at a European institution: author name, ORCID iD, institution and country on each work, title, year and citations; the home pages of the listed people’s institutions. Professional information only; people are listed with at least five such works, the latest within two years.	CC0	Monthly, about 130 keyless requests (at most 20 a cron run and 80 a day), then about 15 for institutions	28 Oct 2026, 16:19 UTC (6 days ago)	Expert directory
Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons: profiles and photos of people in the expert directory Wikimedia Foundation	Items of listed people found by their ORCID iD (haswbstatement:P496 search and wbgetentities through the official API): image (P18), official website (P856), employer (P108), INSPIRE-HEP and DBLP ids; the image only when its Commons licence is free, copied with author and licence.	CC0 (Wikidata); the file’s own free licence (Commons)	Five listed people a cron run (one search and one entity request), each again after 90 days; at most five photos a run	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Expert directory
INSPIRE-HEP: author profiles of people in the expert directory INSPIRE (CERN, DESY, Fermilab, IHEP, SLAC)	The author profile and the person’s own links, for listed people matched by ORCID iD. E-mail addresses are never read (the terms forbid their bulk collection).	CC0 (metadata)	One request a listed person, five a cron run, each again after 90 days	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Expert directory
Semantic Scholar: author pages and homepages of people in the expert directory Allen Institute for AI	The author whose external ids name the person’s ORCID iD (never a name alone): author page and homepage, shown with attribution to Semantic Scholar.	Semantic Scholar API licence agreement (attribution required)	One request a listed person, five a cron run, each again after 90 days	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Expert directory
OpenAIRE: EU projects acknowledged in the publications of people in the expert directory OpenAIRE AMKE	For listed people matched by ORCID iD, the European Commission grants their publications acknowledge (grant number and acronym), linked to the portal's project pages. CORDIS open data has no contact persons and is not searched for them.	CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)	One request a listed person, five a cron run, each again after 90 days	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Expert directory
ORCID Public API: public employment, websites and e-mail of people in the expert directory ORCID, Inc.	Researcher URLs, current employment and an e-mail address the person made public, for listed people; the e-mail only for EC and Member State users. Dormant until the operator sets client credentials in settings.php.	ORCID Public API terms (non-commercial use); public data CC0	Two requests a listed person, five people a cron run, each again after 90 days; off without credentials	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Expert directory
OpenAlex: quantum publications per pillar for the JRC-style indicators OurResearch	Works per publication year matching the published title-and-abstract search of each pillar, for the world, the EU, the US, the UK and China and for EU co-authorship with each, for Europe in quantum (JRC-style indicators).	CC0	Quarterly, 63 search requests spread over 16 days (at most four a day)	2 Nov 2026, 00:09 UTC (2 days ago)	Europe in quantum: JRC-style indicators from open data How the portal classifies quantum technologies
European Patent Office (Open Patent Services): quantum patent families by CPC class European Patent Office	Published documents in CPC G06N 10, H04L 9/0852, H04B 10/70 and G04F 5/14 read month by month of publication: family id, earliest priority date, publication numbers, CPC classes and organisation applicants with their country; counted by applicant country and priority year, with completeness and indicative independence bands.	EPO OPS terms and conditions (Art. 3: use in own products and services; derived counts only, the data as such is not redistributed)	At most 6 requests a cron run and 60 a day, within the 120 requests and about 120 MB a day shared by every OPS caller; dormant without credentials	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Quantum publications and patent families by country Country profiles
arXiv API: new quant-ph preprints arXiv, Cornell University	Identifier, title, short abstract, categories, submission date, DOI and journal reference of new quantum physics preprints for the preprint radar; no author name is stored.	Metadata CC0 1.0 (arXiv API terms of use)	Daily, one request every 3.5 seconds; off until switched on	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Preprint radar What's new on Quantum Europe Research collaboration between European organisations and companies
OpenAlex: institutions, topics and funders of preprints OurResearch	The institutions (ROR ID, country, type), topics and funder awards of each radar preprint, for the preprint radar, the collaboration matrix, project pages and taxonomy suggestions.	CC0	Daily, fifty preprints per request, at most 40 requests a day	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Preprint radar Research collaboration between European organisations and companies
EU Transparency Register: organisations (open data) European Parliament, Council of the EU and European Commission (data.europa.eu, Secretariat-General)	Register id, name, category, head-office country, website, fields of interest, declared EU files, forums and intergroups and last update of the organisations matched to portal organisations; self-employed individuals are dropped at parse time.	European Commission reuse notice (Decision 2011/833/EU)	Weekly catalogue check; the twice-yearly snapshot file read when new or every four weeks; off until switched on	1 Nov 2026, 07:39 UTC (2 days ago)
European Patent Office (Open Patent Services): patent families of the technology intelligence report concepts European Patent Office	The published documents matching the OPS queries of each EPO Quantum technologies platform concept (CPC groups and title or abstract terms): DOCDB family, earliest priority date, title, CPC classes, IPC subclasses and organisation applicants with their country, for the screened patent landscape of the technology intelligence reports.	EPO OPS terms and conditions (Art. 3: use in own products and services; derived counts and titles of screened-out families shown, the data as such is not redistributed)	Every 30 days per concept: at most 4 requests a cron run and 10 a day, within the 120 requests and about 120 MB a day shared by every OPS caller; dormant without credentials	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Technology intelligence reports
