Technology hub: Superconducting qubits
Qubits made of superconducting electrical circuits with Josephson junctions, operated at millikelvin temperatures and controlled with microwaves.
- Pillar
- Quantum computing and simulation
- Related codes
- Axis in the faceted taxonomy
- Physical platform: Superconducting qubits (draft — to be completed by the responsible team)
- Validation
- Proposed — not yet validated by an expert
- Sources of the definition
2 sources
- Quantum Flagship: Strategic Research and Industry Agenda (SRIA) for quantum technologies, draft for the second phase of the public consultation; chapter 3, Quantum Sensing & Metrology Roadmap Update 2026 (pp. 75 to 100), chapter 1, Quantum Computing & Simulation Roadmap Update 2026 (pp. 3 to 42) (read 2026-10-29)
- EPO and USPTO: G06N10/40 Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits (broader match) (read 2026-10-29)
222 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed: 255. Suggestions are counted, not listed.
At a glance
- EU and national projects: 136
- Organisations and companies: 49
- Funding rounds: 12
- Infrastructure and deployment status: 16
- Quantum software: 1
- Courses and master’s programmes: 2
- News and events: 6
Key items: EU and national projects
- OpenSuperQPlus100: Open Superconducting Quantum Computers (OpenSuperQPlus)
- OpenSuperQ: An Open Superconducting Quantum Computer
- QuKiT: Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons
Key items: Organisations and companies
Expert review sheet of the faceted taxonomy (every value, definition and source)
Overview
The technology atlas of Superconducting qubits: its value chain, the documented actors by role, facilities, funding, patents and publications, standards and policy measures on one page, each from a source the portal already publishes. Each section says whether these sources document the technology, show an evidence gap or hold nothing about it.
| Section | State in these sources | Records |
|---|---|---|
| Value chain | Documented in these sources | 20 |
| Actors by role | Documented in these sources | 109 |
| Facilities and access | Documented in these sources | 10 |
| Funding | Documented in these sources | 6 |
| Patents and publications | Documented in these sources | 2 |
| Standards | Documented in these sources | 13 |
| Policy measures | Documented in these sources | 6 |
| Evidence gaps | Evidence gap in these sources | 2 |
- Documented in these sources: at least one record of these sources is about this technology.
- Evidence gap in these sources: the parts tree names a stage, but no documented European actor is linked to it here. Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency.
- No evidence found in these sources: No evidence found in these sources. It means only that these sources hold nothing on it.
Public layer: structure and documented actors only. Actor roles come from typed, dated relationships and are never inferred from shared projects or patents. Supplier assessments of the restricted dependency map are not shown on this public page. No technology readiness level is given.
External context: EPO Observatory: quantum technologies · EPO Deep Tech Finder
Value chain
The stages of this technology in the parts tree, a reference structure from review articles and EU law, with the European companies whose own product page names a product line for the stage or a part under it (the curated supplier directory).
Documented in these sources: 20 stages; 2 stages with an evidence gap.
