How the portal classifies quantum technologies

Every count on the portal that is split by quantum technology is computed with the rules on this page, so it can be reproduced from them: the keywords matched in titles and summaries, the CPC groups searched in patents, and the OpenAlex topics and searches used for publications. The page, the CSV and the JSON are generated from the data files the portal reads, so they cannot drift from what the portal does.

Three things are not rules and are not on this page: an editor’s decision on a single item (confirmed or rejected), which overrides the rules for that item; the suggestions of the AI classifier where it is switched on, which are labelled, never confirmed and counted only in the figures that include suggestions; and the date of each source snapshot, which every page states.

Download as CSV · Download as JSON · Europe in quantum: JRC-style indicators · Data sources and methods

Why four pillars: the draft SRIA 2026

The portal groups quantum technologies the way the Quantum Flagship’s draft Strategic Research and Industry Agenda (SRIA) 2026 does, so that its figures can be read next to the agenda that European research and industry policy will refer to. The draft has three technology roadmaps (computing and simulation; communication; sensing and metrology) and industrial roadmaps, among them one for the supply chain and enabling technologies and one for the industrialisation of quantum chips. The portal therefore has three application pillars and one enabling pillar.

The pillars of the portal, the draft SRIA 2026 and the earlier four-pillar view
Pillar of the portal	Chapters of the draft SRIA 2026	Earlier four-pillar view of the Quantum Flagship
Quantum computing and simulation	Quantum Computing & Simulation Roadmap Update 2026 (pages 3 to 42)	Two pillars: quantum computing, and quantum simulation (here the family group of analogue simulators and digital simulation)
Quantum communication	Quantum Communication Roadmap Update 2026 (pages 43 to 74)	Quantum communication
Quantum sensing and metrology	Quantum Sensing & Metrology Roadmap Update 2026 (pages 75 to 100)	Quantum sensing and metrology
Enabling technologies and supply chain	Supply Chain and Enabling Technologies Roadmap Update 2026 (pages 101 to 134); Quantum Chips Industrialisation Roadmap Update 2026 (pages 135 to 167)	Not a pillar: enabling technologies and basic science underneath the four pillars

Compared with the earlier four-pillar view of the Quantum Flagship (computing, simulation, communication, and sensing and metrology), quantum simulation is no longer a pillar of its own: the draft merges it with computing in one roadmap, so here it is a family group of computing and simulation, with its own page. Quantum simulation on the technology hub

Enabling technologies are a pillar of their own because the draft treats the supply chain explicitly, in its own roadmaps: quantum chips and their fabrication, materials, cryogenics, photonics and lasers, control electronics and the software stack are listed and counted there, not hidden under the application pillars. Post-quantum cryptography stays a related area: it is classical cryptography, not a quantum technology.

The SRIA 2026 is a draft for public consultation; this grouping will be compared with the final agenda when it is published, and changed in a new taxonomy version if the final chapters differ (taxonomy 2.2.0). Earlier links, stored classifications and editor decisions keep working: figures recorded under quantum simulation count under computing and simulation.

How an item is classified

Rules (family-rules-v1, taxonomy 2.2.0 of 2026-10-23): a family or pillar keyword found in the public title or summary suggests that node. Exclude phrases are removed from the text first; a veto keyword stops the node; a qualified keyword counts only with a context keyword. A high-precision keyword confirms the node, because every match of it on the shipped corpus was read and found correct; any other match is a suggestion for an editor.
Authoritative fields: a value of a source field that names a technology is confirmed.
Keyword suggestion of the CORDIS snapshot (keyword-fallback-v1): one pillar per project from the rule listed below, and "Not placed in a pillar" when nothing matches (until taxonomy 2.1.0 it was enabling); used only where the rules above give nothing, and always labelled as a suggestion.
One pillar method for every page: Pillars follow one method across the portal: the confirmed classification of a project where there is one, else the taxonomy rules on its title, else the snapshot keyword suggestion when a keyword matched; a project that matches none of them is "Not placed in a pillar" and is counted apart, not under enabling technologies. A project in several pillars is split evenly between them; post-quantum cryptography is shown apart.
Patents: a family is placed by its CPC groups (column "Patent reader CPC"); no keyword is used.
Publications: per country, the five OpenAlex topics below (all pillars together); for the JRC-style indicators, the OpenAlex search of each pillar. The preprint radar places a preprint by its primary OpenAlex topic (column "Preprint radar topics").