Curated source pages for supply-chain evidence (AI proposals) The organisations and public bodies whose pages the editors list for each technology concept	Proposed evidence items (organisation, location, owner, role, disclosure kind, date) each with a verbatim quote from the page; shown and graded only after an editor confirms them.	Facts and short quotes only, read through the polite reader (robots.txt respected); each page remains under its own terms	Off unless switched on: at most two pages a cron run and ten a day, each page read again after 90 days	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Technology intelligence reports: supply-chain evidence to review
Official pages named in user suggestions The providers and organisations themselves (each page named by a visitor on Suggest an addition or correction)	Facts confirmed word for word by the official page (course name, provider, kind, countries, level, language, mode, cost, credits and next edition) for suggested additions and corrections; only facts and a one-sentence summary in the portal's words are kept, never the provider's description.	Facts only, read once per suggestion through the polite reader (robots.txt respected); each page remains under its own terms	When a suggestion is sent: checked by cron, at most three a run and 40 a day	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	Suggest an addition or correction Quantum courses, degrees and schools
ECB euro reference rates European Central Bank	One dated set of euro reference rates for the indicative euro column of public funding commitments.	ECB website terms: free reuse, the ECB cited as the source and any calculation stated	Shipped with the portal; the date is stated with the rates	Not scheduled	Europe in the world
ROR (Research Organization Registry) ROR, operated by California Digital Library, Crossref and DataCite	Registry identifiers of the organisations: ROR ID, type, year established, parent and child organisations, ISNI and the Wikidata item.	CC0 1.0	At most 50 organisations per cron run; each checked again after 90 days	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago); 510 of 1434 organisations matched
Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikidata community	For organisations matched in ROR: LEI, ISNI, country, headquarters, inception and official website from the Wikidata item ROR names.	CC0 1.0	With each ROR check	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago); 449 of 1434 organisations matched
Wikimedia Commons: organisation logos Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia Commons community	Logos of organisations, only from the logo image (P154) of the Wikidata item their ROR match names and only with a free or public-domain licence, shown with the author and licence; otherwise the initials. Company websites are not read.	Per file, as Commons states it (public domain, CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA or another free licence); recorded with each logo	At most 20 organisations per cron run; each checked again after 90 days	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago); 276 of 449 organisations with a Wikidata item have a free logo
GitHub REST API GitHub, Inc.	Facts about the repositories of the quantum software directory: the maintainers' description, detected licence, stars, main language, topics and the date of the last push; and, in the owners' organisations, new repositories for editors to review.	GitHub Terms of Service (API terms); descriptions are the maintainers' own text, shown shortened with attribution	Weekly, without a token: at most 40 of the 60 requests an hour GitHub allows per address	29 Oct 2026, 01:42 UTC (6 days ago)	European quantum software and open-source tools
PyPI JSON API Python Software Foundation (Python Package Index)	Latest release version and date of the Python packages in the quantum software directory.	PyPI Terms of Use; package metadata as published by the maintainers	Weekly, with the GitHub read	29 Oct 2026, 01:42 UTC (6 days ago)	European quantum software and open-source tools
Zenodo REST API CERN (Zenodo)	DOI, version and date of the latest archived release of software in the quantum software directory.	CC0 1.0 (Zenodo metadata)	Weekly, with the GitHub read	29 Oct 2026, 01:42 UTC (6 days ago)	European quantum software and open-source tools
News feeds Twenty official, institutional and science-news publishers	Quantum news headlines and links (excerpts only where the publisher allows).	Each publisher's terms; headline and link only unless stated	Each feed at most once a day	2 Nov 2026, 02:58 UTC (2 days ago)	What's new on Quantum Europe
Event calendars Quantum Flagship, CERN, Institut Henri Poincaré, Stockholm University, University of Copenhagen	Upcoming quantum events: title, dates, place, organiser and link.	Facts and links only, with attribution	Daily	2 Nov 2026, 02:58 UTC (2 days ago)	What's new on Quantum Europe
Quantum Flagship (qt.eu) Quantum Flagship	Jobs, documents and news of the European quantum community, reviewed before publication.	Facts and links, with attribution	Daily	2 Nov 2026, 00:24 UTC (2 days ago)
Quantum Flagship event pages (qt.eu) Quantum Flagship	Title, dates, city and country of past quantum events since 1 January of the previous year, imported after the event; no organiser, text or image.	Facts and links, with attribution	Twice a day, at most six pages a run	1 Nov 2026, 21:33 UTC (2 days ago)	Past events
Cross-source links Quantum Europe, computed from the sources above	Links from news, events, tenders, calls and jobs to the organisations and projects they name, found by exact name, acronym and website domain matching and reviewed by editors.	Derived from the linked records; no new source data	Every cron run, at most 250 records	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)	What's new on Quantum Europe
European Patent Office (Open Patent Services) European Patent Office	Quantum patent families per company (CPC G06N 10, H04L 9/0852, H04B 10/70): counts, counts by CPC group and by year, and on organisation pages the ten most recent families (number, title, date), each linked to Espacenet. Abstracts are not stored.	EPO OPS terms and conditions (Art. 3: use in own products and services; the data as such is not redistributed)	At most 10 companies a cron run; up to 120 requests and about 120 MB a day, shared by every OPS lookup; each company again after 30 days	Not run yet (see note)	European quantum supply chain in EU-funded projects
