Quantum computing platforms compared

The five main hardware platforms for quantum computers, compared on what EU-funded research and innovation shows: projects and funding over time, the companies and countries taking part, research output, and how much of each platform's parts and materials EU-funded projects cover. The figures describe EU-funded activity, not the merit of a platform.

• Superconducting circuits

  EU-funded projects

  48

  EU contribution

  €136m

  Companies in matching projects

  22

  Publications linked (OpenAIRE)

  1,064

  Companies in the most matching projects

  1. Bluefors OY (FI)
  2. Eurice European Research and Project Office GMBH (DE)
  3. Low Noise Factory AB (SE)

  Parts and materials · Technology atlas of Superconducting circuits on the technology hub

• Trapped ions

  EU-funded projects

  24

  EU contribution

  €57.4m

  Companies in matching projects

  8

  Publications linked (OpenAIRE)

  611

  Companies in the most matching projects

  1. Alpine Quantum Technologies GMBH (AT)
  2. Bull SAS (FR)
  3. Toptica Photonics Se (DE)

  Parts and materials · Technology atlas of Trapped ions on the technology hub

• Neutral atoms

  EU-funded projects

  82

  EU contribution

  €189m

  Companies in matching projects

  17

  Publications linked (OpenAIRE)

  1,911

  Companies in the most matching projects

  1. Pasqal (FR)
  2. Thales (FR)
  3. Eurice European Research and Project Office GMBH (DE)

  Parts and materials · Technology atlas of Neutral atoms on the technology hub

• Photonic qubits

  EU-funded projects

  92

  EU contribution

  €201m

  Companies in matching projects

  36

  Publications linked (OpenAIRE)

  1,681

  Companies in the most matching projects

  1. Quandela (FR)
  2. Ephos SRL (IT)
  3. Single Quantum BV (NL)

  Parts and materials · Technology atlas of Photonic qubits on the technology hub

• Spins and semiconductors

  EU-funded projects

  108

  EU contribution

  €203m

  Companies in matching projects

  25

  Publications linked (OpenAIRE)

  1,521

  Companies in the most matching projects

  1. Abs Optronics GMBH (DE)
  2. Amsys LTD (IL)
  3. Avantama AG (CH)

  Parts and materials · Technology atlas of Spins and semiconductors on the technology hub

How the figures are made

• Projects, EU contribution and growth: CORDIS projects whose title names the platform (keyword matching, as on the technology map); a project naming two platforms is split between them.
• Growth compares projects starting 2021–2026 with 2015–2020; the last year is left out because its projects are still being signed.
• Companies, SMEs and countries: organisations in the projects matching the platform in the parts-and-materials tree, whose keywords differ slightly from the title matching above.
• Publications: OpenAIRE Graph results linked to the platform's projects, for the projects checked so far; per EUR 1 million only where enough projects are checked.
• Parts and materials: the source-verified tree; a part counts as a gap when no EU-funded project title names it, which does not mean nobody in Europe works on it.
• Patents are not counted per platform: the European Patent Office data (EPO OPS) is connected, but it is classified by CPC class and EPO quantum concept, not by platform. Patent families are shown by applicant country and in the technology intelligence reports.

Funding trends by platform · Research output by platform · Parts and materials · Patent families by country · Technology intelligence reports