Sources used for every pillar

OpenAlex topics counted as quantum (publications per country, Europe in the world, collaboration)
Topic	Name
T10020	Quantum Information and Cryptography
T10682	Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
T11414	Quantum optics and atomic interactions
T10425	Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
T11993	Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research

CPC groups read by the EPO patent family reader
CPC	Title or reason
G06N10	G06N 10/00 Quantum computing
H04L9/0852	H04L 9/0852 Quantum cryptography
H04B10/70	H04B 10/70 Photonic quantum communication
G04F5/14	G04F 5/14 Timing standards using atomic clocks
B82Y10	Not used: Names quantum computing only as one example of nanotechnology for information processing, so the group also holds documents that are not about quantum computing (as in technology-intelligence.json). Removed from EpoPatents::CPC and the computing group on 23 October 2026.
G01R33/035	Not used: Covers superconductive magneto-resistances as well as SQUIDs, and SQUIDs themselves (G01R 33/0354) are not limited to quantum sensing (as in technology-intelligence.json). Removed from the sensing group of EpoPatents::CPC_GROUPS on 23 October 2026.
G01R33/26	Not used: Optically pumped magnetometers include atomic quantum sensors, but the title does not limit the group to them (as in technology-intelligence.json). Removed from the sensing group of EpoPatents::CPC_GROUPS on 23 October 2026.
G01C19/58	Not used: Includes ring-laser and fibre-optic Sagnac gyrometers (G01C 19/64 to 19/72), which are not quantum sensors. Removed from the sensing group of EpoPatents::CPC_GROUPS on 23 October 2026.
H04L9/0869	Not used: Covers every random number source, not only quantum ones, so it is not used for quantum random number generation.
H04L9/3093	Not used: Lattice-based public-key schemes include post-quantum algorithms, but the title is not limited to them and quantum-safe security is not a quantum technology; no CPC group title of version 2026.08 names post-quantum cryptography among the pages read.