Industry association member lists (curated snapshots) European Quantum Industry Consortium (QuIC) and Quantum Business Network (QBN)	Names of member organisations, as company candidates that wait for review; universities and research centres are left out. Each entry keeps the link to the list and the retrieval date.	No reuse licence stated by either site; only the organisation name and a link to the list are kept, as a factual citation	Snapshot of the published lists, refreshed by the portal team; read when a list changes or weekly	Not run yet (see note)	Quantum companies in Europe and worldwide from open sources
TED contract award notices (company discovery) Publications Office of the European Union	Winners of public contracts whose titles name quantum technology, or quantum equipment (cryostats, lasers, photon detectors and similar) bought by research organisations: notice number, buyer, date and, for a single winner, the notice value. Procedures under Directive 2009/81/EC (defence and security) are excluded.	European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU; selected notice metadata only)	A complete read weekly, at most three search requests a cron run; later reads from 30 days back	Not run yet (see note)	Quantum companies in Europe and worldwide from open sources
EPO patent applicants (company discovery) European Patent Office	Company applicants of the quantum patent families the portal already reads from Open Patent Services, with their family counts and technology groups; natural persons and research organisations are left out. No further request is made.	EPO OPS terms and conditions (Art. 3: use in own products and services; derived counts only)	After each rebuild of the stored patent families (at most daily); dormant without OPS credentials	Not run yet (see note)	Quantum companies in Europe and worldwide from open sources
Wikidata: corporate statements Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikidata community	For organisations with a shown Wikidata item: employees (P1128), total revenue (P2139) and total equity (P2137) with their point in time and currency, owners (P127), stock exchanges (P414) and the register identifiers (LEI, EU VAT number, SIREN, Norwegian organisation number, IČO, CVR, Estonian registry code, OpenCorporates ID).	CC0 1.0	At most 10 organisations a cron run, within the shared Wikidata budget (300 requests an hour); each again after 30 days	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH): YTJ open data Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH), Finland	Company form, registration date, Trade Register status, main line of business and city of Finnish companies, read only for a business ID that Wikidata or GLEIF states.	CC BY 4.0	With the organisation facts, at most once every 30 days per company	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
Brønnøysund Register Centre: Enhetsregisteret and annual accounts key figures Brønnøysund Register Centre, Norway	Legal form, foundation and registration dates, registered employees, share capital and status of Norwegian entities, and the operating income and equity of their latest annual accounts (a preview API of the register), read only for an organisation number that Wikidata or GLEIF states.	NLOD 2.0 (Norwegian Licence for Open Government Data)	With the organisation facts, at most once every 30 days per company	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
API Recherche d’entreprises DINUM, from INSEE (Sirene), INPI (RNE and published accounts) and other public sources, France	Legal category, creation date, staff band, company category, state and, where the accounts are published, turnover of French companies, read only for a SIREN that Wikidata or GLEIF states. The names of directors are never requested.	Licence Ouverte 2.0 (Etalab)	With the organisation facts, at most once every 30 days per company	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
ARES (Czech administrative register of economic entities) Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic	Legal form, date of creation, state and registered capital of Czech companies, read only for an IČO that Wikidata or GLEIF states. Partners and statutory bodies are never stored by this step; the ownership and control step reads them separately (registers_control).	ARES operating conditions (public data, for information only)	With the organisation facts, at most once every 30 days per company	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
KRS API (Polish National Court Register) Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Poland	Name, legal form, registration date, seat, share capital and predominant activity of Polish companies from the current extract, read only for a KRS number that Wikidata or GLEIF states. The board, supervisory board and proxies are never read by this step; the ownership and control step reads shareholders and board members separately (registers_control).	CC0 1.0 (public domain; no token, no download limits)	With the organisation facts, at most once every 30 days per company	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
Register of Enterprises of Latvia: open data Register of Enterprises of the Republic of Latvia, via data.gov.lv	Name, type, registration and removal dates and the city of the legal address of Latvian legal persons, read only for a registration number that Wikidata, the EU VAT number or GLEIF states. Sole traders and farms are never kept.	CC0 1.0	With the organisation facts, at most once every 30 days per company	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
Register of Legal Entities of Lithuania: open data State Enterprise Centre of Registers (Registrų centras), via data.gov.lt	Name, legal form, legal status and registration and deregistration dates of Lithuanian legal entities, read only for a company code that Wikidata or GLEIF states. Individual enterprises are never kept.	CC BY 4.0	With the organisation facts, at most once every 30 days per company	29 Oct 2026, 18:00 UTC (5 days ago)
Official business registers: ownership and control Ministry of Justice (Poland), Register of Enterprises (Latvia), Brønnøysund Register Centre (Norway), Ministry of Finance (Czechia), Companies House (United Kingdom)	Shareholders that are companies, and the members of the management and supervisory bodies (name, role, appointment date where stated) of organisations whose KRS, Latvian, Norwegian or Czech number Wikidata or GLEIF states; natural-person shareholders for EC and Member State staff only. Never birth dates, identity numbers or addresses; not exported. Companies House persons with significant control only once its free API key is installed.	CC0 1.0 (KRS, Latvia); NLOD 2.0 (Norway); ARES operating conditions (Czechia); Open Government Licence v3.0 (Companies House)	At most 10 organisations a cron run, each again after 30 days	2 Nov 2026, 03:14 UTC (2 days ago)
Natural Earth Natural Earth	Country boundaries of the maps.	Public domain	Shipped with the portal	Not scheduled	Map of quantum research across Europe