Superconducting circuits
| Stage | Level | Part of | Materials | Documented European actors | State |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dilution refrigerator | Subsystem | Superconducting circuits | Air Liquide; Bluefors; Entropy; ICEoxford; Leiden Cryogenics; Magnetic Shields; Quantum Design Oxford; VACUUMSCHMELZE | Documented in these sources | |
| Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Component | Dilution refrigerator | Helium-3 and helium-4 mixture (critical raw material) | Air Liquide; Bluefors; Entropy; ICEoxford; Leiden Cryogenics; Quantum Design Oxford | Documented in these sources |
| Pulse-tube cryocooler | Component | Dilution refrigerator | Bluefors | Documented in these sources | |
| Radiation and magnetic shielding | Component | Dilution refrigerator | Magnetic Shields; VACUUMSCHMELZE | Documented in these sources | |
| Qubit chip | Subsystem | Superconducting circuits | Okmetic; QuantWare | Documented in these sources | |
| Josephson junctions | Component | Qubit chip | Aluminium and aluminium oxide (critical raw material) | QuantWare | Documented in these sources |
| Superconducting metal films | Component | Qubit chip | Aluminium (critical raw material); Niobium (critical raw material); Tantalum (critical raw material) | Evidence gap in these sources Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. | |
| Substrate | Component | Qubit chip | Silicon (critical raw material); Sapphire | Okmetic | Documented in these sources |
| Readout resonators and Purcell filters | Component | Qubit chip | Evidence gap in these sources Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. | ||
| Cryogenic signal lines | Subsystem | Superconducting circuits | Basel Precision Instruments; CryoCoax; Delft Circuits; Low Noise Factory; Rosenberger | Documented in these sources | |
| Coaxial cables | Component | Cryogenic signal lines | Niobium-titanium (critical raw material) | CryoCoax; Rosenberger | Documented in these sources |
| Attenuators and filters | Component | Cryogenic signal lines | Basel Precision Instruments | Documented in these sources | |
| Circulators and isolators | Component | Cryogenic signal lines | Low Noise Factory | Documented in these sources | |
| Readout amplifier chain | Subsystem | Superconducting circuits | Arctic Instruments; Low Noise Factory; Silent Waves | Documented in these sources | |
| Josephson parametric amplifiers | Component | Readout amplifier chain | Arctic Instruments; Silent Waves | Documented in these sources | |
| HEMT amplifiers | Component | Readout amplifier chain | Low Noise Factory | Documented in these sources | |
| Room-temperature control electronics | Subsystem | Superconducting circuits | Basel Precision Instruments; Intermodulation Products; Qblox; SemiQon; Spectrum Instrumentation; Zurich Instruments | Documented in these sources | |
| Waveform generators and microwave sources | Component | Room-temperature control electronics | Intermodulation Products; Qblox; Spectrum Instrumentation; Zurich Instruments | Documented in these sources | |
| Readout mixers and digitisers | Component | Room-temperature control electronics | Intermodulation Products; Qblox; Zurich Instruments | Documented in these sources | |
| FPGA-based real-time control | Component | Room-temperature control electronics | Zurich Instruments | Documented in these sources |
Parts tree of Superconducting circuits · Suppliers of Superconducting circuits in the supplier directory
Supply-chain parts and critical raw materials
From the parts tree: a reference structure of what each technology needs, down to materials, compiled from public review articles and EU law. It is not a supplier assessment.
- Parts and materials of Superconducting circuits
Critical raw materials: Helium-3 and helium-4 mixture; Aluminium and aluminium oxide; Aluminium; Niobium; Tantalum; Silicon; Niobium-titanium.
Critical raw materials as listed in Annex II of the Critical Raw Materials Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1252).
Actors by role
Organisations with a documented relationship to this technology: a product line on the company’s own product page, the host or programme the infrastructure catalogue names for a facility, or the operator of an access route. Each row names its source and the date it was read. Roles are never inferred from taking part in the same project or patent.
