Technology hub: Neutral atoms
Qubits stored in uncharged atoms held in arrays of optical tweezers and coupled through Rydberg states.
- Pillar
- Quantum computing and simulation
- Related codes
- Axis in the faceted taxonomy
- Physical platform: Neutral atoms (draft — to be completed by the responsible team)
- Validation
- Proposed — not yet validated by an expert
- Sources of the definition
2 sources
- Quantum Flagship: Strategic Research and Industry Agenda (SRIA) for quantum technologies, draft for the second phase of the public consultation; chapter 3, Quantum Sensing & Metrology Roadmap Update 2026 (pp. 75 to 100), chapter 1, Quantum Computing & Simulation Roadmap Update 2026 (pp. 3 to 42) (read 2026-10-29)
- EPO and USPTO: G06N10/40 Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits (broader match) (read 2026-10-29)
85 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed: 99. Suggestions are counted, not listed.
At a glance
- EU and national projects: 47
- Organisations and companies: 15
- Funding rounds: 5
- Infrastructure and deployment status: 12
- Quantum software: 1
- Jobs and funding calls: 3
- News and events: 2
Key items: EU and national projects
- Q-PLANET SGA1: Quantum Pilot Line for production of Advanced chips for Neutral atom European Technologies - Specific Agreement 1
- Neutral-atom quantum systems with high connectivity
- CoPaNA: Concatenated Parity codes on Neutral Atoms
Key items: Organisations and companies
Expert review sheet of the faceted taxonomy (every value, definition and source)
Overview
The technology atlas of Neutral atoms: its value chain, the documented actors by role, facilities, funding, patents and publications, standards and policy measures on one page, each from a source the portal already publishes. Each section says whether these sources document the technology, show an evidence gap or hold nothing about it.
| Section | State in these sources | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Value chain | Documented in these sources | 17 |
| Actors by role | Documented in these sources | 50 |
| Facilities and access | Documented in these sources | 6 |
| Funding | Documented in these sources | 6 |
| Patents and publications | Documented in these sources | 2 |
| Standards | Documented in these sources | 13 |
| Policy measures | Documented in these sources | 6 |
| Evidence gaps | Evidence gap in these sources | 2 |
- Documented in these sources: at least one record of these sources is about this technology.
- Evidence gap in these sources: the parts tree names a stage, but no documented European actor is linked to it here. Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency.
- No evidence found in these sources: No evidence found in these sources. It means only that these sources hold nothing on it.
Public layer: structure and documented actors only. Actor roles come from typed, dated relationships and are never inferred from shared projects or patents. Supplier assessments of the restricted dependency map are not shown on this public page. No technology readiness level is given.
External context: EPO Observatory: quantum technologies · EPO Deep Tech Finder
Value chain
The stages of this technology in the parts tree, a reference structure from review articles and EU law, with the European companies whose own product page names a product line for the stage or a part under it (the curated supplier directory).
Documented in these sources: 17 stages; 2 stages with an evidence gap.