OpenAlex searches of the JRC-style indicators (title and abstract)
Set	Search
Computing and simulation: computing search	`(("quantum computing" OR "quantum computer" OR "quantum computation" OR ("qubit" AND quantum) OR "quantum processor" OR "quantum algorithm" OR "quantum error correction" OR ("fault-tolerant" AND quantum) OR "quantum advantage" OR ("nisq" AND quantum)) NOT ("quantum group"))`
Computing and simulation: simulation search	`(("quantum simulation" OR "quantum simulator" OR "analogue quantum" OR "analog quantum" OR "quantum emulation" OR "quantum emulator") NOT ("optical lattice clock"))`
Quantum communication	`(("quantum communication" OR "quantum key distribution" OR ("qkd" AND quantum) OR "quantum network" OR "quantum internet" OR "quantum repeater" OR ("entanglement distribution" AND quantum)) NOT ("post-quantum"))`
Quantum sensing and metrology	`("quantum sensing" OR "quantum sensor" OR "quantum metrology" OR ("atomic clock" AND quantum) OR ("optical clock" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometer" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometry" AND quantum) OR ("gravimeter" AND quantum) OR ("gravimetry" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometer" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometry" AND quantum) OR "quantum imaging")`
Post-quantum cryptography (shown separately)	`("post-quantum" OR ("pqc" AND quantum) OR "quantum-safe" OR "quantum-resistant" OR ("crypto-agility" AND quantum) OR ("cryptographic migration" AND quantum))`
Quantum technologies, without PQC	((("quantum computing" OR "quantum computer" OR "quantum computation" OR ("qubit" AND quantum) OR "quantum processor" OR "quantum algorithm" OR "quantum error correction" OR ("fault-tolerant" AND quantum) OR "quantum advantage" OR ("nisq" AND quantum)) NOT ("quantum group")) OR (("quantum communication" OR "quantum key distribution" OR ("qkd" AND quantum) OR "quantum network" OR "quantum internet" OR "quantum repeater" OR ("entanglement distribution" AND quantum)) NOT ("post-quantum")) OR ("quantum sensing" OR "quantum sensor" OR "quantum metrology" OR ("atomic clock" AND quantum) OR ("optical clock" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometer" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometry" AND quantum) OR ("gravimeter" AND quantum) OR ("gravimetry" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometer" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometry" AND quantum) OR "quantum imaging") OR (("quantum simulation" OR "quantum simulator" OR "analogue quantum" OR "analog quantum" OR "quantum emulation" OR "quantum emulator") NOT ("optical lattice clock")))
Quantum technologies, with PQC	((("quantum computing" OR "quantum computer" OR "quantum computation" OR ("qubit" AND quantum) OR "quantum processor" OR "quantum algorithm" OR "quantum error correction" OR ("fault-tolerant" AND quantum) OR "quantum advantage" OR ("nisq" AND quantum)) NOT ("quantum group")) OR (("quantum communication" OR "quantum key distribution" OR ("qkd" AND quantum) OR "quantum network" OR "quantum internet" OR "quantum repeater" OR ("entanglement distribution" AND quantum)) NOT ("post-quantum")) OR ("quantum sensing" OR "quantum sensor" OR "quantum metrology" OR ("atomic clock" AND quantum) OR ("optical clock" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometer" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometry" AND quantum) OR ("gravimeter" AND quantum) OR ("gravimetry" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometer" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometry" AND quantum) OR "quantum imaging") OR (("quantum simulation" OR "quantum simulator" OR "analogue quantum" OR "analog quantum" OR "quantum emulation" OR "quantum emulator") NOT ("optical lattice clock")) OR ("post-quantum" OR ("pqc" AND quantum) OR "quantum-safe" OR "quantum-resistant" OR ("crypto-agility" AND quantum) OR ("cryptographic migration" AND quantum)))

Quantum computing and simulation

Pillar rules (computing)

Keywords: quantum comput*; qubit*; quantum processor*; quantum algorithm*; quantum error correction; fault-tolerant; quantum advantage; nisq
Veto: quantum group*
Guards (classifier only): post-quantum*, quantum-resistant, quantum-safe, quantum computer resi*, quantum computer safe*, quantum computer secur* (unless qubit*, quantum processor*, quantum algorithm*, quantum hardware, quantum advantage, quantum error correction, limits of quantum comput*, quantum computing and post-quantum*, quantum computers and post-quantum*); eidas, level of assurance; parallel programming (unless qubit*, quantum comput*, quantum processor*, quantum algorithm*, quantum hardware, quantum advantage, quantum error correction)
CPC groups: G06N10
Patent reader CPC: G06N10/
OpenAlex topics: T10682 Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Preprint radar topics: T10682 Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture (broader, radar, suggestions)
EuroSciVoc: quantum computers (exact)
Keyword suggestion rule: quantum comput; \bqubit; quantum processor; quantum algorithm; error correction; fault[- ]toleran; quantum annealing; superconducting circuit; trapped[- ]ion; quantum software; quantum advantage; quantum cloud; \bnisq\b; quantum machine learning; hpc
OpenAlex search (JRC-style indicators): (("quantum computing" OR "quantum computer" OR "quantum computation" OR ("qubit" AND quantum) OR "quantum processor" OR "quantum algorithm" OR "quantum error correction" OR ("fault-tolerant" AND quantum) OR "quantum advantage" OR ("nisq" AND quantum)) NOT ("quantum group"))

Superconducting qubits (superconducting)

Keywords: superconducting qubit*; superconducting circuit*; superconducting quantum*; transmon*; fluxonium*; circuit qed; circuit quantum electrodynamic*; josephson circuit*
High precision: superconducting qubit*; transmon*
Veto: voltage standard*; si unit*; astronom*
Qualified: josephson*
Context: qubit*; quantum comput*; quantum processor*; quantum circuit*; quantum information; circuit qed; transmon*; fluxonium*
CPC groups: G06N10/40