| Role | Actors | State | Where |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer or supplier of a part | 22 | Documented in these sources | 22 organisations in the table below. |
| Host, operator or access provider | 15 | Documented in these sources | 15 organisations in the table below. |
| Funder or programme | 4 | Documented in these sources | 4 organisations in the table below. |
| Researcher or developer | 49 | Documented in these sources | Organisations confirmed under this technology by the classification; listed in “Organisations and companies” below. Participants in EU-funded projects are counted per pillar in technology intelligence. |
| User | 0 | No evidence found in these sources | These sources record no user of this technology. |
| Organisation | Role | Country | Relationship | Stages | Source and date read |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Liquide | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FR | Helium-3 He3 (helium-3 gas supply for dilution refrigerators of quantum computers) | Dilution refrigerator; Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Arctic Instruments | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FI | AI-TWPA-C (travelling-wave parametric amplifier for qubit readout) | Josephson parametric amplifiers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Basel Precision Instruments | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | CH | LNHR DAC IIa (low-noise multichannel DC voltage source for gates at cryogenic temperatures) | Room-temperature control electronics | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Basel Precision Instruments | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | CH | Microwave Filter & Thermalizer (cryogenic microwave filters and thermalisers) | Attenuators and filters | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Bluefors | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FI | Cryomech Pulse Tube Cryocoolers (pulse-tube cryocoolers) | Pulse-tube cryocooler | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Bluefors | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FI | XLDsl, LD, Ultra-Compact LD, SD and LH systems (dilution refrigerator measurement systems for superconducting and spin qubit experiments) | Dilution refrigerator; Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| CryoCoax | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | Cable and Cable Assemblies; High Density Connectors (cryogenic coaxial cables and connectors) | Coaxial cables | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Delft Circuits | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | NL | Cri/oFlex (flexible multi-channel cryogenic stripline cabling for quantum systems) | Cryogenic signal lines | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Entropy | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | Dilution, ADR and closed-cycle cryostats (dilution refrigerator, ADR and closed-cycle cryostats) | Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| ICEoxford | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | Dilution Dry Systems and Dilution Wet Systems (dilution cryostats) | Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Intermodulation Products | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | SE | Presto (microwave waveform generator and analyser for qubit control and readout) | Waveform generators and microwave sources; Readout mixers and digitisers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Leiden Cryogenics | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | NL | CF-CS110 and QUPER dilution refrigerators (dilution refrigerators, including a fast-turnaround inverted unit for qubit testing) | Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Source (read 2026-10-30) |
| Low Noise Factory | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | SE | Cryogenic Isolators/Circulators (cryogenic isolators and circulators) | Circulators and isolators | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Low Noise Factory | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | SE | Cryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers (cryogenic InP HEMT low-noise amplifiers for qubit readout) | HEMT amplifiers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Magnetic Shields | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | Cryogenic (cryogenic magnetic shields) | Radiation and magnetic shielding | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Okmetic | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FI | High Resistivity wafers (RFSi Wafer Line) (high-resistivity silicon wafers for quantum devices) | Qubit chip; Substrate | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Qblox | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | NL | Cluster (modular qubit control and readout electronics) | Waveform generators and microwave sources; Readout mixers and digitisers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Quantum Design Oxford | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | ProteoxLX (cryogen-free dilution refrigerator for quantum computing scale-up) | Dilution refrigerator; Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Quantum Design Oxford | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | GB | ProteoxS, ProteoxMX and Proteox5mK (cryogen-free dilution refrigerators) | Dilution unit and mixing chamber | Source (read 2026-10-26) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| QuantWare | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | NL | A-Line and D-Line (superconducting quantum processors (QPUs)) | Qubit chip | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| QuantWare | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | NL | Foundry Services (contract fabrication of superconducting qubit chips) | Qubit chip; Josephson junctions | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Rosenberger | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | Cryogenic cable assemblies (semi-rigid cryogenic coaxial assemblies, including niobium-titanium) | Coaxial cables | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Rosenberger | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | Multichannel WSMP series (16- and 32-channel cryogenic RF connectors for quantum computers) | Cryogenic signal lines | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| SemiQon | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FI | SemiQon Cryo-CMOS (cryo-optimised CMOS for scaling quantum computers) | Room-temperature control electronics | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Silent Waves | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | FR | Argo, Carthago and Zephyr (travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPA) for quantum computing) | Josephson parametric amplifiers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Spectrum Instrumentation | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | 66xx, 63xx and 96xx card families (arbitrary waveform generator and DDS cards for qubit experiments) | Waveform generators and microwave sources | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| VACUUMSCHMELZE | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | DE | CRYOPERM (nickel-iron alloy for magnetic shielding at cryogenic temperatures) | Radiation and magnetic shielding | Source (read 2026-10-30) Partly verified: the page does not state the quantum use. |