Neutral atoms
| Stage | Level | Part of | Materials | Documented European actors | State |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atomic register and vacuum system | Subsystem | Neutral atoms | Edwards Vacuum; Leybold; Pfeiffer Vacuum; SAES Getters; Schäfter+Kirchhoff | Documented in these sources | |
| Ultra-high-vacuum chamber | Component | Atomic register and vacuum system | Rubidium | Edwards Vacuum; Leybold; Pfeiffer Vacuum; SAES Getters | Documented in these sources |
| Magneto-optical trap | Component | Atomic register and vacuum system | Schäfter+Kirchhoff | Documented in these sources | |
| Optical tweezer array | Subsystem | Neutral atoms | AA Opto-Electronic; asphericon; Gooch & Housego; Hamamatsu Photonics A/S (formerly NKT Photonics); HOLOEYE Photonics | Documented in these sources | |
| Trapping laser | Component | Optical tweezer array | Hamamatsu Photonics A/S (formerly NKT Photonics) | Documented in these sources | |
| Spatial light modulator | Component | Optical tweezer array | HOLOEYE Photonics | Documented in these sources | |
| Acousto-optic deflectors | Component | Optical tweezer array | AA Opto-Electronic; Gooch & Housego | Documented in these sources | |
| High-numerical-aperture lenses | Component | Optical tweezer array | asphericon | Documented in these sources | |
| Processing lasers | Subsystem | Neutral atoms | AA Opto-Electronic; Exail; Gooch & Housego; Novacene Photonics; QUBIG; Schäfter+Kirchhoff; TOPTICA Photonics; VEXLUM | Documented in these sources | |
| Raman and Rydberg lasers | Component | Processing lasers | Exail; Novacene Photonics; TOPTICA Photonics; VEXLUM | Documented in these sources | |
| Acousto- and electro-optic modulators | Component | Processing lasers | AA Opto-Electronic; Exail; Gooch & Housego; QUBIG; Schäfter+Kirchhoff | Documented in these sources | |
| Fluorescence imaging | Subsystem | Neutral atoms | Andor | Documented in these sources | |
| EMCCD camera | Component | Fluorescence imaging | Andor | Documented in these sources | |
| Dichroic mirror | Component | Fluorescence imaging | Evidence gap in these sources Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. | ||
| Control electronics and computing | Subsystem | Neutral atoms | Spectrum Instrumentation | Documented in these sources | |
| FPGA and GPU rearrangement | Component | Control electronics and computing | Evidence gap in these sources Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. | ||
| Synthesisers and waveform generators | Component | Control electronics and computing | Spectrum Instrumentation | Documented in these sources |
Parts tree of Neutral atoms · Suppliers of Neutral atoms in the supplier directory
Supply-chain parts and critical raw materials
From the parts tree: a reference structure of what each technology needs, down to materials, compiled from public review articles and EU law. It is not a supplier assessment.
Critical raw materials as listed in Annex II of the Critical Raw Materials Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1252).
Actors by role
Organisations with a documented relationship to this technology: a product line on the company’s own product page, the host or programme the infrastructure catalogue names for a facility, or the operator of an access route. Each row names its source and the date it was read. Roles are never inferred from taking part in the same project or patent.
| Role | Actors | State | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer or supplier of a part | 17 | Documented in these sources | 17 organisations in the table below. |
| Host, operator or access provider | 8 | Documented in these sources | 8 organisations in the table below. |
| Funder or programme | 3 | Documented in these sources | 3 organisations in the table below. |
| Researcher or developer | 15 | Documented in these sources | Organisations confirmed under this technology by the classification; listed in “Organisations and companies” below. Participants in EU-funded projects are counted per pillar in technology intelligence. |
| User | 0 | No evidence found in these sources | These sources record no user of this technology. |
| Organisation | Role | Country | Relationship | Stages | Source and date read |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA Opto-Electronic | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FR | High Resolution Deflectors (acousto-optic deflectors for addressing individual qubits) | Acousto-optic deflectors | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| AA Opto-Electronic | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FR | Modulators & Fixed Frequency Shifters (acousto-optic modulators for qubit control) | Acousto- and electro-optic modulators | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Andor | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | iXon Ultra Blue 888 EMCCD (EMCCD camera for ion trap quantum computing research) | EMCCD camera | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| asphericon | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | Aspheres for a fluorescence microscope (custom high-numerical-aperture asphere objective, usable in ultra-high vacuum, for imaging single cold atoms) | High-numerical-aperture lenses | Source (read 2026-10-30) |