Trapped ions (trapped-ions)

Keywords: trapped ion*; ion trap*; trapped-ion*; ion qubit*
Exclude: ion trap mass*
CPC groups: G06N10/40

Neutral atoms (neutral-atoms)

Keywords: neutral atom*; rydberg atom*; rydberg array*; tweezer array*; atom array*
Qualified: optical tweezer*
Context: atom*; rydberg*; neutral*
Guards (classifier only): terahertz, thz, electric field*, electrometr*, sensor*, sensing, detector*, imaging, quantum key*, quantum fluid* (unless qubit*, quantum comput*, quantum processor*, quantum gate*, tweezer*, simulat*, entangle*)
CPC groups: G06N10/40

Photonic qubits (photonic)

Keywords: photonic qubit*; photonic quantum comput*; photonic quantum processor*; optical quantum comput*; linear optical quantum*; boson sampling; quantum photonic process*
Qualified: quantum photonic*; integrated quantum photonic*; single photon*; squeezed light; cluster state*
Context: qubit*; quantum comput*; quantum processor*; quantum information processing; quantum advantage
CPC groups: G06N10/40

Spin qubits in semiconductors (spin-qubits)

Keywords: spin qubit*; silicon qubit*; germanium qubit*; hole spin*; donor spin*; quantum dot qubit*; quantum dot spin*; gate-defined quantum dot*
Exclude: quantum dot solar*; quantum dot light*; quantum dot display*; quantum dot led*; colloidal quantum dot*
Veto: molecular*
Qualified: quantum dot*
Context: qubit*; spin*; quantum comput*; quantum processor*
Guards (classifier only): photon*, biphoton*, photonic*, emitter*, laser*, solar, photovolta*, perovskite*, display*, luminescen*, nanocrystal*, biomedic*, bioimaging, fluorescen*, label*, bioconjugat*, diagnos*, disease*, biosens*, kitaev*, majorana*, colloidal, nanomaterial* (unless spin*, spin qubit*, silicon qubit*, germanium qubit*, gate-defined quantum dot*)
CPC groups: G06N10/40
OpenAlex topics: T10382 Quantum and electron transport phenomena
Preprint radar topics: T10382 Quantum and electron transport phenomena (related, radar)

Colour centres in diamond (nv-diamond)

Keywords: nitrogen-vacancy; nv centre*; nv center*; colour centre*; color center*; diamond qubit*; spin defect*
CPC groups: G06N10/40

Topological qubits (topological)

Keywords: topological qubit*; topological quantum comput*; majorana qubit*
Qualified: majorana*; anyon*
Context: qubit*; quantum comput*; quantum processor*; braiding
CPC groups: G06N10/40

Quantum annealing (annealing)

Keywords: quantum anneal*; annealer*
High precision: quantum anneal*
CPC groups: G06N10/40

Quantum simulation (family group; a pillar until taxonomy 1.5.0) (simulation)

Keywords: quantum simulat*; analogue quantum; analog quantum; quantum emulat*
Exclude: optical lattice clock*
Guards (classifier only): ab initio, first principles, density functional*, dft, molecular dynamic*, chemistry, actinide*, transistor*, nanodevice*, insulators and conductors, warm dense matter, dna, protein*, drug*, bioinformatic*, computer algebra, condensed phase, metal-organic, hydrogen bond*, photodynamic*, ehrenfest, electronic friction, modelling of materials, materials modelling, electronic device* (unless qubit*, quantum comput*, quantum processor*, quantum algorithm*, quantum hardware, quantum advantage, quantum error correction, quantum simulator*, ultracold*, cold atom*, trapped ion*, ion trap*, rydberg*, optical lattice*, superconducting circuit*, analog quantum, analogue quantum, near-term, variational quantum*)
OpenAlex topics: T11804 Quantum many-body systems
Preprint radar topics: T11804 Quantum many-body systems (related, radar)
EuroSciVoc: quantum gases (related)
Keyword suggestion rule: simulat(?:or|ion); many-body; optical lattice; ultracold; analogue; analog quantum; cold atoms; lattice gauge
OpenAlex search (JRC-style indicators): (("quantum simulation" OR "quantum simulator" OR "analogue quantum" OR "analog quantum" OR "quantum emulation" OR "quantum emulator") NOT ("optical lattice clock"))