| Zurich Instruments | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | CH | HDAWG (arbitrary waveform generator for qubit gate operations) | Waveform generators and microwave sources | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Zurich Instruments | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | CH | Quantum Computing Control System (QCCS) (scalable control, readout and feedback system for superconducting and spin qubits) | Room-temperature control electronics; FPGA-based real-time control | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Zurich Instruments | Manufacturer or supplier of a part | CH | SHFQC+ Qubit Controller (qubit control and readout instrument) | Waveform generators and microwave sources; Readout mixers and digitisers | Source (read 2026-10-26) |
| Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) | Host, operator or access provider | ES | Hosts EuroQCS-Spain | Source (read 2026-10-19) | |
| Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) | Host, operator or access provider | ES | Hosts Quantum Spain quantum computer at BSC-CNS | Source (read 2026-10-21) | |
| Chalmers University of Technology, with Chalmers Next Labs | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to WACQT Quantum Technology Testbed: WACQT Quantum Technology Testbed | Source | ||
| Coordinated by Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy; 23 participants | Host, operator or access provider | EU | Hosts SUPREME | Source (read 2026-10-21) | |
| Coordinated by VTT; 21 partners from 9 European countries | Host, operator or access provider | EU | Hosts Qu-Pilot | Source (read 2026-10-19) | |
| EuroHPC Joint Undertaking | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to Euro-Q-Exa: EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode | Source | ||
| EuroHPC Joint Undertaking | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to EuroQCS-Spain: EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode | Source | ||
| EuroHPC Joint Undertaking | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to VLQ: EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode | Source | ||
| Finnish Quantum-Computing Infrastructure (FiQCI): VTT, Aalto University and CSC | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to Finnish Quantum-Computing Infrastructure (FiQCI): FiQCI calls for academic projects | Source | ||
| Finnish Quantum-Computing Infrastructure (FiQCI): VTT, Aalto University and CSC | Host, operator or access provider | Access route to VLQ: FiQCI calls for academic projects | Source |
And 20 more documented actors in the supplier directory.
Organisations and companies
49 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed and not listed here: 60.
- Quantware B.v. Company brief for investors: Quantware B.v.
- Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Universite de Geneve
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica
- Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum
See all 49: Organisations and companies · Companies of Superconducting qubits in the investor screener
Facilities and access
Facilities of this technology in the infrastructure catalogue, the furthest milestone the deployment tracker evidences for each, and the current access routes that open them.
Documented in these sources: 10 facilities.
| Facility | Kind | Country | Host | Status | Furthest evidenced milestone | Access routes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VLQ | Quantum computer | Czechia | IT4Innovations (IT4I) | Inaugurated, per the EuroHPC JU | Accepting access applications | EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode; FiQCI calls for academic projects; IT4Innovations open access grant competition (including VLQ) |
| Euro-Q-Exa | Quantum computer | Germany | Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) | Inaugurated, per the EuroHPC JU | Accepting access applications | EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode |
| EuroQCS-Spain | Quantum computer | Spain | Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) | Inaugurated, per the EuroHPC JU | Accepting access applications | EuroHPC JU quantum access in pilot mode |
| Qu-Pilot | Pilot line network | EU-wide or cross-border | Coordinated by VTT; 21 partners from 9 European countries | Project period ended, per the source | Accepting access applications | No current access route recorded |
| SUPREME | Pilot line network | EU-wide or cross-border | Coordinated by Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy; 23 participants | Project | Funded or agreement signed | No current access route recorded |
| Quantum Inspire | Quantum computing user platform | Netherlands | QuTech, founded by TU Delft and TNO | In operation, per the source | Not in the deployment tracker | Quantum Inspire |
| LRZ Quantum Integration Centre (QIC) | Quantum computing user platform | Germany | Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) | In operation, per the source | Not in the deployment tracker | LRZ quantum computing service and consulting |
| Finnish Quantum-Computing Infrastructure (FiQCI) | Quantum computing user platform | Finland | VTT, Aalto University and CSC – IT Center for Science | In operation, per the source | Not in the deployment tracker | FiQCI calls for academic projects |
| Quantum Spain quantum computer at BSC-CNS | Quantum computer | Spain | Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) | In operation, per the source | Accepting access applications | Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES) quantum access |
| WACQT Quantum Technology Testbed | Testbed | Sweden | Wallenberg Centre for Quantum Technology (WACQT), Chalmers University of Technology | In operation, per the source | Not in the deployment tracker | WACQT Quantum Technology Testbed |
Infrastructure catalogue · Deployment tracker · How to get access
Infrastructure and deployment status
16 confirmed items.