| Edwards Vacuum | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | HyTan NEG-Ion pumps and Gamma Vacuum NEG pumps (combined getter and ion pumps for ultra-high vacuum) | Ultra-high-vacuum chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Exail | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FR | Intelligent Laser System (frequency-stabilised lasers for atom cooling and manipulation) | Raman and Rydberg lasers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Exail | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FR | Lithium niobate electro-optic modulators (phase, amplitude and IQ modulators for quantum communication and atom manipulation) | Acousto- and electro-optic modulators | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Gooch & Housego | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | AODF 4085 and Fiber-Q (acousto-optic deflectors and fibre-coupled acousto-optic modulators for quantum computing) | Acousto-optic deflectors; Acousto- and electro-optic modulators | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Hamamatsu Photonics A/S (formerly NKT Photonics) | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DK | Koheras BOOSTIK HP (high-power single-frequency fibre amplifier recommended for atom trapping and cooling) | Trapping laser | Source (read 2026-10-30) |
| HOLOEYE Photonics | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | PLUTO-2.1 LCOS Spatial Light Modulator (phase-only spatial light modulator) | Spatial light modulator | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Leybold | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | ECODRY plus, TURBOVAC i/iX and TURBOLAB (low-vibration backing pumps, turbomolecular pumps and pumping stations for quantum labs) | Ultra-high-vacuum chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Novacene Photonics | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | SolsTiS (narrow-linewidth tunable CW Ti:sapphire laser) | Raman and Rydberg lasers | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Pfeiffer Vacuum | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | HiCube Neo and turbopump packages (turbomolecular pumping stations for research) | Ultra-high-vacuum chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| QUBIG | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | Electro-Optic Modulators (EOM) (resonant and broadband electro-optic modulators for laser cooling of atoms and ions) | Acousto- and electro-optic modulators | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| SAES Getters | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | IT | Rubidium dispensers (alkali metal dispensers (pills and wires) releasing rubidium for atomic clocks, quantum sensors and quantum computers) | Atomic register and vacuum system; Ultra-high-vacuum chamber | Source (read 2026-10-30) |
| Schäfter+Kirchhoff | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | Beam Launchers for Quantum (fibre-coupled beam launchers that collimate, shape and combine laser beams onto the vacuum chamber for cooling and trapping atoms) | Magneto-optical trap | Source (read 2026-10-30) |
| Schäfter+Kirchhoff | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | Integrated AOM systems (fibre-coupled single- and double-pass acousto-optic modulator units, listed among its fibre optics for quantum) | Acousto- and electro-optic modulators | Source (read 2026-10-30) |
| Spectrum Instrumentation | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | 66xx, 63xx and 96xx card families (arbitrary waveform generator and DDS cards for qubit experiments) | Synthesisers and waveform generators | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| TOPTICA Photonics | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | DL pro (tunable external-cavity diode lasers for cooling and controlling atoms and ions) | Raman and Rydberg lasers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| VEXLUM | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FI | VXL (compact single-frequency VECSEL laser system for trapped-ion and neutral-atom quantum computers) | Raman and Rydberg lasers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| CINECA | Host, operator or access provider | IT | Hosts SOL | Source (read 2026-10-19) | |
| Coordinated by Pasqal; 30 participants | Host, operator or access provider | EU | Hosts Q-PLANET | Source (read 2026-10-21) | |
| EuroHPC Joint Undertaking | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to Ruby: EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode | Source | ||
| GENCI with CEA (TGCC) | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to France Hybrid HPC Quantum Initiative (HQI) platform: GENCI eDARI requests for French quantum resources | Source | ||
| Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) | Host, operator or access provider | DE | Hosts JADE | Source (read 2026-10-19) | |
| Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to LRZ Quantum Integration Centre (QIC): LRZ quantum computing service and consulting | Source | ||
| Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) | Host, operator or access provider | DE | Hosts LRZ Quantum Integration Centre (QIC) | Source (read 2026-10-21) | |
| Managed by GENCI, operated by CEA | Host, operator or access provider | FR | Hosts Ruby | Source (read 2026-10-19) | |
| TGCC (CEA), with GENCI | Host, operator or access provider | FR | Hosts France Hybrid HPC Quantum Initiative (HQI) platform | Source (read 2026-10-21) | |
| Chips JU pilot lines | Funder or programme | Programme of Q-PLANET | Source (read 2026-10-21) | ||
| EuroHPC JU | Funder or programme | Programme of JADE | Source (read 2026-10-19) | ||
| EuroHPC JU | Funder or programme | Programme of Ruby | Source (read 2026-10-19) | ||
| EuroHPC JU | Funder or programme | Programme of SOL | Source (read 2026-10-19) | ||
| National programme or platform | Funder or programme | Programme of France Hybrid HPC Quantum Initiative (HQI) platform | Source (read 2026-10-21) | ||
| National programme or platform | Funder or programme | Programme of LRZ Quantum Integration Centre (QIC) | Source (read 2026-10-21) |
Organisations and companies
15 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed and not listed here: 26.