Source-verified lists

Compiled by hand from official pages. Each record names its source and the date it was checked; editorial review is noted on each list.

Lists compiled from official sources
List	Records	Compiled
Quantum infrastructure catalogue	62	2026-10-27
Funding instruments	13	2026-10-20
Research to market: IP and exploitation support	27	2026-10-21
Use cases and support services	32	2026-10-21
Skills and training programmes	6	2026-10-27
Quantum courses, degrees and schools	101	2026-10-30
Free quantum learning resources	38	2026-10-30
European quantum software and open-source tools	33	2026-10-21
Standards and post-quantum cryptography guidance	17	2026-10-20
EU legal acts	20	2026-10-27
European suppliers of quantum enabling technologies: product lines	82	2026-10-26
Ownership changes: acquisitions of quantum-technology companies	41	2026-10-26
Parts and materials of quantum technologies	165	2026-10-25
Public investment in quantum technologies	39	2026-10-27
Report evidence: registered reports (figures shown only once approved)	14	2026-10-22
Market forecasts from published reports (numbers and links only)	18	2026-10-29
Public funding commitments worldwide	11	2026-10-21
EU quantum policy timeline	32	2026-10-27
Post-quantum cryptography migration timeline	23	2026-10-27
Post-quantum cryptography guide: actions by audience and national status	15	2026-10-27
Quantum Europe Strategy implementation tracker: actions and observed progress	37	2026-10-27

Coverage of national funding

For each Member State, the national funders checked and how the portal reads each one: a direct connector to the open data of the funder, the OpenAIRE Graph, a review-only import, or not at all, with the reason. EU research funding (CORDIS) and EU cohesion policy projects (Kohesio) cover every Member State and are not repeated here. The counts are the quantum projects the source returned when it was checked (2026-10-24), not the records published on the portal.

13 of the 27 Member States have at least one national funder read by the portal: 4 by a direct connector, 9 through the OpenAIRE Graph and 0 by a review-only import (a country can have several). 22 have at least one funder that is checked but not connected.