- Euro-Q-Exa
- EuroQCS-Spain
- Finnish Quantum-Computing Infrastructure (FiQCI)
- LRZ Quantum Integration Centre (QIC)
- Qu-Pilot
See all 16: Infrastructure and deployment status · Catalogue entries with this technology
Funding
Upcoming work-programme topics in this technology (the EU programme pipeline) and the funding instruments whose stated quantum relevance names it. The awards of its EU-funded projects and the announced funding rounds follow below.
Upcoming topics in the programme pipeline
Documented in these sources: 1 upcoming topic (pipeline read 2026-11-01).
- Superconducting Platform Technologies
Pipeline topics of Superconducting qubits
Funding instruments
| Instrument | Programme | Stated quantum relevance | Why it is shown |
|---|---|---|---|
| EIC Accelerator | Horizon Europe: European Innovation Council | The EIC Work Programme 2026 states that the Accelerator Open call remains available to start-ups and SMEs, including for quantum technologies, with specific safeguards on investments in quantum. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
| EIC STEP Scale Up | Horizon Europe: European Innovation Council, Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP) | Quantum technologies are among the digital and deep-tech priority areas, and the EIC Work Programme 2026 says support for quantum start-ups will be pursued in particular through this call. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
| EuroHPC JU quantum technology calls (Quantum Flagship) | Horizon Europe: Quantum Flagship, implemented by the EuroHPC JU | Since Council Regulation (EU) 2026/150 entered into force on 20 January 2026, the JU implements the Union's quantum technology agenda, including the Quantum Flagship funded through Horizon Europe, and its 2026 calls cover quantum computing platforms, QKD, testing infrastructure, pilot lines, sensing, machine learning and standards. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
| Chips JU quantum actions (Chips for Europe Initiative) | Chips for Europe Initiative: Horizon Europe and Digital Europe Programme | The Chips for Europe Initiative includes dedicated quantum actions: building capacity for quantum chips, design libraries, dedicated pilots and testing facilities, from superconducting circuits to photonic, neutral-atom and ion-trap chips. | Names this technology |
| QuantERA joint transnational calls | QuantERA: network of national research funders with European Commission co-funding | QuantERA is a network of research funders for quantum technologies, and Call 2025 covered quantum phenomena and resources and applied quantum science across communication, computing, simulation, sensing and metrology. | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation |
6 more instruments are open to any field of research and are not listed here.
EU and national projects
136 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed and not listed here: 141.
| Measure | Total | Projects with an amount | Projects without one |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU contribution (maximum grant agreed) | EUR 84,542,367.62 | 32 | 0 |
| Total cost (includes the award) | EUR 81,390,224.97 | 28 | 0 |
| Measure | Total | Projects with an amount | Projects without one |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANR aid allocated | EUR 5,318,422.32 | 14 | 0 |
| award value (Gateway to Research) | GBP 8,804,463 | 13 | 0 |
| approved FWF funding | EUR 2,375,968 | 8 | 0 |
| funded amount | EUR 1,825,077 | 8 | 0 |
| funded amount | SEK 18,777,000 | 6 | 0 |
| NWO award amount | EUR 733,938 | 2 | 0 |
| NWO award amount | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| approved total costs | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| award value (Gateway to Research) | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| funded amount | 0 | 0 | 15 |
Each project counts once. A total adds the amount each source states for its projects within one measure and one currency only: EU contributions, national awards and other measures are never added together. Total cost includes the award and is shown separately. A country filter keeps whole projects with a participant in the country, so its total is not the country's share. Programme envelopes, partner shares, co-funding and payments are separate layers and are never added to awards; payments are not published by the sources used. Outputs are linked only through an explicit project or grant identifier or reviewed documentary evidence, never by name alone; only a reviewed document can show a demonstrated contribution. CORDIS and Funding & Tenders amounts are one measure, the EU contribution (maximum grant agreed in the grant agreement, not payments). Country codes EL and UK are read as GR (Greece) and GB (United Kingdom). National and regional rows whose title names no quantum technology are left out unless asked for. EU and national totals are shown apart and never added.