- Universita degli Studi di Padova
- Pasqal Company brief for investors: Pasqal
- Politecnico di Milano
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica
- Silicon Austria Labs GMBH
See all 15: Organisations and companies · Companies of Neutral atoms in the investor screener
Facilities and access
Facilities of this technology in the infrastructure catalogue, the furthest milestone the deployment tracker evidences for each, and the current access routes that open them.
Documented in these sources: 6 facilities.
| Facility | Kind | Country | Host | Status | Furthest evidenced milestone | Access routes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JADE | Quantum simulator | Germany | Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) | Inaugurated, per the EuroHPC JU | Commissioned or inaugurated | No current access route recorded |
| Ruby | Quantum simulator | France | Managed by GENCI, operated by CEA | Inaugurated, per the EuroHPC JU | Accepting access applications | EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode |
| SOL | Quantum simulator | Italy | CINECA | Planned, per the EuroHPC JU | Commissioned or inaugurated | No current access route recorded |
| Q-PLANET | Pilot line network | EU-wide or cross-border | Coordinated by Pasqal; 30 participants | Project | Funded or agreement signed | No current access route recorded |
| LRZ Quantum Integration Centre (QIC) | Quantum computing user platform | Germany | Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) | In operation, per the source | Not in the deployment tracker | LRZ quantum computing service and consulting |
| France Hybrid HPC Quantum Initiative (HQI) platform | Quantum computing user platform | France | TGCC (CEA), with GENCI | In operation, per the source | Accepting access applications | GENCI eDARI requests for French quantum resources |
Infrastructure catalogue · Deployment tracker · How to get access
Infrastructure and deployment status
12 confirmed items.
- France Hybrid HPC Quantum Initiative (HQI) platform
- JADE
- LRZ Quantum Integration Centre (QIC)
- Q-PLANET
- Quantum Inspire
See all 12: Infrastructure and deployment status · Catalogue entries with this technology
Funding
Upcoming work-programme topics in this technology (the EU programme pipeline) and the funding instruments whose stated quantum relevance names it. The awards of its EU-funded projects and the announced funding rounds follow below.
Upcoming topics in the programme pipeline
Documented in these sources: 1 upcoming topic (pipeline read 2026-11-01).
- Neutral-Atom Platform Technologies
Pipeline topics of Neutral atoms
Funding instruments
| Instrument | Programme | Stated quantum relevance | Why it is shown |
|---|---|---|---|
| EIC Accelerator | Horizon Europe: European Innovation Council | The EIC Work Programme 2026 states that the Accelerator Open call remains available to start-ups and SMEs, including for quantum technologies, with specific safeguards on investments in quantum. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
| EIC STEP Scale Up | Horizon Europe: European Innovation Council, Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP) | Quantum technologies are among the digital and deep-tech priority areas, and the EIC Work Programme 2026 says support for quantum start-ups will be pursued in particular through this call. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
| EuroHPC JU quantum technology calls (Quantum Flagship) | Horizon Europe: Quantum Flagship, implemented by the EuroHPC JU | Since Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150 entered into force on 20 January 2026, the JU implements the Union's quantum technology agenda, including the Quantum Flagship funded through Horizon Europe, and its 2026 calls cover quantum computing platforms, QKD, testing infrastructure, pilot lines, sensing, machine learning and standards. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
| Chips JU quantum actions (Chips for Europe Initiative) | Chips for Europe Initiative: Horizon Europe and Digital Europe Programme | The Chips for Europe Initiative includes dedicated quantum actions: building capacity for quantum chips, design libraries, dedicated pilots and testing facilities, from superconducting circuits to photonic, neutral-atom and ion-trap chips. | Names this technology |
| QuantERA joint transnational calls | QuantERA: network of national research funders with European Commission co-funding | QuantERA is a network of research funders for quantum technologies, and Call 2025 covered quantum phenomena and resources and applied quantum science across communication, computing, simulation, sensing and metrology. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
6 more instruments are open to any field of research and are not listed here.