National funders of each Member State and how the portal reads them
Member State	Direct connector	OpenAIRE Graph	Review-only import	Not connected (checked)
Austria	Austrian Science Fund (FWF): FWF Open API, weekly: about 660 quantum projects of 1,240 search hits; OpenAIRE also carries FWF (613 hits) and is not read for it	–	–	Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) project database [No open source found]: robots.txt allows reading, but no documented API, export or licence for the project data was found
Belgium	–	–	–	Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under FWO, FNRS or BELSPO; the Flemish FRIS portal offers SOAP services only and refused automated requests FRIS research portal (researchportal.be), re-checked [No open source found]: researchportal.be answered HTTP 403 (Access Denied) to every request from this environment, robots.txt included; data.vlaanderen.be disallows every agent in robots.txt; no open dump, REST API or licence for the project data was found
Bulgaria	–	–	–	Bulgarian National Science Fund [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under BNSF Bulgarian open data portal (data.egov.bg) and BNSF website (fni.bg) [No open source found]: data.egov.bg answered HTTP 403 from this environment; the BNSF website publishes no project dataset, API or licence
Croatia	–	Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ) (44 quantum projects found) Ministry of Science, Education and Youth of the Republic of Croatia (11 quantum projects found): projects starting up to 2019	–	–
Cyprus	–	Research and Innovation Foundation (RIF) (3 quantum projects found)	–	–
Czechia	–	–	–	Czech Science Foundation (GAČR) and Technology Agency (TA ČR) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under GACR or TACR IS VaVaI / CEP open data (isvavai.cz) [Evaluated, rejected]: robots.txt of www.isvavai.cz disallows every path for every agent; the bulk JSON export needs a token
Denmark	–	Independent Research Fund Denmark (75 quantum projects found) Carlsberg Foundation (44 quantum projects found): private foundation Novo Nordisk Foundation (40 quantum projects found): private foundation	–	–
Estonia	–	–	–	Estonian Research Council (ETAg) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under ETAG Estonian Research Information System (ETIS) [No open source found]: robots.txt disallows all but the portal pages; no documented API or data licence found ETIS (etis.ee), re-checked [No open source found]: robots.txt still disallows all but the portal pages; the new etis.ee site documents no public API and states no data licence
Finland	–	Research Council of Finland (350 quantum projects found)	–	Research.fi (national research information hub) [Evaluated, rejected]: its API needs the approval of the Ministry of Education and Culture Research.fi portal back end (researchfi-api-production) [Evaluated, rejected]: answers without a key, but it is the portal's internal back end, not the documented API; the service terms say the API needs the approval of the Ministry of Education and Culture
France	BOAMP national procurement notices (DILA): public tenders below the EU thresholds, not research grants French National Research Agency (ANR), open data on data.gouv.fr (ANR_01 DGDS and ANR_02 DGPIE) (511 quantum projects found): owner decision of 24 October 2026 to reuse it under the ODbL 1.0 (share-alike; attribution "ANR, data.gouv.fr, ODbL 1.0" on every display and export); read through the data.gouv.fr tabular API (title searches, organisation columns only), weekly check of the monthly files; 511 title hits (475 DGDS since 2010, 36 France 2030), 371 by a technology phrase and 140 borderline; replaces the OpenAIRE route for ANR (448 hits there)	–	–	Institut National du Cancer (INCa) (0 quantum projects found) [Evaluated, rejected]: carried by the OpenAIRE Graph, no quantum project
Germany	–	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (429 quantum projects found): OpenAIRE holds projects starting up to 2019 only; GEPRIS itself forbids automated access in robots.txt	–	Federal research ministry (searched as BMBF) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under BMBF GEPRIS (DFG project database), re-checked [Evaluated, rejected]: robots.txt of gepris.dfg.de disallows every path for every agent except named search engines; no open export or data licence found Federal funding catalogue (Förderkatalog, foerderportal.bund.de) and GovData [Evaluated, rejected]: foerderportal.bund.de answered HTTP 403 to every request, robots.txt included; www.govdata.de and ckan.govdata.de disallow every path for every agent in robots.txt, so no export with a dl-de licence could be used
Greece	–	Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) (1 quantum project found)	–	General Secretariat for Research and Innovation (GSRI) (0 quantum projects found) [Evaluated, rejected]: carried by the OpenAIRE Graph, no quantum project
Hungary	–	–	–	National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under NKFIH or OTKA NKFIH supported projects (nkfih.gov.hu) [No open source found]: supported projects are published per call as web pages and documents; no dataset, documented API or reuse licence was found