Includes projects from the ANR open data: ANR, data.gouv.fr, ODbL 1.0; those rows are shared alike under the Open Database Licence.
15 confirmed project pages have no award record and are not in the totals.
- OpenSuperQPlus100: Open Superconducting Quantum Computers (OpenSuperQPlus)
- OpenSuperQ: An Open Superconducting Quantum Computer
- QuKiT: Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons
- FERROMON: Ferrotransmons and Ferrogatemons for Scalable Superconducting Quantum Computers
- SuperGate: Gate Tuneable Superconducting Quantum Electronics.
Funding rounds
12 confirmed items.
- Alice & Bob: Series B, 2025-01-28
- Alice & Bob: Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up), 2026-04-27
- Alice & Bob: Extension or further close, 2026-05-22
- IQM Quantum Computers: Public equity investment (EIC STEP Scale Up), 2025-04-03
- IQM Quantum Computers: Series B, 2025-09-03
See all 12: Funding rounds · Funding rounds tracker of the investor view
Patents and publications
Patent counts come from EPO Open Patent Services in technology intelligence, by CPC group, and per EPO quantum concept in the technology intelligence reports; publications by OpenAlex topic. The patent series of this node and its documents follow below.
Documented in these sources: 2 indicator pages of this technology.
Patent landscape of Quantum computing and simulation in technology intelligence · Research output of Superconducting qubits in the platform comparison · All technology intelligence reports
Patents
No patent series for this node. Its CPC groups (G06N 10/40) are counted in the series of Quantum computing and simulation, together with other families.
Patent landscape of the pillar Quantum computing and simulation in technology intelligence
Standards
Standards, specifications, committees and roadmaps of the standards tracker in the scope of this technology, each with its body and status.
Documented in these sources: 13 tracked items.
| Identifier | Title | Kind | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| CEN/CLC/TR 18202:2025 | Layer model of Quantum Computing | Technical report | Published |
| EAS 18433:2026 | Quantum Computing - High-Level Programming Language | Specification | Published |
| EAS 18434:2026 | Quantum Computing - Roadmap for Post-Processing Software in Space | Specification | Published |
| EAS 18435-1:2026 | Quantum Computing - Hardware Abstraction Layer - Part 1: Descriptions and functional requirements | Specification | Published |
| prEN 18470 (WI JT022006) | Quantum technologies - quantum computing - Hybridization of High-Performance Computing and Quantum Computing | Work item or project | In development |
| prCEN/CLC/TR 18437 (WI JT022005) | Performance benchmarks of quantum computing applications | Work item or project | In development |
| prCEN/CLC/TS 18438-1 (WI JT022007) | Quantum Technologies - Quantum Computing - Cryogenic Solid State Gate-Based Quantum Computing - Part 1: Functional Requirements | Work item or project | In development |
| ISO/IEC 4879:2024 | Information technology — Quantum computing — Vocabulary | Standard | Published |
| IEEE P7131 | Standard for Quantum Computing Performance Metrics & Performance Benchmarking | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3155 | Standard for Programmable Quantum Simulator | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3120 | Standard for Quantum Computing Architecture | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3185 | Standard for Hybrid Quantum-Classical Computing | Work item or project | Withdrawn |
| IEEE P3329 | Standard for Quantum Computing Energy Efficiency | Work item or project | In development |
9 tracked items are about quantum technologies in general.