EU and national projects
47 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed and not listed here: 49.
| Measure | Total | Projects with an amount | Projects without one |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) | EUR 43,763,242.16 | 13 | 0 |
| Total cost (includes the award) | EUR 66,642,393.22 | 9 | 0 |
| Measure | Total | Projects with an amount | Projects without one |
|---|---|---|---|
| award value (Gateway to Research) | GBP 10,129,336 | 6 | 0 |
| NWO award amount | EUR 1,543,671 | 4 | 0 |
| ANR aid allocated | EUR 900,970.76 | 2 | 0 |
| approved FWF funding | EUR 4,627,307 | 2 | 0 |
| funded amount | SEK 2,100,000 | 1 | 0 |
| award value (Gateway to Research) | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| funded amount | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| total awarded | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Each project counts once. A total adds the amount each source states for its projects within one measure and one currency only: EU contributions, national awards and other measures are never added together. Total cost includes the award and is shown separately. A country filter keeps whole projects with a participant in the country, so its total is not the country's share. Programme envelopes, partner shares, co-funding and payments are separate layers and are never added to awards; payments are not published by the sources used. Outputs are linked only through an explicit project or grant identifier or reviewed documentary evidence, never by name alone; only a reviewed document can show a demonstrated contribution. CORDIS and Funding & Tenders amounts are one measure, the EU contribution (maximum grant agreed in the grant agreement, not payments). Country codes EL and UK are read as GR (Greece) and GB (United Kingdom). National and regional rows whose title names no quantum technology are left out unless asked for. EU and national totals are shown apart and never added.
Includes projects from the ANR open data: ANR, data.gouv.fr, ODbL 1.0; those rows are shared alike under the Open Database Licence.
2 confirmed project pages have no award record and are not in the totals.
- Q-PLANET SGA1: Quantum Pilot Line for production of Advanced chips for Neutral atom European Technologies - Specific Agreement 1
- Neutral-atom quantum systems with high connectivity
- CoPaNA: Concatenated Parity codes on Neutral Atoms
- NanoAtom: Quantum Optical Physics with Neutral-Atom Waveguide-QED
- RUBIQON: Crossing the Threshold to Fault-tolerant Digital Neutral Atom Quantum Computing
Funding rounds
5 confirmed items.
Jobs and funding calls
3 confirmed items.
Patents and publications
Patent counts come from EPO Open Patent Services in technology intelligence, by CPC group, and per EPO quantum concept in the technology intelligence reports; publications by OpenAlex topic. The patent series of this node and its documents follow below.
Documented in these sources: 2 indicator pages of this technology.
Patent landscape of Quantum computing and simulation in technology intelligence · Research output of Neutral atoms in the platform comparison · All technology intelligence reports
Patents
No patent series for this node. Its CPC groups (G06N 10/40) are counted in the series of Quantum computing and simulation, together with other families.
Patent landscape of the pillar Quantum computing and simulation in technology intelligence
Standards
Standards, specifications, committees and roadmaps of the standards tracker in the scope of this technology, each with its body and status.
Documented in these sources: 13 tracked items.
| Identifier | Title | Kind | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| CEN/CLC/TR 18202:2025 | Layer model of Quantum Computing | Technical report | Published |
| EAS 18433:2026 | Quantum Computing - High-Level Programming Language | Specification | Published |
| EAS 18434:2026 | Quantum Computing - Roadmap for Post-Processing Software in Space | Specification | Published |
| EAS 18435-1:2026 | Quantum Computing - Hardware Abstraction Layer - Part 1: Descriptions and functional requirements | Specification | Published |
| prEN 18470 (WI JT022006) | Quantum technologies - quantum computing - Hybridization of High-Performance Computing and Quantum Computing | Work item or project | In development |
| prCEN/CLC/TR 18437 (WI JT022005) | Performance benchmarks of quantum computing applications | Work item or project | In development |
| prCEN/CLC/TS 18438-1 (WI JT022007) | Quantum Technologies - Quantum Computing - Cryogenic Solid State Gate-Based Quantum Computing - Part 1: Functional Requirements | Work item or project | In development |
| ISO/IEC 4879:2024 | Information technology — Quantum computing — Vocabulary | Standard | Published |
| IEEE P7131 | Standard for Quantum Computing Performance Metrics & Performance Benchmarking | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3155 | Standard for Programmable Quantum Simulator | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3120 | Standard for Quantum Computing Architecture | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3185 | Standard for Hybrid Quantum-Classical Computing | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3329 | Standard for Quantum Computing Energy Efficiency | Work item or project | In development |
9 tracked items are about quantum technologies in general.