Analogue quantum simulators (analogue-simulators)

Keywords: analogue quantum simulat*; analog quantum simulat*; quantum simulator*; quantum gas microscop*
Exclude: optical lattice clock*
Qualified: optical lattice*; ultracold atom*; bose-einstein condensat*; rydberg atom*
Context: quantum simulat*; simulator*; emulat*
OpenAlex topics: T10425 Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Preprint radar topics: T10425 Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates (related, radar)

Digital quantum simulation (digital-simulation)

Keywords: digital quantum simulat*; variational quantum eigensolver*; variational quantum algorithm*; hamiltonian simulation
Qualified: quantum chemistry algorithm*
Context: quantum comput*; qubit*; quantum processor*; quantum hardware; near-term; variational*; fault-tolerant; quantum advantage

Quantum communication

Pillar rules (communication)

Keywords: quantum communication*; quantum key distribution; qkd; quantum network*; quantum internet; quantum repeater*; entanglement distribution
Exclude: post-quantum*
Guards (classifier only): neuromorphic, pt-symmetric, open quantum network*, coherent quantum network* (unless communication*, repeater*, internet, qkd, quantum key*, entanglement distribution, network node*)
CPC groups: H04L9/0852; H04B10/70
Patent reader CPC: H04L9/0852; H04L9/0855; H04L9/0858; H04B10/70
OpenAlex topics: T10020 Quantum Information and Cryptography
Preprint radar topics: T10020 Quantum Information and Cryptography (related, radar)
Keyword suggestion rule: \bqkd\b; key distribution; cryptograph; quantum (?:internet|network|communicat|repeater|key); entanglement distribution; secure communicat; post-quantum; quantum memor
OpenAlex search (JRC-style indicators): (("quantum communication" OR "quantum key distribution" OR ("qkd" AND quantum) OR "quantum network" OR "quantum internet" OR "quantum repeater" OR ("entanglement distribution" AND quantum)) NOT ("post-quantum"))

Quantum key distribution (QKD) (qkd)

Keywords: quantum key distribution; qkd; quantum key*; quantum cryptograph*; euroqci
Exclude: post-quantum*
High precision: quantum key distribution
CPC groups: H04L9/0852

Quantum random number generation (qrng)

Keywords: quantum random number*; qrng*
High precision: quantum random number*

Quantum networks and repeaters (quantum-networks)

Keywords: quantum network*; quantum internet; quantum repeater*; entanglement distribution; entanglement swapping; quantum link*
Exclude: post-quantum*
Guards (classifier only): neuromorphic, pt-symmetric, open quantum network*, coherent quantum network* (unless communication*, repeater*, internet, qkd, quantum key*, entanglement distribution, network node*)
CPC groups: H04L9/0855

Quantum memories (quantum-memories)

Keywords: quantum memor*; photon storage; atomic memor*
OpenAlex topics: T11414 Quantum optics and atomic interactions
Preprint radar topics: T11414 Quantum optics and atomic interactions (related, radar)

Satellite quantum communication (satellite-qcomm)

Keywords: satellite qkd; satellite quantum; quantum satellite*; space quantum communication*; free-space qkd; space qkd

Quantum sensing and metrology

Pillar rules (sensing)

Keywords: quantum sens*; quantum metrology; atomic clock*; optical clock*; magnetometer*; gravimeter*; atom interferomet*; quantum imaging
Qualified: quantum-enhanced sens*; quantum-enhanced metrolog*
Context: quantum*
Guards (classifier only): applied materials, functional materials, quantum materials, materials characteri*, characterisation of materials, characterization of materials, molecular magnet*, magnetic properties (unless quantum sens*, atomic*, optically pumped, opm*, nv, nitrogen-vacancy, diamond*, magnetoencephalograph*, biomagnet*, navigation, brain*)
Patent reader CPC: G04F5/14
EuroSciVoc: sensors (broader)
Keyword suggestion rule: \bsens(?:or|ors|ing)\b; metrolog; magnetomet; gravimet; atomic clock; optical clock; \bnv[- ]cent; interferomet; \bimaging\b; \bgyroscop
OpenAlex search (JRC-style indicators): ("quantum sensing" OR "quantum sensor" OR "quantum metrology" OR ("atomic clock" AND quantum) OR ("optical clock" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometer" AND quantum) OR ("magnetometry" AND quantum) OR ("gravimeter" AND quantum) OR ("gravimetry" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometer" AND quantum) OR ("atom interferometry" AND quantum) OR "quantum imaging")