Policy measures
Actions of the Quantum Europe Strategy (COM(2025) 363) that name this technology or its pillar, or that link one of its facilities, with their status in the strategy tracker.
Documented in these sources: 6 actions.
| Action | Status | Target | Why it is shown | Where in the strategy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publish an EU Quantum Computing and Simulation Roadmap | Announced | 2026 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, text and action list (p. 7); Appendix, Area 2 (p. 23) |
| Expand the EuroHPC quantum computers | In progress (evidence) | 2026 onwards | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, action list (p. 7); Appendix, Area 2 (p. 23) |
| Set up a monitoring framework for quantum computing | Announced | 2026 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, action list (p. 7); Appendix, Area 2 (p. 23) |
| About 100 error-corrected qubits per system | Announced | By 2030 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, text after Table 1 (p. 6) |
| Thousands of error-corrected qubits per platform | Announced | By 2035 | Names its pillar, Quantum computing and simulation | Section 2.2.1, text after Table 1 (p. 6) |
| Establish six quantum pilot lines under the Chips Joint Undertaking | Delivered (evidence) | 2025 | Links a facility of this technology | Section 2.3.1 (p. 12) and action list (p. 15); Appendix, Area 3 (p. 23) |
Evidence gaps
Stages of the value chain for which these sources link no documented European actor. Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. A company may well supply the stage without a product page the directory has read; a missing record is never proof of a strategic dependency.
Evidence gap in these sources: 2 stages. Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency.
| Stage | Level | Part of | Platform | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Superconducting metal films | Component | Qubit chip | Superconducting circuits | Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. |
| Readout resonators and Purcell filters | Component | Qubit chip | Superconducting circuits | Evidence gap in these sources, not a finding of dependency. |
Know a European supplier for one of these stages? Tell the editors
Quantum software
1 confirmed item.
Courses and master’s programmes
2 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed and not listed here: 9.
News and events
6 confirmed items. Including suggestions by rules or AI, not yet reviewed and not listed here: 12.
- QuTech establishes Quantum Systems Integration Unit
- Quantum Inspire adds new open-architecture quantum processor: Tuna-17
- Quantum magic state cleanup cuts errors 40-fold in first successful hardware test
- Bechtle bekommt Zuschlag für die Bereitstellung von Rechenzeit auf supraleitender QC-Hardware
- ETH Zurich to host a new IBM quantum computer
JRC and EU analysis
Reports and pages of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC). Identifiers are those of the JRC Publications Repository; the portal does not reproduce their data.
- EU role in the global quantum race
Policy brief on the global quantum technology landscape: public and private funding, innovation potential and market perspective.
- Future Directions for Quantum Technology in Europe
Background analysis for the Quantum Europe Strategy: companies, patents, publications, supply chains, public funding and venture capital, by sector (communication including QKD, computing including simulation, sensing, and post-quantum cryptography).
- (Dis)Entangling the Future: horizon scanning for emerging technologies and breakthrough innovations in the field of quantum technologies
Horizon scanning of emerging quantum technologies and breakthrough innovations (FUTURINNOV project).
- Patent analysis of selected quantum technologies
Patent applications in the EPO Global Patent Index for quantum computing, quantum key distribution, quantum entanglement and cold atom interferometry, with a discussion of method (EUR 29614 EN).
Further reading
- Understanding Quantum Technologies 2025 (Olivier Ezratty, 8th edition, version 8.1 of 30 October 2025, arXiv:2111.15352 (v6), doi:10.48550/arXiv.2111.15352, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)See Part 2: Computing hardware; Part 3: Computing software
- Understanding Quantum Technologies 2026 (Olivier Ezratty, 9th edition, version 9.0 of 17 October 2026 (latest edition))See Part 2: Computing hardware; Part 3: Computing software
Olivier Ezratty, Understanding Quantum Technologies (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Links only; no text of the book is reproduced on this portal.
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