Ireland	Research Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland: data.gov.ie grant commitments, weekly: about 130 quantum grants; OpenAIRE also carries SFI (111 hits) and Research Ireland (3) and is not read for them	–	–	Irish Research Council and Health Research Board (0 quantum projects found) [Evaluated, rejected]: carried by the OpenAIRE Graph, no quantum project
Italy	–	Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) (7 quantum projects found): projects starting up to 2017 only	–	OpenCoesione and Italia Domani (PNRR) open data [No open source found]: both hosts refused requests from this environment (geographic block, HTTP 403); could not be verified
Latvia	–	–	–	Latvian Council of Science [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under LZP Latvian open data portal (data.gov.lv) and Latvian Council of Science (lzp.gov.lv) [No open source found]: data.gov.lv lists no LZP project dataset (searches for the Council and research projects, 24 October 2026); lzp.gov.lv refused the TLS handshake from this environment
Lithuania	–	–	–	Research Council of Lithuania [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under LMT Research Council of Lithuania (lmt.lt) and data.gov.lt [No open source found]: lmt.lt refused the TLS handshake from this environment and data.gov.lt answered HTTP 500 for robots.txt; no documented open project data could be verified
Luxembourg	–	–	–	Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under FNR FNR on data.public.lu [No open source found]: the FNR publishes only documents, annual reports and accounts there (licence not specified); no funded-projects dataset or API
Malta	–	–	–	Malta Council for Science and Technology (MCST) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under MCST
Netherlands	Dutch Research Council (NWO) (353 quantum projects found): NWOpen API (CC0), weekly: title searches quantum (343), qubit (9) and kwantum (1); replaces the review-only worker for NWO; OpenAIRE also carries NWO and is not read for it	–	–	–
Poland	–	–	–	National Science Centre (NCN) and National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under NCN or NCBR Applications qualified for funding (dane.gov.pl, dataset 229) [Evaluated, rejected]: CC0, but a single HTML resource from 20 May 2014; no current machine-readable data NCN ranking lists (dane.gov.pl, dataset 2797) and projekty.ncn.gov.pl [Evaluated, rejected]: CC0 on dane.gov.pl, but the XLSX files end in December 2022 and the current resource is the NCN API on projekty.ncn.gov.pl, which sits behind Incapsula bot protection (not bypassed); the lists also name the principal investigators
Portugal	–	Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT) (406 quantum projects found)	–	–
Romania	–	–	–	Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under UEFISCDI Romanian open data portal (data.gov.ro) [No open source found]: data.gov.ro refused the TLS handshake from this environment; UEFISCDI publishes no documented project dataset or API
Slovakia	–	–	–	Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV) and VEGA [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under APVV or VEGA SK CRIS (skcris.sk) [No open source found]: robots.txt allows the portal, but the project register is a JavaScript application with no documented API, export or data licence
Slovenia	–	–	–	Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under ARIS or ARRS ARIS and SICRIS (podatki.gov.si, cris.cobiss.net) [No open source found]: the national portal podatki.gov.si has no ARIS project dataset (searches ARIS, ARRS, raziskovalni projekti, SICRIS); SICRIS is a web application with no documented API or data licence
Spain	–	–	–	State Research Agency (AEI) [No open source found]: not found in the OpenAIRE Graph under AEI, MICINN or MINECO; the agency publishes its awards as PDF only CDTI aid and subsidies open data (cdti.es) [Evaluated, rejected]: listed on datos.gob.es, but the publisher site sits behind bot protection (Incapsula) that is not bypassed Base de Datos Nacional de Subvenciones (BDNS, infosubvenciones.es) [Evaluated, rejected]: robots.txt of www.infosubvenciones.es/bdnstrans states "API no permitida" (Disallow: /api/) and disallows every award (concesiones) page; awards also name natural persons as beneficiaries
Sweden	–	Swedish Research Council (259 quantum projects found): OpenAIRE collects it from SweCRIS, which needs a registered key for direct use Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova) (76 quantum projects found) Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (1 quantum project found)	–	Formas (0 quantum projects found) [Evaluated, rejected]: carried by the OpenAIRE Graph, no quantum project SweCRIS (Swedish Research Council) [Evaluated, rejected]: regular use of the API needs a registered personal key (the public token is for trying it out); checked again on the Swecris page of vr.se Vinnova open data (data.vinnova.se) [No open source found]: the host answered HTTP 403 or timed out from this environment; no documentation could be read