Atomic and optical clocks (atomic-clocks)

Keywords: atomic clock*; optical clock*; optical lattice clock*; nuclear clock*; ion clock*; frequency standard*
CPC groups: G04F5/14
OpenAlex topics: T12004 Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
Preprint radar topics: T12004 Advanced Frequency and Time Standards (exact, radar, suggestions)

Quantum magnetometers (magnetometers)

Keywords: atomic magnetometer*; optically pumped magnetometer*; squid magnetometer*; quantum magnetometer*; magnetoencephalograph*
Guards (classifier only): applied materials, functional materials, quantum materials, materials characteri*, characterisation of materials, characterization of materials, molecular magnet*, magnetic properties (unless quantum sens*, atomic*, optically pumped, opm*, nv, nitrogen-vacancy, diamond*, magnetoencephalograph*, biomagnet*, navigation, brain*)
OpenAlex topics: T11993 Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Preprint radar topics: T11993 Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research (related, radar)

Quantum gravimeters and inertial sensors (gravimeters-inertial)

Keywords: quantum gravimet*; atom interferomet*; quantum gyroscop*; quantum acceleromet*; cold atom gravimet*; quantum inertial*; quantum navigation; gravity gradiomet*; quantum space gravimetr*

Quantum imaging (quantum-imaging)

Keywords: quantum imaging; ghost imaging; quantum lidar; quantum radar; quantum illumination; quantum microscop*; quantum-enhanced imaging

Colour-centre sensors (nv-sensing)

Keywords: nv magnetometr*; diamond magnetometer*; nv sensor*; nv-based sensing; quantum diamond microscop*; diamond quantum sensor*
Preprint radar topics: T10478 Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research (related, radar)

Enabling technologies and supply chain

Pillar rules (enabling)

Keywords: cryogenic system*; cryogenic platform*; cryogenic infrastructure*; cryogenic measurement*; cryogenic engineering; dilution refrigerat*; cryo-cmos; control electronic*; quantum foundry; quantum software stack
Qualified: cryogen*; quantum testing; quantum test infrastructure*; certification of quantum; certified quantum component*; validation of quantum
Context: quantum comput*; quantum processor*; qubit*; scal*

Cryogenics and cooling (cryogenics)

Keywords: cryogenic system*; cryogenic platform*; cryogenic infrastructure*; cryogenic measurement*; cryogenic engineering; cryogenic cooling; cryostat*; dilution refrigerat*; millikelvin; sub-kelvin; cryo-cooler*; cryocooler*
Qualified: cryogen*
Context: cryostat*; refrigerat*; cooler*; cooling; vibration*; helium

Photonics, lasers and optics (photonics)

Keywords: photonic integrated circuit*; integrated photonic*; silicon photonic*; nanophotonic*; single-photon detector*; single-photon source*; superconducting nanowire*; frequency comb*; quantum light source*; quantum dot single-photon*; quantum dot photon source*; entangled photon source*; photon pair source*; single-photon emitter*
Exclude: quantum cascade laser frequency comb*; quantum cascade laser*
Qualified: laser*; waveguide*; metasurface*
Context: quantum technolog*; atom based; atom-based; quantum comput*; quantum processor*; quantum sensor*; quantum communication*; quantum key*; photonic integrat*
Guards (classifier only): quantum cascade*, quantum dash* (unless entangle*, squeez*, single photon*, photon pair*); tumour*, tumor*, cancer*, diagnos*, medical*, biomedic*, luminescent label*, labelling of cells, cell labelling, protein* (unless entangle*, squeez*, single photon*, qubit*, quantum comput*, quantum key*, quantum communication*, quantum light*, photon pair*, quantum network*, quantum sens*); phase slip*
Preprint radar topics: T10299 Photonic and Optical Devices (related, radar)
EuroSciVoc: laser physics (related); nanophotonics (related)