Policy measures
Actions of the Quantum Europe Strategy (COM(2025) 363) that name this technology or its pillar, or that link one of its facilities, with their status in the strategy tracker.
Documented in these sources: 6 actions.
| Action | Status | Target | Why it is shown | Where in the strategy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publish an EU Quantum Computing and Simulation Roadmap | Announced | 2026 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, text and action list (p. 7); Appendix, Area 2 (p. 23) |
| Expand the EuroHPC quantum computers | In progress (evidence) | 2026 onwards | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, action list (p. 7); Appendix, Area 2 (p. 23) |
| Set up a monitoring framework for quantum computing | Announced | 2026 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, action list (p. 7); Appendix, Area 2 (p. 23) |
| About 100 error-corrected qubits per system | Announced | By 2030 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, text after Table 1 (p. 6) |
| Thousands of error-corrected qubits per platform | Announced | By 2035 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, text after Table 1 (p. 6) |
| Establish six quantum pilot lines under the Chips Joint Undertaking | Delivered (evidence) | 2025 | Links a facility of this technology | Section 2.3.1 (p. 12) and action list (p. 15); Appendix, Area 3 (p. 23) |
Evidence gaps
Stages of the value chain for which these sources link no documented European actor. Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. A company may well supply the stage without a product page the directory has read; a missing record is never proof of a strategic dependency.
Evidence gap in these sources: 2 stages. Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency.
| Stage | Level | Part of | Platform | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dichroic mirror | Component | Fluorescence imaging | Neutral atoms | Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. |
| FPGA and GPU rearrangement | Component | Control electronics and computing | Neutral atoms | Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. |
Know a European supplier for one of these stages? Tell the editors
Quantum software
1 confirmed item.
News and events
2 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed and not listed here: 3.
JRC and EU analysis
Reports and pages of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC). Identifiers are those of the JRC Publications Repository; the portal does not reproduce their data.
- EU role in the global quantum race
Policy brief on the global quantum technology landscape: public and private funding, innovation potential and market perspective.
- Future Directions for Quantum Technology in Europe
Background analysis for the Quantum Europe Strategy: companies, patents, publications, supply chains, public funding and venture capital, by sector (communication including QKD, computing including simulation, sensing, and post-quantum cryptography).
- (Dis)Entangling the Future: horizon scanning for emerging technologies and breakthrough innovations in the field of quantum technologies
Horizon scanning of emerging quantum technologies and breakthrough innovations (FUTURINNOV project).
- Patent analysis of selected quantum technologies
Patent applications in the EPO Global Patent Index for quantum computing, quantum key distribution, quantum entanglement and cold atom interferometry, with a discussion of method (EUR 29614 EN).
Further reading
- Understanding Quantum Technologies 2025 (Olivier Ezratty, 8th edition, version 8.1 of 30 October 2025, arXiv:2111.15352 (v6), doi:10.48550/arXiv.2111.15352, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)See Part 2: Computing hardware; Part 3: Computing software
- Understanding Quantum Technologies 2026 (Olivier Ezratty, 9th edition, version 9.0 of 17 October 2026 (latest edition))See Part 2: Computing hardware; Part 3: Computing software
Olivier Ezratty, Understanding Quantum Technologies (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Links only; no text of the book is reproduced on this portal.
All technologies · How items are classified · Published classification method · Quantum algorithms that fit Neutral atoms · Draft SRIA 2026 chapter: Computing and simulation