Associated countries: United Kingdom, Switzerland and Norway

Across the inventory of national sources (the Member States above and these countries): 23 integrated, 0 review-only, 16 evaluated and rejected, 29 with no open source found and 0 deferred. National awards are shown in the currency the source states and are never added to EU funding.

National funders of the associated countries and how the portal reads them
Country	Direct connector	OpenAIRE Graph	Not connected (checked)
Norway	Research Council of Norway (applications and awarded projects) (73 quantum projects found): dataset soknader2 on GitHub (NLOD 2.0, listed on data.norge.no), weekly conditional download (ETag); 73 awarded projects of 279 applications with quantum in the title; no currency stated	–	Prosjektbanken (Research Council of Norway website) [Evaluated, rejected]: no documented API; robots.txt shuts out AI agents, so it was not opened
Switzerland	ARAMIS (Innosuisse, SERI and federal offices) (147 quantum projects found): full export on opendata.swiss, open use with the source named, monthly; no organisation and no currency in the export	Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) in the OpenAIRE Graph (893 quantum projects found): read in turn with the funders of the Member States (two groups on alternate runs, twice a week), so the shared anonymous budget stays below 55 requests an hour; OpenAIRE gives no currency and no participating organisation for these records	Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) data portal [Evaluated, rejected]: the datasets are open use with the source named (opendata.swiss), but robots.txt of data.snf.ch disallows every path for every agent
United Kingdom	UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), Gateway to Research (2567 quantum projects found): GtR project search on titles, Open Government Licence v3.0, weekly check of page 1 and a full read when it changed (26 pages of 100), at least every 90 days	–	–

Data coverage and freshness

Totals from the weekly data quality check of 2 November 2026: published records only, aggregated, with no record shown. Only what that check stores is reported here; the completeness of other fields, such as those of projects, is not part of it and is not shown.

Published records by type
Type	Records
Projects	8,847
Organisations	1,434
Publications	63
Events	156
Calls and opportunities	38
News	115
Infrastructure	1
Courses	101

Completeness of key fields
Key field	Filled	Records checked
Organisations with a country	99.9%	1,434
Organisations with a website	52.2%	1,434
Events with a date	100.0%	156
Events with a place	98.1%	156
Courses with a stated mode (online or in person)	73.3%	101
Courses with a stated cost	57.4%	101

Freshness of sources and stored figures
Kind	Up to date
Automatic connectors refreshed on schedule	62 of 66
Source-verified lists within their review interval	66 of 66
Stored computations up to date	69 of 74

Items without a technology family at the last classification pass: 8,386.