Control electronics (electronics-control)

Keywords: control electronic*; cryo-cmos; cryo-electronic*; readout electronic*; microwave control; arbitrary waveform; parametric amplifier*; quantum-limited amplifier*
Guards (classifier only): light, optical*, multimode (unless microwave*, superconduct*, josephson*, qubit*, readout*)

Quantum chips, materials and fabrication (materials-fabrication)

Keywords: isotopically enriched; isotopically pure; nanofabricat*; foundry; pilot line*; qubit fabricat*; quantum chip fabricat*
Veto: photovolta*; solar
Qualified: epitax*; heterostructure*; thin film*
Context: qubit*; quantum comput*; quantum processor*; quantum chip*; quantum device fabricat*; foundry; manufactur*
EuroSciVoc: nanotechnology (related)

Quantum software stack (software-stack)

Keywords: quantum software; quantum compiler*; quantum compil*; quantum programming; quantum sdk*; quantum operating system*; quantum benchmark*
EuroSciVoc: software (broader)

Quantum-safe security (post-quantum cryptography)

Pillar rules (quantum-safe-security)

Keywords: post-quantum; pqc; quantum-safe; quantum-resistant; crypto-agility; cryptographic migration
Preprint radar topics: T10237 Cryptography and Data Security (related, radar)
EuroSciVoc: cryptography (broader)
OpenAlex search (JRC-style indicators): ("post-quantum" OR ("pqc" AND quantum) OR "quantum-safe" OR "quantum-resistant" OR ("crypto-agility" AND quantum) OR ("cryptographic migration" AND quantum))

Post-quantum algorithms and standards (pqc-algorithms)

Keywords: post-quantum algorithm*; post-quantum cryptograph*; post-quantum signature*; lattice-based cryptograph*; ml-kem; ml-dsa; slh-dsa; quantum computer resi*; quantum computer safe*; quantum computer secur*
High precision: ml-kem; ml-dsa; slh-dsa

Post-quantum products (pqc-products)

Keywords: post-quantum product*; pqc library; pqc libraries; quantum-safe vpn; hybrid key exchange

Post-quantum migration (pqc-migration)

Keywords: pqc migration; post-quantum migration; cryptographic inventor*; crypto-agility; quantum-safe transition; post-quantum transition

JRC and EU analysis

Reports and pages of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC). Identifiers are those of the JRC Publications Repository; the portal does not reproduce their data.

EU role in the global quantum race (Policy brief, 2025, handle JRC142902)
Policy brief on the global quantum technology landscape: public and private funding, innovation potential and market perspective.
Future Directions for Quantum Technology in Europe (Report, 2025, doi:10.2760/0891087, doi:10.2760/0209304, CC BY 4.0)
Background analysis for the Quantum Europe Strategy: companies, patents, publications, supply chains, public funding and venture capital, by sector (communication including QKD, computing including simulation, sensing, and post-quantum cryptography).
(Dis)Entangling the Future: horizon scanning for emerging technologies and breakthrough innovations in the field of quantum technologies (Report, 2024, doi:10.2760/9842945, doi:10.2760/6199218)
Horizon scanning of emerging quantum technologies and breakthrough innovations (FUTURINNOV project).
Collaboration and Semantic Networks of EU-funded Research in Quantum Technologies: 2007-2019 (Report, 2019, doi:10.2760/10428)
Budgets, participants, host countries and collaboration networks of EU-funded CORDIS projects containing the word quantum, 2007 to 2019 (EUR 29821 EN).
Patent analysis of selected quantum technologies (Report, 2019, doi:10.2760/938284)
Patent applications in the EPO Global Patent Index for quantum computing, quantum key distribution, quantum entanglement and cold atom interferometry, with a discussion of method (EUR 29614 EN).