Methods

Technology areas, hardware platforms and supply-chain segments are matched with keywords in project titles; they approximate, and the pages say so.
Pillars follow one method across the portal: the confirmed classification of a project where there is one, else the taxonomy rules on its title, else the snapshot keyword suggestion when a keyword matched; a project that matches none of them is "Not placed in a pillar" and is counted apart, not under enabling technologies. A project in several pillars is split evenly between them; post-quantum cryptography is shown apart. Technology hubs, technology intelligence and the technology map count only the confirmed classification.
Measure "EU contribution (maximum grant agreed)": the EU funding a grant agreement sets for a whole project (CORDIS ecMaxContribution, or the EU contribution of the Funding & Tenders Portal), in EUR; a commitment, not a payment. Funding trends, at a glance, follow the money and the dashboard use it, counted in the year a project starts.
Measure "net EU contribution": the part of a grant recorded against one participant; it adds up per country and is never added to the project measure.
Country codes: the EU sources write Greece as EL and the United Kingdom as UK; the portal reads them as GR and GB everywhere, so filters and totals never split a country.
Imported items keep their publisher, source link and retrieval date; the publisher's page stays authoritative.
Company identity and ownership (GLEIF) use exact name matches only; a company without a match is shown as unmatched, never as having no record.
News, events, tenders, calls and jobs are linked to the organisations and projects they name by matching exact legal names, unambiguous short names and acronyms written in capitals, website domains and project acronyms; common words and names shared by several organisations are skipped. These automatic links are marked on the pages, can be wrong, and editors confirm or remove them.
Figures describe EU-funded activity and public data; they are not a census of the European quantum sector and not an assessment of any organisation or country.
Personal data is kept to a minimum: organisations, not people, and no contact details from imported sources.

Definitions of the indicator areas

The areas the Observatory indicators cover, what is observed in each and the counting rule. The computed indicators are listed on Observatory indicators.

Strategies and programmes

Observed: Reviewed current strategy/programme records by country

Counted as: Distinct authoritative document/programme identifiers with version and effective date; superseded versions retained

On the portal: Documents, Europe in the world

Funding and investment

Observed: Source-reported EU grant commitments in the reviewed project catalogue

Counted as: Distinct grant ID, currency EUR, award year and source EC contribution; never combine commitments with expenditure or private investment

On the portal: Quantum Europe in data, Funding instruments for quantum technologies

Companies and scale-ups

Observed: Reviewed company catalogue coverage

Counted as: Distinct verified legal entity identifier with country and dated organisation classification; not a census

On the portal: Ecosystem directory

Research and industrial projects

Observed: Reviewed project catalogue coverage by programme/type

Counted as: Distinct grant/project IDs; dated research/industrial classification backed by evidence

On the portal: Projects

Infrastructure and access

Observed: Provider-verified infrastructure and access referrals

Counted as: Distinct disclosed site/service identifiers; separately count facilities and access schemes

On the portal: European quantum infrastructure

Skills and workforce

Observed: Verified training offers and separately sourced workforce measures

Counted as: Distinct current course identifiers; workforce totals require explicit population, period and aggregation

On the portal: Quantum education and training, Quantum jobs

Procurement and deployments

Observed: Reviewed notices, awards and reference deployments

Counted as: Deduplicate procurement identifiers; keep notice, award and deployment stages separate

On the portal: Opportunities, including EU public tenders from TED

Standards and benchmarks

Observed: Versioned standards/activity references and benchmark results

Counted as: Distinct document/version; benchmark values retain method, hardware and measurement conditions

On the portal: Quantum standards and guidance

Geographic and technology capability

Observed: Reviewed catalogue distribution with explicit country semantics

Counted as: Count approved records with source-backed coordinator/participant/service-site country; show missing metadata; technology classification requires evidence

On the portal: Quantum Europe country distribution, Countries in EU quantum projects, Compare countries

QES and Quantum Act progress

Observed: Evidence-backed milestone history

Counted as: Milestone identifier, responsible authority, dated evidence and approved status; no AI-determined institutional compliance

On the portal: EU legal acts on quantum